| Politics of Nova Scotia | |
| Type: | Province within a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Constitution: | Constitution of Canada |
| Legislature: | General Assembly |
| Legislature Type: | Unicameral |
| Legislature Place: | Province House, Halifax |
| Legislature Speaker: | Speaker of the House of Assembly |
| Current Hos: | King Charles III represented by Arthur LeBlanc, Lieutenant Governor |
| Current Hog: | Premier Tim Houston |
| Appointer Hog: | Lieutenant Governor |
| Cabinet: | Executive Council |
| Cabinet Leader: | Premier (as President of the Executive Council) |
| Cabinet Appointer: | Lieutenant Governor |
| Cabinet Hq: | Halifax |
| Court: | Court of Appeal |
| Chief Judge: | Michael Wood |
| Court Seat1: | Law Courts, Halifax |
The politics of Nova Scotia take place within the framework of a Westminster-style parliamentary constitutional monarchy. As Canada's head of state and monarch, Charles III is the sovereign of the province in his capacity as King in Right of Nova Scotia; his duties in Nova Scotia are carried out by the Lieutenant Governor, Arthur LeBlanc. The General Assembly is the legislature, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and fifty-five members representing their electoral districts in the House of Assembly.[1] The Government is headed by the Premier, Tim Houston, who took office on August 31, 2021. The capital city is Halifax, home to the Lieutenant Governor, the House of Assembly, and the Government. The House of Assembly has met in Halifax at Province House since 1819.[2]
The role of the Crown is both legal and practical; it functions in Nova Scotia in the same way it does in all of Canada's other provinces, being the centre of a constitutional construct in which the institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority share the power of the whole.[3] It is thus the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the province. The Canadian monarch—since 8 September 2022, King Charles III—is represented and his duties carried out by the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy, with most related powers entrusted for exercise by the elected parliamentarians, the ministers of the Crown generally drawn from among them, and the judges and justices of the peace.[4]
The Nova Scotia House of Assembly (fr|Assemblée législative de la Nouvelle-Écosse; gd|Taigh Seanaidh Alba Nuadh), or Legislative Assembly, is the sole chamber of the unicameral General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The assembly is the oldest in Canada, having first sat in 1758;[5] in 1848, it was the site of the first responsible government in the British Empire. Bills passed by the House of Assembly are given royal assent by the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia[6] in the name of the King in Right of Nova Scotia.
When established in 1758, the General Assembly consisted of the Crown represented by the Governor (Lieutenant Governor post-confederation), the appointed Nova Scotia Council holding both executive and legislative duties and the elected House of Assembly (lower chamber). In 1838, the Council was replaced by an executive council with the executive function and a legislative council with the legislative functions based on the House of Lords. In 1928, the Legislative Council was abolished and the members pensioned off, resulting in a unicameral legislature with the House of Assembly as the sole chamber.
There are 55 members of the legislative assembly (MLAs) representing 55 electoral districts.[7] Members nearly always represent one of the three main political parties of the province: the Nova Scotia Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, and Nova Scotia New Democratic Party.
The Government of Nova Scotia exercises the executive power. The chief body of the Government is the Executive Council, also known as Cabinet.[8] The Premier of Nova Scotia is President of the Executive Council.
| Government | align="center" colspan=1 | Anti Confederation | align="center" colspan=2 | Liberal | align="center" | Con | align="center" colspan=9 | Liberal | |||||||
| Party | 1867 | 1871 | 1874 | 1878 | 1882 | 1886 | 1890 | 1897 | 1897 | 1901 | 1906 | 1911 | 1916 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 36 | 24 | 22 | 6 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 25 | 34 | 36 | 32 | 26 | 31 | ||
| Conservative | 2 | 14 | 12 | 32 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 12 | ||
| Independent | 4 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 43 | ||
| Government | align="center" | Liberal | align="center" colspan=2 | Con | align="center" colspan=6 | Liberal | align="center" colspan=4 | PC | |||||||
| Party | 1920 | 1925 | 1928 | 1933 | 1937 | 1941 | 1945 | 1949 | 1953 | 1956 | 1960 | 1963 | 1967 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 29 | 3 | 18 | 22 | 25 | 22 | 28 | 27 | 22 | 18 | 15 | 4 | 6 | ||
| Conservative | 3 | 40 | 24 | 8 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
| Progressive Conservative | 8 | 13 | 24 | 27 | 39 | 40 | |||||||||
| United Farmers | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Labour | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cooperative Commonwealth Federation | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Total | 43 | 43 | 43 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 37 | 37 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 46 | ||
| Government | align="center" colspan=2 | Liberal | align="center" colspan=4 | PC | align="center" colspan=2 | Liberal | align="center" colspan=3 | PC | align="center" | NDP | align="center" colspan=2 | Liberal | align="center" colspan=2 | PC | ||||
| Party | 1970 | 1974 | 1978 | 1981 | 1984 | 1988 | 1993 | 1998 | 1999 | 2003 | 2006 | 2009 | 2013 | 2017 | 2021 | 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 23 | 31 | 17 | 13 | 6 | 21 | 40 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 33 | 27 | 17 | 2 | ||
| Progressive Conservative | 21 | 12 | 31 | 37 | 42 | 28 | 9 | 14 | 30 | 25 | 23 | 10 | 11 | 17 | 31 | 43 | ||
| New Democratic | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 11 | 15 | 20 | 31 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 9 | ||
| Cape Breton Labour | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Independent | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 46 | 46 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 55 | 55 | ||
| Liberal | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 8 | |||
| PC | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 4 | ||||||||||
| NDP | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||
| Reform / Alliance | |||||||||||||||||||
| Conservative | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Total | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | ||