2020 Polish presidential election explained

Country:Poland
Type:presidential
Previous Election:2015 Polish presidential election
Previous Year:2015
Election Date:28 June 2020 (first round)
Turnout:64.51% (first round) 15.55pp
12.84pp
Next Election:2025 Polish presidential election
Next Year:2025
Nominee1:Andrzej Duda
Party1:Independent
Colour1:073A76
Popular Vote1:10,440,648
Percentage1:51.03%
Nominee2:Rafał Trzaskowski
Party2:Civic Coalition (Poland)
Popular Vote2:10,018,263
Percentage2:48.97%
President
Before Election:Andrzej Duda
Before Party:Independent politician
After Election:Andrzej Duda
After Party:Independent politician

Presidential elections were held in Poland on 28 June 2020. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on 12 July, in which incumbent president Andrzej Duda, running with the support of Law and Justice,[1] faced off against Civic Platform vice-chairman and Mayor of Warsaw Rafał Trzaskowski. In the second round Duda was re-elected for a second term with 51% of the vote, becoming the first incumbent to win re-election since Aleksander Kwaśniewski in 2000.

The first round of voting was due to be held on 10 May 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. On 6 May 2020 the Agreement party, which was in a governing alliance with the leading Law and Justice (PiS) party and was opposed to pursuing the original election date, reached an arrangement to set new dates for the election. The following day, the PKW declared that the election would not be able to take place on 10 May 2020. On 3 June 2020, the Marshal of the Sejm, Elżbieta Witek, ordered the first round of the election to be held on 28 June 2020 and scheduled the second round on 12 July 2020.[2] [3]

According to the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, the public broadcaster TVP "failed in its legal duty to provide balanced and impartial coverage" and "acted as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent".

Duda's victory marked the sixth national election in a row where the right-wing PiS party defeated the opposition centrist and center-left forces.[4]

Electoral system

The President of Poland is directly elected using a two-round system for a five-year term, with a two-term limit. Andrzej Duda's first term expired on 6 August 2020 when he reaffirmed his oath of office before the National Assembly, a joint session of the Sejm and Senate and began his second term.

Pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution, the president must be elected by an absolute majority of valid votes. If no candidate succeeds in passing this threshold in the first round, a second round of voting is held with the two candidates who received the largest shares of the vote.

In order to be registered to contest the election, a candidate must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on the day of the first round of the election, and have collected at least 100,000 voters' signatures by 10 June 2020 at midnight.[5]

Polls opened on election day at 07:00 CEST and closed at 21:00 CEST (UTC+2).[6]

COVID-19, election timing and controversy

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics. The election was originally scheduled for 10 May 2020, which caused extreme political controversy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many candidates,[7] constitutionalists[8] and even politicians from the ruling coalition[9] criticized the government's plan of holding the election as originally scheduled during the pandemic. As a compromise, the Agreement political party proposed lengthening the president's term by two years, which was supported by the Minister of Health, Łukasz Szumowski.[10] This was rejected by the opposition. The main opposition party, Civic Platform, wanted the election to be held in May 2021.[11] The ruling conservative party Law and Justice also wished to change the electoral rules[12] and to organize the election by postal voting only. Changing election rules less than six months prior to voting was ruled to be unconstitutional by the Constitutional Tribunal in 2011.[13] Voting only by post is considered unconstitutional by some including Polish Supreme Court in a non-binding opinion.[14] [15] [16]

Email requests by Poczta Polska for private data

At 02:26 early in the morning[17] [18] on 23 April, every Polish mayor and city council president[19] [20] received an anonymous, unsigned[21] e-mail from Poczta Polska (Polish Post) saying that they were required to deliver the private data of 30 million Polish citizens including their PESEL (national identification number), date of birth, address, and other private data in a .txt file format lacking any passwords or security.[22] Many Polish mayors and city council presidents,[23] lawyers, and other citizens[24] criticized the order to provide such private data, stating that the order violated the GDPR and Polish Law, since the legal act referred to in the email had no legal validity; it concerned a bill that was still undergoing legislative procedures. Citizens and other officials stated their intention to file a lawsuit to the prosecutor's office about the possibility of crimes being committed by the government-run Poczta Polska and by the politicians responsible for the regulation.

Electoral cards leakage

On 29 April 2020, 11 days before the planned election date, election candidate Stanisław Żółtek presented a copy of an electoral ballot at a press conference.[25] [26] The copies contained the names of all the candidates and other forms to be filled by voters. Żółtek said that he received the ballots from workers of one of the companies that was printing and preparing electoral documents. Poczta Polska notified the Internal Security Agency about the leak. As of 2 May 2020, Polish law did not authorise Poczta Polska to organise postal voting except in a small number of special cases.

Presidential election boycott

On 30 April 2020, three former Polish presidents and six prime ministers called for a boycott of 2020 presidential election, on the grounds that the election would be unconstitutional and could not guarantee the confidentiality of voters.[27] [28]

Election day change

On 6 May, Jarosław Gowin, the leader of Agreement, and Jarosław Kaczyński, the leader of Law and Justice struck an agreement to move the election.[29] The two parties had earlier been engaged in a political struggle over whether the election should proceed in May.[30]

On 7 May, the Sejm approved legislation for the election to be held via postal ballot.[31] The same day, PKW announced that "The current legal regulation deprived the National Electoral Commission of the instruments necessary to perform its duties. In connection with the above, the National Electoral Commission informs voters, election committees, candidates, election administration and local government units that voting on 10 May 2020 cannot take place."

