| Subcarpathian Voivodeship | |
| Native Name: | Województwo podkarpackie |
| Settlement Type: | Voivodeship |
| Image Blank Emblem: | Subcarpathian_Voivodeship_Logo.png |
| Blank Emblem Type: | Brandmark |
| Image Map1: | Podkarpackie Voivodeship administrative map.svg |
| Map Caption1: | Administrative map |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Rzeszów |
| Parts Type: | Counties |
| Parts: | 4 cities, 21 land counties * |
| P1: | Krosno |
| P2: | Przemyśl |
| P3: | Rzeszów |
| P4: | Tarnobrzeg |
| P5: | Bieszczady County |
| P6: | Brzozów County |
| P7: | Dębica County |
| P8: | Jarosław County |
| P9: | Jasło County |
| P10: | Kolbuszowa County |
| P11: | Krosno County |
| P12: | Łańcut County |
| P13: | Lesko County |
| P14: | Leżajsk County |
| P15: | Lubaczów County |
| P16: | Mielec County |
| P17: | Nisko County |
| P18: | Przemyśl County |
| P19: | Przeworsk County |
| P20: | Ropczyce-Sędziszów County |
| P21: | Rzeszów County |
| P22: | Sanok County |
| P23: | Stalowa Wola County |
| P24: | Strzyżów County |
| P25: | Tarnobrzeg County |
| Governing Body: | Executive board |
| Leader Title1: | Voivode |
| Leader Name1: | Teresa Kubas-Hul (PO) |
| Leader Title2: | Marshal |
| Leader Name2: | Władysław Ortyl (PiS) |
| Leader Title3: | EP |
| Leader Name3: | Subcarpathian constituency |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Rzeszów |
| Coordinates: | 50.0336°N 22.0047°W |
| Area Total Km2: | 17844 |
| Total Type: | Total |
| Population Total: | 2127462 |
| Population As Of: | 2019 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 880947 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Rural |
| Population Blank1: | 1246515 |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Demographics Type1: | GDP |
| Demographics1 Footnotes: | [1] |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Total |
| Demographics1 Info1: | €22.069 billion |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics1 Info2: | €10,600 |
| Blank Name Sec2: | HDI (2021) |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 0.868[2] · 9th |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Primary airport |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport |
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Highways |
| Iso Code: | PL-18 |
| Registration Plate: | R |
| Website: | https://rzeszow.uw.gov.pl/ |
| Footnotes: |
|
Subcarpathian Voivodeship is a voivodeship, or province, in the southeastern corner of Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów. Along with the Marshal, it is governed by the Subcarpathian Regional Assembly.
The name derives from the region's location near the Carpathian Mountains, and the voivodeship comprises areas of two historic regions of Central Europe—Lesser Poland (western and northwestern counties) and Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia.
It is bordered by Lesser Poland Voivodeship to the west, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the north-west, Lublin Voivodeship to the north, Ukraine (Lviv Oblast and Zakarpattia Oblast) to the east and Slovakia (Prešov Region) to the south. It covers an area of 17844km2, and has a population of 2,127,462 (as at 2019). The voivodeship is mostly hilly or mountainous (see Bieszczady, Beskidy); its northwestern corner is flat. It is one of the most wooded Polish voivodeships (35.9% of total area), within its borders there is whole Bieszczady National Park, and parts of Magura National Park.
In the Early Middle Ages, the territory was inhabited by the Vistulans and Lendians, old Polish tribes. It formed part of Poland since its first historic ruler Mieszko I, however, later on, at various times, portions of the region fell under the Kievan Rus', the Golden Horde, and the Kingdom of Hungary, before Poland regained full control in the 14th century. Following the Partitions of Poland the entire region was annexed by Austria and included within the newly established Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The oldest cities in the province, with over 1,000 years of history, are Przemyśl and Sanok. Rzeszów, Łańcut and Tarnobrzeg, with their castles and palaces, were important residential cities of the powerful Polish magnate families of Lubomirski, Potocki and Tarnowski.
During the interwar period (1918–1939), territory of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship was part of the Lwów Voivodeship and belonged to "Poland B", the less-developed, more rural parts of Poland. To boost the local economy, the government of the Second Polish Republic began in the mid-1930s a massive program of industrialization, known as the Central Industrial Region. The program created several major armament factories, including PZL Mielec, PZL Rzeszów, Huta Stalowa Wola, and factories in other Subcarpathian towns such as Dębica, Nowa Dęba, Sanok, Tarnobrzeg and Nowa Sarzyna.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, most of the current province was occupied by Nazi Germany with the eastern outskirts occupied by the Soviet Union, and the city of Przemyśl divided between the occupiers until 1941, and then the entire region occupied by Germany until 1944.
