Polydora (annelid) explained

Polydora is a genus of annelid worms.^[1] It contains marine polychaete species that live in mud, holes bored in rocks, and holes bored in the shells of shellfish.^{[2] [3]}

Some shell-^[4] and rock-boring polydora worms leave a characteristic double hole in the rock and shells in which they burrow.

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek Πολυδωρη, from Polydora, daughter of Tethys and Ocean in Greek mythology.^[5]

Economic effects

Polydora species are a major economic issue for parts of the shellfish industry.^[6] Some species cause "mudblister" on oysters, living inside the oyster shell and roughening its interior surface. Although this makes the oyster grow much more slowly, and makes the shell ugly and harder to sell, the meat of the oyster is still fit to eat.^[4]

In Australia, the Native flat or mud oyster, Ostrea angasi, became locally extinct, in estuaries on the East Coast north of the Clyde River, as a result of the accidental introduction of the mud worm, Polydora websteri, with Saccostrea glomareata spat from New Zealand, from 1888 to 1898.^{[7] [8]}

List of Polydora species

• Polydora aciculata
• Polydora aggregata
• Polydora anoculata
• Polydora armata Langerhans, 1880
• Polydora barbilla
• Polydora bioccipitalis
• Polydora blakei
• Polydora brachycephala
• Polydora caeca
• Polydora cardalia
• Polydora caulleryi
• Polydora ciliata
• Polydora cirrosa
• Polydora colonia Moore
• Polydora commensalis Andrews
• Polydora concharum
• Polydora convexa
• Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802
• Polydora elegantissima
• Polydora flava Claparede, 1870
• Polydora giardi
• Polydora glycymerica Radashevsky, 1993
• Polydora gracilis
• Polydora hartmanae
• Polydora haswelli
• Polydora hermaphroditica Hannerz, 1956
• Polydora heterochaeta
• Polydora hoplura Claparede, 1870
• Polydora kaneohe Ward, 1981
• Polydora latispinosa
• Polydora ligni Webster
• Polydora limicola
• Polydora magna
• Polydora narica
• Polydora neocardalia
• Polydora notialis
• Polydora nuchalis
• Polydora pilikia Ward, 1981
• Polydora pilocollaris
• Polydora posthamata Jones, 1962
• Polydora protuberata
• Polydora pygidialis
• Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi
• Polydora socialis (Schmarda)
• Polydora spongicola
• Polydora tentaculata
• Polydora tetrabranchia
• Polydora tridenticulata Woodwick, 1964
• Polydora websteri Hartman, 1943
• Polydora woodwicki

External links

• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2015. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Polydora

Notes and References

1. Web site: WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Polydora Bosc, 1802.
2. 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1986.tb01808.x . 86 . Morphological variation in Polydora ciliata complex (Polychaeta: Annelida) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 75–88 . Javed Mustaquim. 1986 .
3. Web site: Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory Home.
4. Web site: AAAS.
5. the Theogony of Hesiod (ll. 346–370); see Wikisource
6. 10.1007/s11802-014-2309-y . 13 . 6 . Ultrastructure developments during spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata (Annelida: Spionidae), a parasite of mollusca . Journal of Ocean University of China . 1071–1077 . Gao Yan. 2014 . 2014JOUC...13.1071G . 82002612 .
7. Web site: Nell . John . July 2007 . PRIMEFACT 590: Controlling mudworm in oysters . NSW Department of Primary Industry.
8. Roughley . T.C. . 1929 . The Story of the Oyster - Its History, Growth, and Cultivation in New South Wales . Reprinted from Australian Museum Magazine . 2 . 1925 . State Library of Victoria.