The movement of the election day was met with support[32] [33] and opposition[34] [35] from both the "anti" and "pro" Law and Justice spheres of Polish politics. An opinion poll for Rzeczpospolita gauged public support for the Gowin-Kaczyński agreement at 43.5%, with 36.3% being against, and the rest undecided.[36]

Judgment of WSA court

On 15 September 2020, the Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw judged that the decision of Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki to hold the May elections exclusively through mail-in voting was "[a] gross violation of the law and was issued without [legal] grounds" and violated article 7 of the Polish Constitution, article 157, paragraph 1 and article 187, paragraph 1 and 2 of the Electoral Code.[37] The opposition demanded Morawiecki's resignation.[38]

Candidate selection

Law and Justice / United Right

Incumbent President Andrzej Duda was eligible to run for a second term. On 24 October 2019, in an open letter to the elected members of the Sejm and Senate, PiS chairman Jarosław Kaczyński announced that the party will strongly support Andrzej Duda in next year's presidential election.[39]

Civic Platform / Civic Coalition

See main article: 2019 Civic Platform presidential primary. Donald Tusk was widely expected to make a comeback in Polish politics and to run for President, all the more so given that his European office expired at the end of 2019.[40] [41] However, in November 2019, he announced he would not run for the Polish presidency, citing that he has "a bag of difficult, unpopular decisions since prime minister" that would burden his candidacy. He is said to have been advised against a run by private opinion polls. He decided to run instead for the leadership of the European People's Party.[42] As a result, party leader Grzegorz Schetyna decided to hold a convention in order to nominate a candidate for president. The primary was won by Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska.[43] [44]

Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska resigned her candidacy on 15 May 2020 under pressure of falling poll numbers and her own party.[45] [46] After this, Rafał Trzaskowski became the new candidate of the Civic Coalition.[47] He managed to receive over 1.6 million signatures, securing his eligibility to run in the election.[48] After receiving 30.46% of the vote in the first round he was defeated by the incumbent Andrzej Duda in the second round, winning 48.97% of the vote.

Ran, but withdrew before the election

Declared, but lost at the primary convention:

Declined:

Polish Coalition

In December 2019, PSL chairman Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz announced that he would be launching a campaign for president.[52]

Declined

The Left

At the beginning of January 2020, Włodzimierz Czarzasty said that The Left would nominate Robert Biedroń.[54]

Declined

Confederation Liberty and Independence

See main article: 2019–20 Confederation presidential primary. The party held an open primary, a first in Polish politics. The 2019–20 Confederation presidential primary was modeled after the primary voting model common in the United States. Krzysztof Bosak was nominated during the final round of voting held at the convention in Warsaw on 18 January.

Declared, but lost in the primary election: [56]

Rejected candidates

These following candidates made electoral comitties but failed to submit 100,000 signatures supporting their run by the 26 March deadline:[57]

Candidates

NameBornCampaignLast position/jobParty
data-sort-value="Biedroń, Robert"
Robert Biedroń
Rymanów, Subcarpathia		Leader of Spring (2019-2021)
Member of the European Parliament (2019–present)		style=background: Spring
data-sort-value="Bosak, Krzysztof"
Krzysztof Bosak
Zielona Góra, Lubusz		Member of the Sejm (2005–2007, 2019–)style=background: National Movement
data-sort-value="Duda, Andrzej"
Andrzej Duda
Kraków, Lesser Poland		President of Poland (2015–present)style=background: Independent
data-sort-value="Hołownia, Szymon"
Szymon Hołownia
Białystok, Podlaskie		Television personalitystyle=background: Independent
data-sort-value="Jakubiak, Marek"
Marek Jakubiak
Warsaw, Masovian		Leader of Federation for the Republic (2018-present)
Member of the Sejm (2015–2019)		style=background: Federation for the Republic
data-sort-value="Kosiniak-Kamysz, Władysław"
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
Kraków, Lesser Poland		Leader of Polish People's Party (2015-present)
Parliamentary Leader of Polish Coalition (2018-present)
Member of the Sejm (2015–present)		style=background: Polish People's Party
data-sort-value="Piotrowski, Mirosław"
Mirosław Piotrowski
Zielona Góra, Lubusz		Leader of Real Europe Movement (2018-present)
Member of the European Parliament (2004–2019)		style=background: Real Europe Movement
data-sort-value="Tanajno, Paweł"
Paweł Tanajno
Warsaw, Masovian		Entrepreneurstyle=background: Independent
data-sort-value="Trzaskowski, Rafał"
Rafał Trzaskowski
Warsaw, Masovian		Mayor of Warsaw (2018–present)style=background: Civic Platform
data-sort-value="Witkowski, Waldemar"
Waldemar Witkowski
Poznań, Greater Poland		Leader of Labour Union (2006-present)
Member of the Greater Poland Sejmik (2006-2023)		style=background: Labour Union
data-sort-value="Żółtek, Stanisław"
Stanisław Żółtek
Kraków, Lesser Poland		Leader of Congress of the New Right (2017-present)
Leader of PolExit (2019-present)
Member of the European Parliament (2014–2019)		style=background: Congress of the New Right
PolExit

Campaign

Debates

First round political debates

Second round political debates

Duda and Trzaskowski both refused to take part in debates at each other's preferred media outlet and a proposal from Duda[59] and supported by Trzaskowski[60] to hold a joint debate hosted by TVP, Polsat and TVN was rejected by TVP Director Jacek Kurski.[61]

Second round candidate endorsements

CandidateFirst roundEndorsement
Szymon Hołownia13.87%Rafał Trzaskowski[66]
Krzysztof Bosak6.78%No endorsement[67]
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz2.36%Rafał Trzaskowski[68]
Robert Biedroń2.22%Rafał Trzaskowski[69]
Stanisław Żółtek0.23%Against Duda[70]
Marek Jakubiak0.17%Andrzej Duda[71]
Waldemar Witkowski0.14%No endorsement[72]

Opinion polls

See main article: Opinion polling for the 2020 Polish presidential election.

Second round

Results

As there was no outright winner in the first round, the top two candidates - Andrzej Duda and Rafał Trzaskowski - advanced to the second round. Szymon Hołownia and Krzysztof Bosak placed third and fourth respectively. Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz and Robert Biedroń both underperformed expectations taking the fifth and sixth place.[73] [74]

In the second round, there was a close race between Duda and Trzaskowski. Duda had a slight lead in 9:00 pm exit polls which gave him 50.4% of the vote to Trzaskowski's 49.6%. This was within the 2% margin of error leading to the pollster Ipsos announcing the race to be too close to call.[75] Duda's vote share eventually amounted to 51.03%, securing his reelection.

By voivodeship

First round

VoivodeshipAndrzej Duda
Rafał Trzaskowski
Szymon Hołownia
Krzysztof Bosak
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
Robert Biedroń
Stanisław Żółtek
Marek Jakubiak
Paweł Tanajno
Waldemar Witkowski
Mirosław Piotrowski
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
Lower Silesian545,00138.21512,35735.92201,05014.0991,7936.4427,2101.9137,2452.613,5420.252,3230.162,3560.172,1630.151,3530.09
Kuyavian-Pomeranian380,19039.54322,96133.59148,59715.4656,5325.8824,2342.5222,2502.312,0830.221,3100.141,3090.141,0820.119120.09
Lublin591,23456.67201,57119.32108,98710.4583,4037.9931,7563.0417,0101.632,5610.252,0950.201,4300.141,0270.102,2680.22
Lubusz161,89434.19174,89436.9484,59017.8728,7436.079,5832.0210,4132.209130.196860.147560.165720.124050.09
Łódź589,18546.63363,20928.74163,29412.9277,7596.1531,2452.4729,0222.302,9010.232,1430.171,8240.141,7030.131,3220.10
Lesser Poland912,45251.11426,95023.92206,03411.54138,6037.7652,4832.9434,2301.925,0150.283,2170.182,1160.122,3710.131,7630.10
Masovian1,305,64940.711,099,95634.30408,50212.74209,0376.5272,6632.2781,7972.557,7060.247,1040.224,8500.156,1280.193,5130.11
Opole176,55240.46139,12531.8872,60916.6426,6616.1110,1462.338,0391.849190.217020.166220.145360.124400.10
Subcarpathian646,10360.69172,78916.23100,7429.4695,3508.9627,2872.5614,8021.392,3410.221,9470.181,1220.118750.081,2010.11
Podlaskie280,11350.59114,07620.6092,08816.6342,8237.7311,6812.118,7461.581,2990.231,0240.187470.135180.096020.11
Pomeranian397,16933.82453,00638.58189,39016.1372,9786.2222,4001.9130,1552.572,7160.231,7020.141,7950.151,6710.141,2100.10
Silesian913,42141.22693,19331.28341,16915.39157,0107.0842,6251.9250,8052.295,3990.243,5650.163,5350.163,0470.142,4290.11
Świętokrzyskie343,75256.02130,67021.2962,38310.1742,5446.9319,4943.1810,7281.751,2140.201,0180.176680.115550.096140.10
Warmian-Masurian253,93140.10208,92233.0093,59814.7842,3656.6915,6892.4814,0252.211,2610.201,0620.179590.157550.126250.10
Greater Poland666,53937.85595,80333.83293,10716.64106,3676.0444,1342.5141,2002.343,9320.222,5430.142,4980.143,2460.181,6980.10
West Pomeranian287,32835.38307,85837.91127,25715.6745,4125.5916,7352.0621,6622.671,6170.201,2110.151,3220.161,0410.137100.09
Poland8,450,51343.505,917,34030.462,693,39713.871,317,3806.78459,3652.36432,1292.2245,4190.2333,6520.1727,9090.1427,2900.1421,0650.11
Source: National Electoral Commission

Second round

VoivodeshipAndrzej Duda
Rafał Trzaskowski
Votes%Votes%
Lower Silesian663,83144.61824,10955.39
Kuyavian-Pomeranian476,72846.77542,47253.23
Lublin725,45366.31368,63033.69
Lubusz199,58940.20296,84959.80
Łódź718,40454.46600,67345.54
Lesser Poland1,107,59059.65749,16540.35
Masovian1,630,34647.741,784,94752.26
Opole215,64847.36239,68252.64
Subcarpathian785,64570.92322,13329.08
Podlaskie352,48960.14233,62139.86
Pomeranian512,91640.16764,36359.84
Silesian1,110,23348.991,155,89451.01
Świętokrzyskie419,36764.41231,74835.59
Warmian-Masurian325,72346.84369,73653.16
Greater Poland829,59045.071,011,12854.93
West Pomeranian367,09641.24523,11358.76
Poland10,440,64851.0310,018,26348.97
Source: National Electoral Commission

Electorate demographics

DemographicAndrzej DudaRafał Trzaskowski
Total vote51.0%49.0%
Sex
Men51.9%48.1%
Women50.3%49.7%
Age
18–29 years old36.3%63.7%
30–39 years old45.3%54.7%
40–49 years old45.6%54.4%
50–59 years old59.740.3%
60 or older62.5%37.5%
Occupation
Company owner34.1%65.9%
Manager/expert32.6%67.4%
Admin/services44.7%55.3%
Farmer81.4%18.6%
Worker66.4%33.6%
Student30.1%69.9%
Unemployed65.4%34.6%
Retired64.1%35.9%
Others50.6%49.4%
Agglomeration
Rural63.8%36.2%
<50,000 pop.46.9%53.1%
51,000 - 200,000 pop.49.6%50.4%
201,000 – 500,000 pop.38.7%61.3%
>500,000 pop.34.2%65.8%
Education
Elementary77.3%22.7%
Vocational75.0%25.0%
Secondary50.9%49.1%
Higher34.9%65.1%
Sejm vote in 2019
Law and Justice96.9%3.1%
Civic Coalition1.8%98.2%
The Left8.3%91.7%
Polish Coalition29.4%70.6%
Confederation40.0%60.0%
Others16.8%83.2%
Didn't vote38.3%61.7%
Don't remember40.1%59.9%
First-round president vote in 2020
Robert Biedroń16.0%84.0%
Krzysztof Bosak52.3%47.7%
Andrzej Duda99.1%0.9%
Szymon Hołownia15.0%85.0%
Marek Jakubiak65.9%34.1%
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz24.3%75.7%
Mirosław Piotrowski76.1%23.9%
Paweł Tanajno13.0%87.0%
Rafał Trzaskowski0.7%99.3%
Waldemar Witkowski10.8%89.2%
Stanisław Żółtek34.7%65.3%
Didn't vote49.8%50.2%
Don't remember39.2%60.8%
Second-round president vote in 2015
Andrzej Duda91.1%8.9%
Bronisław Komorowski4.4%95.6%
Didn't vote30.1%69.9%
Don't remember39.2%60.8%
Source: Ipsos[76]

Reactions

After voting had ended, Andrzej Duda invited Rafał Trzaskowski to the Presidential Palace to "shake hands" and "end the campaign". Trzaskowski rejected and said that they could meet after announcing the official election results.[77] The next day, Trzaskowski congratulated Duda on his victory.[78]

US President Donald Trump,[79] [80] President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen,[81] NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg,[82] Lega Nord leader and former Italian Minister of the Interior Matteo Salvini,[83] Lithuanian President Gitanas Nausėda,[83] UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson,[84] Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán,[85] [86] Czech President Miloš Zeman,[86] Slovak President Zuzana Čaputová,[82] and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky[87] congratulated Duda on his victory.

Observers viewed the election results as illustrating a divided Polish society. They also predicted that PiS would continue pursuing its policies in a number of areas and clashing with the EU.[86] [88] [89] [90] Duda performed strongest among older, rural, low educated and eastern voters.[91]

Elections challenged

The Civic Platform party challenged results of the elections to the Polish Supreme Court, alleging irregularities and biased coverage by the state television. The appeal includes complaints from 2,000 people, containing accusations of problems with voter registry, ballot papers not being sent in time as well as issues with voting abroad. The TVP public broadcaster did not broadcast a single meeting of Trzaskowski with voters.[92] [93] [94] Press.pl, a media-monitoring service, found that, between 3 and 16 June, nearly 97% of Wiadomości news stories devoted to Duda were positive while almost 87% of those on Trzaskowski were negative.[95]

The Supreme Court ruled the election valid,[96] stating that doubts about the television's honesty notwithstanding, TVP was not the only media source available for voters, and that voters were free to choose what media to watch.[97] [98]

Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights report

The OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights investigated the election and found that it was "administered professionally despite the lack of legal clarity." The ODIHR also reported that the presidential campaign "was characterized by negative and intolerant rhetoric further polarizing an already adversarial political environment. [...] the TVP [public broadcaster] failed in its legal duty to provide balanced and impartial coverage. Instead, it acted as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent and frequently portrayed his main challenger as a threat to Polish values and national interests. Some of the reporting was charged with xenophobic and anti-Semitic undertones."[99] [100]

Notes and References

  1. News: Strybel . Robert . Poland to elect next president on June 28. ampoleagle.com . 10 June 2020.
  2. Web site: Wybory prezydenckie odbędą się 28 czerwca - podała marszałek Sejmu. 2020-06-03. msn.com.
  3. News: 2 June 2020. Marszałek Sejmu Elżbieta Witek podała termin wyborów prezydenckich. TVN24.pl. Marszałek Sejmu Elżbieta Witek poinformowała w środę, że wybory prezydenckie w 2020 roku odbędą się 28 czerwca..
  4. News: A bitterly divided Poland narrowly reelects right-wing President Andrzej Duda . July 14, 2020. Anna Noryskiewicz.
  5. Web site: Wybory 2020 - kalendarz wyborczy. Dwa dni na zgłoszenie komitetu, 100 tys. podpisów w tydzień. 2020-06-08. gazetapl. 3 June 2020 . pl.
  6. Web site: Wybory Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 2020 r.. wybory.gov.pl.
  7. Web site: Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska: To nie jest czas na kampanię i wybory. 23 March 2020. onet.pl (polish). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220523221026/https://www.onet.pl/?srcc=ucs&pid=970a231f-9f46-4fa0-9dc0-8bd64f94fee5&sid=b177a2c9-166f-4113-9b28-185bbe554807. 23 May 2022. 18 April 2020.
  8. Web site: Prof. Chmaj: Dziś nie da się przeprowadzić wyborów bezpiecznych dla obywateli. 18 March 2020. wyborcza.pl (polish). live. https://archive.today/20200418200845/https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,25799457,prof-chmaj-dzis-nie-da-sie-przeprowadzic-wyborow-bezpiecznych.html. 18 April 2020. 18 April 2020.
  9. Web site: Spat over presidential election tests Poland's ruling coalition . Anna Koper . Marcin Goclowski . 3 April 2020 . . live . https://archive.today/20200418201256/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-poland-election/spat-over-presidential-election-tests-polands-ruling-coalition-idUSKBN21L0N7 . 18 April 2020 . 18 April 2020.
  10. Web site: Szumowski o przedłużeniu kadencji prezydenta: bardzo dobra propozycja. 2020-04-15. Onet Wiadomości. pl. 2020-04-20.
  11. News: Koalicja Obywatelska proponuje wybory prezydenckie za rok. TVN24. 2020-04-20.
  12. Web site: PiS pozbawił uprawnień PKW. Hermeliński: "To woła o pomstę do nieba". Mariusz Jałoszewski . Agata Szczęśniak. 17 April 2020. oko.press (polish). live. https://archive.today/20200418201936/https://oko.press/pis-pozbawil-uprawnien-pkw-hermelinski-to-wola-o-pomste-do-nieba/. 18 April 2020. 18 April 2020.
  13. Web site: Dziennik Ustaw 2011 r. nr 149, poz. 889. dziennikustaw.gov.pl.
  14. Web site: USTAWA z dnia 5 stycznia 2011 r. Kodeks wyborczy. 31 March 2020. sip.lex.pl. live. https://archive.today/20200418203531/https://sip.lex.pl/akty-prawne/dzu-dziennik-ustaw/kodeks-wyborczy-17679859. 18 April 2020. 18 April 2020.
  15. Web site: W. Hermeliński: Zmiany w Kodeksie Wyborczym można wprowadzać najpóźniej na 6 miesięcy przed wyborami. 29 March 2020. dziennikwschodni.pl. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200329170034/https://www.dziennikwschodni.pl/polityka/w-hermelinski-zmiany-w-kodeksie-wyborczym-mozna-wprowadzac-najpozniej-na-6-miesiecy-przed-wyborami,n,1000263466.html. 29 March 2020. 18 April 2020.
  16. Web site: Opinia Sądu Najwyższego na temat ustawy o szczególnych zasadach przeprowadzania wyborów powszechnych na Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej zarządzonych w 2020 r..
  17. News: (Tweet). O 2.26 przyszedł anonimowy e-mail o treści którą załączam poniżej. Składam zawiadomienie o możliwości popełnienia przestępstwa do prokuratury... Nie będę uczestniczyć w łamaniu prawa!. 23 April 2020. Twitter. https://archive.today/20200423195255/https://twitter.com/Dulkiewicz_A/status/1253285540625100800. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  18. News: (Tweet). W środku nocy o godz. 2:26 otrzymaliśmy maila z podpisem "Poczta Polska" z wnioskiem o udostępnienie danych blisko 170 tys. Sosnowiczan. Zgłaszam sprawę do Prokuratory czy nie mamy do czynienia z próbą wyłudzenia danych osobowych.. 23 April 2020. Twitter. https://archive.today/20200423195010/https://twitter.com/ChecinskiPrez/status/1253281702266449920. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  19. News: "Od rana naradzamy się, co z tym zrobić", "kieruję sprawę do prokuratury". Samorządy o mailach od Poczty Polskiej. 23 April 2020. TVN24 (polish media). https://archive.today/20200423201507/https://tvn24.pl/wybory-prezydenckie-2020/wybory-prezydenckie-2020-samorzady-o-mailach-od-poczty-polskiej-zapowiadaja-zawiadomienia-do-prokuratury-4563882. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  20. News: (Tweet). Jeżeli nadawcą tych maili, wysłanych o 2 w nocy do burmistrzów i prezydentów miast, rzeczywiście jest #PocztaPolska, a nie hakerzy próbujący wyłudzić dane milionów Polaków, to mówienie o państwie z tektury jest eufemizmem. To jest po prostu skandal!. 23 April 2020. Twitter. https://archive.today/20200423203743/https://twitter.com/jacek_jaskowiak/status/1253329834937212928/photo/1. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  21. News: Truskolaski: Nie znam takiej osoby, która nazywałaby się Poczta Polska. 23 April 2020. Twitter. https://archive.today/20200423203401/https://dorzeczy.pl/kraj/137645/truskolaski-nie-znam-takiej-osoby-ktora-nazywalaby-sie-poczta-polska.html. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  22. News: Poczta Polska poprosiła gminy o listę nazwisk, adresów i numerów PESEL 30 milionów Polaków w plikach *.txt . 23 April 2020 . Twitter . https://archive.today/20200423204412/https://bezprawnik.pl/wakacje-w-czasie-pandemii . live . 23 April 2020 . 23 April 2020 .
  23. News: Komunikat ZMP. 23 April 2020. Twitter. https://archive.today/20200423200233/http://www.miasta.pl/aktualnosci/komunikat-zmp-a5678f5f-236a-4c2b-80d4-800876085530. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  24. News: Coraz rzadziej tu piszę o polityce i prawie, bo ludzie jedynie się wkurzają, przestają być dla siebie mili. Ale dziś warto..... 23 April 2020. Twitter. https://archive.today/20200423204022/https://www.facebook.com/aswalt/posts/10222148160041395. live. 23 April 2020. 23 April 2020.
  25. News: Patryk Michalski. 30 April 2020. Wyciekł pakiet do głosowania w wyborach kopertowych. Poczta Polska zawiadomiła ABW.. live. https://archive.today/20200502095153/https://www.rmf24.pl/raporty/raport-wybory-prezydenckie2020/najnowsze-fakty/news-wyciekl-pakiet-do-glosowania-w-wyborach-kopertowych-poczta-p,nId,4469329. 2 May 2020. 2 May 2020.
  26. News: Agnieszka Kublik . Wojciech Czuchnowski. 30 April 2020. Wyciek kart do głosowania to prawdziwa kompromitacja pseudowyborów. live. https://archive.today/20200502095506/https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,25911286,wyciek-kart-do-glosowania-to-prawdziwa-kompromitacja-pseudowyborow.html. 2 May 2020. 2 May 2020.
  27. News: Joanna Plucinska. 30 April 2020. Former Polish Presidents, PMs Call for Presidential Election Boycott. nytimes.pl. 2 May 2020.
  28. Web site: Wybory 2020. Byli prezydenci i premierzy zapowiedzieli bojkot majowych wyborów korespondencyjnych . Dziennik Bałtycki . 2020-04-30 . 2020-05-15.
  29. Web site: Nie będzie rozłamu w Zjednoczonej Prawicy. Oświadczenie Gowina i Kaczyńskiego. msn.com. 2020-05-06.
  30. Web site: Jak zagłosuje Porozumienie? Gowin spotkał się z Kaczyńskim, rozłam wśród posłów. msn.com. 2020-05-06.
  31. News: Goclowski . Marcin . Polish parliament approves postal vote for presidential election . https://web.archive.org/web/20200515041147/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-poland-election-date/polish-parliament-approves-postal-vote-for-presidential-election-idUKKBN22J0OI . dead . 15 May 2020 . Reuters . 7 May 2020.
  32. Web site: Jestem pod dużym wrażeniem @Jaroslaw_Gowin. Nie wiem, czy kiedykolwiek ktoś zmusił Jarosława Kaczyńskiego do ustąpienia w tak zasadniczej dla niego sprawie. Żarty z prezesa Porozumienia są dziś akurat nie na miejscu. Dzięki niemu uniknęliśmy #koronawybory.. Bilewicz. Michał. 2020-05-06. @Michal_Bilewicz. pl. 2020-05-10.
  33. Web site: Piotr Zaremba: Sprzeciwiając się majowym wyborom, @Jaroslaw_Gowin wrócił do korzeni. Do postrzegania Polski jako wspólnoty, w której przynajmniej próbuje się negocjować racje stron.. Rzeczpospolita. 2020-05-08. pl. 2020-05-10.
  34. Web site: Emocjonalna konferencja Czarzastego. "Tak kończą się marzenia". 2020-05-07. Do Rzeczy. pl. 2020-05-10.
  35. Web site: Wpolityce.pl. 2020-05-10.
  36. Web site: Sondaż: Wyborcy PiS cieszą się z kompromisu. Partyjne jastrzębie - nie. rp.pl. pl. 2020-05-10.
  37. News: Sąd uchylił decyzję premiera w sprawie wyborów kopertowych. "Rażąco narusza prawo, wydana bezpodstawnie". 15 September 2020. tvn24.pl. https://archive.today/20200915093345/https://tvn24.pl/polska/wybory-10-maja-2020-decyzja-premiera-mateusza-morawieckiego-niewazna-wyrok-wojewodzkiego-sadu-administracyjnego-4692620. live. 15 September 2020. 15 September 2020.
  38. News: "Oczekujemy dymisji premiera". Opozycja po wyroku ws. wyborów 10 maja. 15 September 2020. polsatnews.pl. https://archive.today/20200915130733/https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2020-09-15/oczekujemy-dymisji-premiera-opozycja-po-wyroku-ws-wyborow-10-maja/?ref=aside_najnowsze. live. 15 September 2020. 15 September 2020.
  39. Web site: Kaczyński: Zwycięstwo w wyborach trzeba przypieczętować reelekcją Andrzeja Dudy. Kaczyński

    Victory in the elections must be sealed with the re-election of Andrzej Duda

    . wiadomosci.wp.pl. 29 October 2019. 24 October 2019.
  40. Web site: Wybory prezydenckie w 2020 r. Czy Donald Tusk ma szansę wygrać?. Will Donald Tusk have a chance to win the 2020 presidential elections?. Parlamentarny.pl. 28 March 2017. 29 December 2015.
  41. News: Schetyna: Marzy mi się, żeby Donald Tusk był kandydatem na prezydenta koalicji rządzącej. 2017-04-26. wprost.pl. 2017-10-07. "Schetyna: I dream of Donald Tusk being the ruling coalition's presidential candidate".
  42. Web site: Donald Tusk elected president of European People's Party. de La Baume. Maïa . 2019-11-20. POLITICO. 2019-11-28.
  43. Web site: Civic Platform's Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska confirms her 2020 presidential bid. TVN24.pl. 2019-11-28.
  44. Web site: Znamy kandydata PO na prezydenta. Do pojedynku z Andrzejem Dudą stanie Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska. gazetapl. 14 December 2019 . pl. 2019-12-14.
  45. Web site: Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska rezygnuje ze startu w wyborach prezydenckich. rmf24.pl. pl. 2020-05-15.
  46. Web site: Oficjalnie: Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska rezygnuje z udziału w wyborach prezydenckich Tysol.pl. tysol.pl. 15 May 2020 . pl. 2020-05-15.
  47. Web site: Warsaw mayor is opposition candidate for Poland's president . Scislowska . Monika . . 2020-05-15 . Alton Telegraph . https://web.archive.org/web/20200530192437/https://www.thetelegraph.com/news/article/Main-opposition-candidate-leaves-Poland-s-15271866.php . 2020-05-15. 30 May 2020 .
  48. News: 2020-06-09 . Signatures pour in for Polish presidential challenger . Reuters . 2020-06-19.
  49. Web site: Mayor of Poznań Jacek Jaśkowiak to run in Civic Coalition presidential preliminaries. TVN24.pl. 2019-11-28.
  50. Web site: Prawybory prezydenckie w PO. Radosław Sikorski nie wystartuje. PolskieRadio24.pl. 2019-11-28. Presidential primaries in PO. Radosław Sikorski is not going to run .
  51. Web site: Bartosz Arłukowicz nie wystartuje w prawyborach. fakty.interia.pl. pl. 2019-11-28. Bartosz Arłukowicz is not going to run in primaries .
  52. Web site: Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz walczy o urząd prezydenta. Ruszył z prekampanią. Mieśnik. Magda. 2019-12-14. wiadomosci.wp.pl. pl. 2019-12-15.
  53. Web site: Wybory prezydenckie 2020. PaweĹ' Kukiz ma kandydata na prezydenta. Ale stawia warunek . WP WiadomoĹ›ci . 2020-01-07 . 2020-05-15.
  54. Web site: Czarzasty: Zgłoszę Biedronia na kandydata w wyborach prezydenckich. Newsweek.pl. 5 January 2020 . pl. 2020-01-05.
  55. Web site: Zandberg wyjaśnił, dlaczego nie startuje w wyborach prezydenckich . Wprost.pl . 2020-01-16 . 2020-05-15.
  56. Web site: Braun, Bosak, Korwin-Mikke. Konfederacja ogłosiła kandydatów na kandydatów na prezydenta.. Braun, Bosak, Korwin-Mikke. Confederation announced presidential primary candidates.. rp.pl. 30 October 2019.
  57. News: Wykaz zawiadomień o utworzeniu komitetu wyborczego oraz zawiadomień o uczestnictwie . pl. 10 March 2023 . pkw.gov.pl.
  58. Web site: Już dziś debata prezydencka w Telewizji Polskiej. 2020-07-13. tvp.info. 6 May 2020 . pl.
  59. Web site: Duda nie chce wziąć udziału w debacie w TVN. Z nową propozycją wychodzi Polsat. 2020-07-08. naTemat.pl. PL-pl.
  60. Web site: 2020-07-06. Polsat i TVN chętne na wspólną debatę. "Apeluję do prezydenta, by namówił też Jacka Kurskiego". 2020-07-08. Bankier.pl. pl.
  61. Web site: Nie będzie debaty między Dudą a Trzaskowskim. wiadomosci.onet.pl. 7 July 2020 .
  62. Web site: 2020-07-01. Co z debatą TVN i innych redakcji? Jest oficjalna decyzja. 2020-07-01. Wprost. pl.
  63. Web site: "Arena prezydencka" z Rafałem Trzaskowskim. Obydwie debaty w Polsat News [TRANSMISJA] - Polsat News]. 2020-07-06. polsatnews.pl. 6 July 2020 . pl.
  64. Web site: Będą dwie debaty. Duda w Końskich, Trzaskowski w Lesznie - Polsat News. 2020-07-06. polsatnews.pl. 6 July 2020 . pl.
  65. News: Trzaskowski wyzywa Dudę na kolejną debatę. Nie pójdzie do TVP. "Ustawka. W wiecu nie będę brał udziału". Na liście zaproszonych są m.in. TVN, Polsat, TVP, Onet, WP.pl, PAP, Radio Zet, RMF RM, TOK FM, "Rzeczpospolita", "Gazeta Wyborcza", "Do Rzeczy", TV Trwam, "Najwyższy Czas", wPolityce.pl.. 5 July 2020. gazeta.pl .
  66. News: 2020-07-01 . Hołownia: W II turze będę głosował na Trzaskowskiego, ale bez przyjemności . 2024-11-12.
  67. News: 2020-06-30 . Kogo poprze Bosak w II turze? "Wybór między jawnym wrogiem, a fałszywym przyjacielem". 2024-11-12.
  68. News: 2020-07-09 . Kosiniak-Kamysz zagłosuje na Trzaskowskiego. "Moi wyborcy mają swój rozum". 2024-11-12.
  69. News: 2020-06-29 . Biedroń poparł Trzaskowskiego, ludzie Hołowni prowadzą rozmowy . 2024-11-12.
  70. News: 2020-06-28 . Stanisław Żółtek: z Dudą mogę napić się wódki, ale na pewno na niego nie zagłosuję . 2024-11-12.
  71. News: 2020-07-09 . Jakubiak namawia swoich wyborców, by w drugiej turze poparli Dudę . 2024-11-12.
  72. News: 2020-07-08 . Waldemar Witkowski, były kandydat na prezydenta Polski: W drugiej turze nie udzielam poparcia żadnemu z kandydatów . 2024-11-12.
  73. Web site: WPROST.pl. Bojakowski. Jakub. 2020-06-28. Robert Biedroń z fatalnym wynikiem. Kandydat Lewicy komentuje wynik wyborczy. 2020-07-13. Wprost. pl.
  74. Web site: 2020-06-29. Wyniki pierwszej tury wyborów. Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz nie kryje rozczarowania. 2020-07-13. o2.pl. pl.
  75. Web site: Kołodziejczyk. Bartosz. 2020-07-12. Wyniki wyborów prezydenckich 2020. Pierwsze komentarze po II turze wyborów. 2020-07-13. wiadomosci.wp.pl. pl.
  76. Web site: Sondażowe wyniki wyborów. 23 October 2024.
  77. Web site: Duda zaprasza do Pałacu Prezydenckiego. Trzaskowski: to dobry pomysł, ale nie dziś . 2020-07-13 . TVN24. 12 July 2020 .
  78. Prawie 10 mln głosów. Za wszystkie i za każdy z osobna serdecznie dziękuję. Dziękuję też za niesamowitą energię, jaką wspólnie udało nam się wyzwolić przez tych kilka tygodni. Jeszcze będzie przepięknie! Gratuluję wygranej @AndrzejDuda Oby ta kadencja była rzeczywiście inna.. trzaskowski_ . 1282646136583606272 . 13 July 2020 . 2020-07-13 . Twitter.
  79. realdonaldtrump. Donald J.. Trump. 1282814301452095489. Congratulations to my friend President @AndrzejDuda of Poland on his historic re-election!. 2020-07-13. 2020-07-13.
  80. News: Trump congratulates Polish President Duda's 'historic' re-election. Reuters . 13 July 2020. www.reuters.com.
  81. Congratulations to @AndrzejDuda for his reelection as President of Poland and look forward to working with him on the many challenges Europe and Poland have to face together. . vonderleyen . 1282686488812060673 . 13 July 2020 . 2020-07-13 . Twitter.
  82. Web site: Foreign leaders congratulate President Duda on reelection . 14 July 2020.
  83. Congratulations to my friend @AndrzejDuda on winning the Polish presidential election for the second term! I wish you strength & success. Looking forward to continuing & close cooperation in security, defence and implementing regional infrastructure projects. . gitanasnauseda . 1282601506810847233 . 13 July 2020 . 2020-07-13 . Twitter.
  84. Congratulations to @AndrzejDuda on your re-election as President of Poland. The UK and Poland have a long, shared history and friendship in Europe, NATO and elsewhere. I look forward to that continuing as we face the challenges and opportunities ahead. . borisjohnson . 1282745041593806855 . 13 July 2020 . 2020-07-13 . Twitter.
  85. News: Hungarian government congratulates Duda on Polish election victory. Reuters . 13 July 2020. www.reuters.com.
  86. Web site: Polish president wins 2nd term after bitter campaign. 13 July 2020. AP NEWS.
  87. Щиро вітаю пана Президента @AndrzejDuda з перемогою на виборах! Бажаю Польщі під Вашим керівництвом подальших успіхів і процвітання. Запрошую Вас відвідати Україну з візитом для продовження нашої плідної співпраці. Разом ми сильніші! . zelenskyyua . 1282568060709343232 . 13 July 2020 . 2020-07-13 . Twitter.
  88. Web site: Plucinska . Joanna . Goclowski . Marcin . Polish conservative Duda re-elected president, deeper EU rifts likely . 13 July 2020 . . 14 July 2020.
  89. Web site: Wanat . Zosia . 4 takeaways from Duda's reelection as Polish president . 13 July 2020 . . 14 July 2020.
  90. Web site: Wanat . Zosia . Poland's Duda secures another 5 years as president . 13 July 2020 . . 14 July 2020.
  91. Web site: Hirsch . Cornelius . Poland's presidential election – by the numbers . 14 July 2020 . . 14 July 2020.
  92. News: 4 July 2020. (Tweet). Twitter. live. https://archive.today/20200707131930/https://twitter.com/r_klonowski/status/1279406256214720513. 7 July 2020. Trzy telewizje informacyjne. Dwóch kandydatów. Transmisje. Cześć 2. 3 August 2020.
  93. News: 10 July 2020. (Tweet). Twitter. live. https://archive.today/20200803173714/https://twitter.com/r_klonowski/status/1281577026420461570. 3 August 2020. Trzy telewizje informacyjne. Dwóch kandydatów. Transmisje. Część 9. 3 August 2020.
  94. News: 10 July 2020. (Tweet). Twitter. live. https://archive.today/20200803173653/https://twitter.com/r_klonowski/status/1281668661523120128. 3 August 2020. 7 dni. 37 przykładów (kilka mi umknęło). @PolsatNewsPL i @tvn24 transmitowały wszystkie wystąpienia obu kandydatów. @tvp_info też wszystkie. Ale tylko jednego. Drugiego żadnego. Przekaz @WiadomosciTVP pomijam. A wybory już w niedzielę. Do zobaczenia przy urnach. Dobrego weekendu.. 3 August 2020.
  95. News: 19 July 2020. press.pl. press.pl. live. https://archive.today/20200803174751/https://www.press.pl/tresc/62151,_wiadomosci_-tvp-o-rafale-trzaskowskim-tylko-negatywnie. 3 August 2020. "Wiadomości" o Trzaskowskim źle albo wcale. 3 August 2020.
  96. Web site: Jest decyzja Sądu Najwyższego ws. ważności wyborów prezydenckich. 2020-08-03. msn.com.
  97. Web site: Ponad 4 tys. protestów wyborczych ws. TVP bez dalszego biegu. "Nie spełniły warunków". 2020-08-03. gazetapl. 31 July 2020 . pl.
  98. Web site: Deja. Maciej. 2020-07-31. Sąd Najwyższy. 4086 protestów wyborczych ws. stronniczości TVP bez dalszego biegu. 2020-08-03. wiadomosci.wp.pl. pl.
  99. Republic of Poland –Presidential Election, 28 June 2020 Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions. ODIHR Special Election Assessment Mission. 29 June 2020.
  100. News: Pronczuk . Monika . Poland's Supreme Court Declares Presidential Election Valid . 31 August 2020 . The New York Times . 3 August 2020.

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