Following the Soviet annexation of the regional capital of Lwów, Rzeszów was chosen as the new regional capital and the Rzeszów Voivodeship was founded.
The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Krosno and (partially) Tarnów and Tarnobrzeg Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local-government reforms adopted in 1998.
See main article: Subcarpathian Voivodeship Sejmik. Subcarpathian Voivodeship's government powers are shared between the voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly), and the marshal.
The voivodeship contains 6 cities and 45 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures as of 2019)[3]
Subcarpathian Voivodeship is divided into 25 counties (powiats): 4 city counties and 21 land counties. These are further divided into 160 gminas.
The counties are listed in the following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population).
| English and Polish names | Area | Population (2019) | Seat | Other towns | Total gminas | |
| km2 | ||||||
| City counties | ||||||
| Rzeszów | 77km2 | 194,886 | 1 | |||
| Przemyśl | 44km2 | 60,999 | 1 | |||
| Tarnobrzeg | 86km2 | 46,907 | 1 | |||
| Krosno | 43km2 | 46,369 | 1 | |||
| Land counties | ||||||
| Rzeszów County powiat rzeszowski | 471km2 | 168,614 | Rzeszów * | Boguchwała, Głogów Małopolski, Sokołów Małopolski, Błażowa, Tyczyn | 14 | |
| Mielec County powiat mielecki | 880km2 | 136,591 | Mielec | Radomyśl Wielki, Przecław | 10 | |
| Dębica County powiat dębicki | 776km2 | 135,348 | Dębica | Pilzno, Brzostek | 7 | |
| Jarosław County powiat jarosławski | 1029km2 | 120,462 | Jarosław | Radymno, Pruchnik | 11 | |
| Jasło County powiat jasielski | 830km2 | 113,730 | Jasło | Kołaczyce | 10 | |
| Krosno County powiat krośnieński | 924km2 | 112,301 | Krosno * | Jedlicze, Rymanów, Dukla, Iwonicz-Zdrój | 10 | |
| Stalowa Wola County powiat stalowowolski | 833km2 | 106,272 | Stalowa Wola | Zaklików | 6 | |
| Sanok County powiat sanocki | 1225km2 | 94,473 | Sanok | Zagórz | 8 | |
| Łańcut County powiat łańcucki | 452km2 | 80,898 | Łańcut | 7 | ||
| Przeworsk County powiat przeworski | 698km2 | 78,354 | Przeworsk | Kańczuga, Sieniawa, Jawornik Polski | 9 | |
| Ropczyce-Sędziszów County powiat ropczycko-sędziszowski | 549km2 | 74,416 | Ropczyce | Sędziszów Małopolski | 5 | |
| Przemyśl County powiat przemyski | 1214km2 | 74,234 | Przemyśl * | Dubiecko, Bircza | 10 | |
| Leżajsk County powiat leżajski | 583km2 | 69,479 | Leżajsk | Nowa Sarzyna | 5 | |
| Nisko County powiat niżański | 786km2 | 66,699 | Nisko | Rudnik nad Sanem, Ulanów | 7 | |
| Brzozów County powiat brzozowski | 540km2 | 65,652 | Brzozów | 6 | ||
| Kolbuszowa County powiat kolbuszowski | 774km2 | 62,389 | Kolbuszowa | 6 | ||
| Strzyżów County powiat strzyżowski | 503km2 | 61,505 | Strzyżów | 5 | ||
| Lubaczów County powiat lubaczowski | 1308km2 | 55,438 | Lubaczów | Oleszyce, Narol, Cieszanów | 8 | |
| Tarnobrzeg County powiat tarnobrzeski | 520km2 | 53,115 | Tarnobrzeg * | Nowa Dęba, Baranów Sandomierski | 4 | |
| Lesko County powiat leski | 835km2 | 26,532 | Lesko | 5 | ||
| Bieszczady County powiat bieszczadzki | 1138km2 | 21,799 | Ustrzyki Dolne | 3 | ||
| ||||||
Protected areas in Subcarpathian Voivodeship include two national parks and 11 Landscape Parks. These are listed below.
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 19.4 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 3.9% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 15,100 euros or 50% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 59% of the EU average. Podkarpackie Voivodship is the province with the third lowest GDP per capita in Poland.[4]
The Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport is the province's international airport.
The A4 and S19 highways pass through the province, with the S74 also planned for construction.
Population according to 2002 census[5]
There are three UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the voivodeship:
There are seven Historic Monuments of Poland in the voivodeship:
Other preserved historic old towns include Krosno, nicknamed "Little Kraków", Jarosław, Rzeszów, Sanok. In Jarosław, Przemyśl and Rzeszów there are underground tourist routes in historic cellars under the old town market squares. There are numerous castles and palaces in the province, including the Royal Castles in Przemyśl and Sanok, and former noble castles and palaces in Baranów Sandomierski, Dukla, Rzeszów, Tarnobrzeg and Tyczyn.
There are five spa towns: Horyniec-Zdrój, Iwonicz-Zdrój, Polańczyk, Rymanów-Zdrój, Solina.
There are several museums, including the National Museum in Przemyśl and Regional Museum in Rzeszów. The more unique museums include the Museum of Folk Architecture in Sanok, Markowa Ulma-Family Museum of Poles Who Saved Jews in World War II, Museum of Oil and Gas Industry at the location of the world's oldest oil field in Bóbrka, and Museum of the Polish Sulfur Industry in Tarnobrzeg.
There are several monuments and memorials to inventor Ignacy Łukasiewicz, pioneer of the global oil industry, in places where he studied and worked, including Bóbrka, Krosno, Łańcut, Jasło and Rzeszów. There are memorials to the Hungarian Renaissance poet Bálint Balassi in Odrzykoń, Nowy Żmigród and Rymanów, where he stayed at various times.[13]
In addition to traditional nationwide Polish cuisine, Subcarpathian Voivodeship is known for its variety of regional and local traditional foods, which include especially various cheeses, meat products (incl. various types of kiełbasa, bacon and salceson), cakes, honeys and various dishes and meals, officially protected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland. There are local types of pierogi, gołąbki, barszcz and other soups.
Motorcycle speedway, volleyball, ice hockey and football enjoy the largest following in the province. Resovia and Stal Rzeszów contest the Rzeszów Derby, one of the fiercest and most contested in Poland, with over 90 games (as of May 2024).
| + Professional sports teams | ||||
| Club | Sport | League | Trophies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resovia | Volleyball (men's) | PlusLiga | 7 Polish Championships 3 Polish Cups (1975, 1983, 1987) 1 CEV Cup (2024) | |
| Rysice Rzeszów | Volleyball (women's) | Tauron Liga | 1 Polish Cup (2022) | |
| KPSK Stal Mielec | Volleyball (women's) | Tauron Liga | 0 | |
| Karpaty Krosno | Volleyball (women's) | I liga | 0 | |
| San Jarosław | Volleyball (women's) | I liga | 0 | |
| Stal Rzeszów | Speedway | I liga | 2 Polish Championships (1960, 1961) | |
| Wilki Krosno | Speedway | I liga | 0 | |
| STS Sanok | Ice hockey | Polska Hokej Liga | 2 Polish Championships (2012, 2014) 2 Polish Cups (2010, 2011) | |
| Stal Mielec | Football (men's) | Ekstraklasa | 2 Polish Championships (1973, 1976) | |
| Resovia | Football (men's) | II liga | 0 | |
| Stal Rzeszów | Football (men's) | I liga | 1 Polish Cup (1975) | |
| Stal Stalowa Wola | Football (men's) | I liga | 0 | |
| Siarka Tarnobrzeg | Football (men's) | III liga | 0 | |
| Resovia | Football (women's) | Ekstraliga | 0 | |
| Sokół Łańcut | Basketball (men's) | I Liga | 0 | |
| Miasto Szkła Krosno | Basketball (men's) | I Liga | 0 | |
| Resovia | Basketball (men's) | I Liga | 1 Polish Championship (1975) 1 Polish Cup (1974) | |
| Niedźwiadki Przemyśl | Basketball (men's) | I Liga | 0 | |
| JKS Jarosław | Handball (women's) | Superliga | 0 | |
| Stal Mielec | Handball (men's) | Liga Centralna | 1 Polish Cup (1971) | |
| Eurobus Przemyśl | Futsal (men's) | Ekstraklasa | 0 |