List of political parties in the Netherlands explained
This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
No party has won a majority of seats since the 1894 general election;[1] no party has even approached the seats needed for a majority since the current proportional representation system was implemented in the Pacification of 1917. All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
National political parties
Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament
Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament
Regional and local political parties
European Netherlands
Regional parties
Local parties
Water board parties
Caribbean Netherlands
Bonaire
Saba
Sint Eustatius
Defunct political parties
See also
External links
Notes and References
- [Dieter Nohlen]
- Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
- Web site: Wolfram Nordsieck. Parties and Elections in Europe. 8 June 2015.
- Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
- Book: Josep M. Colomer. Comparative European Politics. 24 July 2008. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-94609-1. 221f. Josep Colomer. 13 July 2013.
- Book: Pauwels, Teun. Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Routledge. 2014. 9781317653912. 117–118.
- Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=EUhMAQAAQBAJ |page=191 }} Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism]". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.
- Tjitske Akkerman. 2015. Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas. Patterns of Prejudice. 49. 1–2. 37–60. 10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023655. 144264153.
- Web site: Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) — Europe Politique. 13 August 2019. www.europe-politique.eu.
- [Rudy Andeweg|Andeweg, R.]
- Book: Sean Lusk. Rethinking Public Strategy. Nick Birks. Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. 978-1-137-37758-6. 168.
- Web site: 8 August 2015. CDA: partij van samenleving en van waarden. 27 December 2016. Reformatorisch Dagblad. nl.
- Book: Syuzanna Vasilyan. European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe. Council of Europe. 2009. 978-92-871-6478-0. Ditta Dolejšiová. 73. The integration crisis in the Netherlands: the causes and the new policy measures. Miguel Angel García López. https://books.google.com/books?id=tpMueuYB_eMC&pg=PA73.
- Book: Hans Vollaard. Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Gerrit Voerman. Nelleke van de Walle. Routledge. 2015. 978-1-317-50363-7. Donatella M. Viola. 171. The Netherlands. https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171.
- News: Bremmer. Ian. 13 September 2012. Going Dutch: The Netherlands' election results roll in. Foreign Policy. 29 June 2019.
- Book: José Magone. Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. 3 July 2013. Routledge. 978-1-136-93397-4. 533.
- Web site: 1 January 2014. European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English). 6 May 2014. European Science Foundation.
- Watkins. Susan. May–June 2005. Continental tremors. New Left Review. New Left Review. II. 33.
- "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008, retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
- Web site: Parties and Elections in Europe. Parties-and-elections.eu.
- Book: Jort Statema. The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European. Paul Aarts. Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies. Timo Behr. note on p. 237. Teija Tiilikainen. Teija Tiilikainen.
- Book: Rudy B. Andeweg. Governance and Politics of the Netherlands. Galen A. Irwin. Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. 4th. 74.
- Web site: 15 November 2016. Standpunten. 27 December 2016. Forum voor Democratie. nl.
- Web site: Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?. 10 May 2020. Al Jazeera.
- Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland. Tierolf. Bas. Drost. Lisanne. December 2018. Verwey-Jonker Instituut. 35. nl-NL. 978-90-5830-912-9. van Kapel. Maaike. 22 April 2019.
- Web site: 2009-07-02. Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament. 2014-03-20. EurActiv.
- Web site: Stagni. Federica. 6 December 2018. Time For Change: How Volt Wants To Fix Europe. 9 June 2019. Italics Magazine.
- News: 29 July 2016. A Pro-Immigrant Party Rises in the Netherlands. The New York Times.
- News: 6 February 2017. Ethnic minorities desert Labour, turn to Denk ahead of March vote. Dutch News.
- Web site: 10 November 2016. Verkiezingsprogramma 2017 – 2021. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227204211/http://stemlp.nl/verkiezingsprogramma-2017-2021/. 27 December 2016. 27 December 2016. Libertarische Partij. nl. dmy-all.
- Web site: 5 May 2016. Doelstellingen. 27 December 2016. Partij voor Mens en Spirit. nl.
- Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- Web site: Piratenpartij. 2010-04-13. Structuur. Structure. 2010-04-14. nl.
- Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- Web site: Frisian National Party Membership Survey.
