Pohang Explained

Pohang
Native Name:Korean: 포항시
Settlement Type:Specific city
Translit Lang1:Korean
Translit Lang1 Type1:Hangul
Translit Lang1 Info1:Korean: 포항시
Translit Lang1 Type2:Hanja
Translit Lang1 Info2:Korean: {{linktext|浦|項|市
Translit Lang1 Info3:Pohang-si
Translit Lang1 Info4:P'ohang-si
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:South Korea
Subdivision Type1:Region
Subdivision Name1:Yeongnam
Population Blank1 Title:Dialect
Population Blank1:Gyeongsang
Area Total Km2:1,128.76
Population As Of:November, 2022
Population Total:499,363
Population Density Km2:442.40
Population Demonym:Pohangite
Parts Type:Administrative divisions
Parts:2 gu, 15 dong, 4 eup, 10 myeon
Area Code:+82-54-2xx
Blank Emblem Type:Emblem of Pohang
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Lee Kang-deok (People Power)
Timezone1:Korea Standard Time
Utc Offset1:+9

Pohang (pronounced as /ko/), formerly spelled Po-Hang, is the largest city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, with a population of 499,363 as of 2022, bordering the Sea of Japan to the east, Yeongcheon to the west, Gyeongju to the south, and Cheongsong and Yeongdeok to the north.

The city has food, textile, and metal industries. Agricultural products such as grapes, persimmons and garlic chives are abundant, and the city's proximity to the Sea of Japan has led to the development of a fishing industry. Hagfish is a local specialty.

The Korean Marine Corps 1st Division is stationed in Pohang, and their Education and Training Command is located there as well.

Tourist attractions include the Jukdo Fish Market, where fresh seafood is sold, as well as the Yeongildae Beach, Wolpo Beach, and Pohang Songdo Beach. Naejangsan Mountain divides Pohang and Yeongdeok and has twelve waterfalls.[1]

History

The earliest evidence of human occupation in the Pohang area is from the Mumun Pottery Period (1500–300 BC). Archaeologists have unearthed small villages and megalithic burials (dolmen) from this period. Still a small fishing village at the dawn of the 20th century, the earliest steps toward developing Pohang into a place of greater significance were taken in 1930 with the construction of a modern harbour. Pohang grew rapidly afterward, attaining the designation of town (eup) in 1931 and then earning the status of city (si) in 1949.[2]

Pohang's road arteries and shipping port made it a place of strategic significance during the Korean War. An unopposed landing of UN forces at Pohang on July 18, 1950 was the first large-scale amphibious operation since World War II, and the region around Pohang saw fierce clashes between South Korea's 3rd Infantry Division and North Korea's 5th Infantry Division during August–September 1950.[3]

By the 1960s, Pohang was a small coastal city with a population of 50,000.[4] The next major development in Pohang's growth came in 1968 with the inauguration of the steel maker POSCO, and the local plant's commencement of production in 1972. The introduction of heavy industry to the city brought the local economy to a blend of iron, steel, shipbuilding and fisheries through the end of the 20th century.[2]

The early 21st century and the age of globalization has brought new economic challenges to companies such as POSCO, giving rise to beliefs that Pohang would be wise to not be overly reliant on heavy industry to maintain its prosperity.[5] In response, the Pohang of today presents itself as having an eye to the future, striving to become a diversified city of environmentalism and advanced learning, as well as a centre of arts and culture.[6]

During the Silla Dynasty the area was made up of four hyeon, Toehwa-hyeon, Jidap-hyeon, Geunoji-hyeon, Haea-hyeon . Then during the Goryeo Dynasty these four were renamed to Heunghae-gun (흥해군/Korean: 興海郡), Janggi-hyeon, Yeongil-hyeon, Cheongha-hyeon respectively.

On 4 August 1896, the three remaining hyeon, which at that time were Janggi, Yeonil (; originally Yeongil) and Cheongha were reassigned as counties or gun as part of the change to the 13-province division of the Korean Empire.

On 1 March 1914, the four counties were unified as one Yeongil-gun, which was subdivided into 18 myeons.

On 1 April 1931, Pohang-myeon was designated as an eup, thus giving Yeongil-gun 1 eup and 17 myeon.

On 1 April 1934, Jukbuk-myeon and Juknam-myeon were united to make Jukjang-myeon, while Janggi-myeon and Bongsan-myeon united to make Jihaeng-myeon, so that there were 1 eup and 15 myeon.

On 1 October 1938, Hyeongsan-myeon was incorporated into Pohang-eup, leaving Yeongil-gun with 1 eup and 14 myeon.

On 1 October 1942 Changju-myeon was renamed and reclassified as Guryongpo-eup (구룡포읍/九龍浦邑), leaving 2 eup and 13 myeon.

On 15 August 1949, Pohang-eup was designated as Pohang-si, leaving Yeongil with 1 si, 1 eup, 13 myeon and 1 local office.

On 8 July 1956, Heunghae-myeon and Gokgang-myeon are incorporated into Uichang-myeon leaving 1 si, 1 eup and 12 myeon.

On 29 October 1957, Daljeon-myeon is abolished and incorporated into Heunghae-myeon and Yeonil-myeon leaving 1 si, 1 eup and 11 myeons.

On 1 March 1967, the Gibuk Local Office of Gigye-myeon (기계면/Korean: 杞溪面) is established.

On 1 July 1973, Uichang-myeon is designated as Uichang-eup leaving 1 si, 2 eup, 10 myeon and 3 local offices.

On 1 December 1980, Yeonil-myeon and Ocheon-myeon are both designated as eup leaving 1 si, 4 eup, 8 myeon and 3 local offices.

On 1 September 1982, Haedo-dong and Sangdae-dong are separated into Haedo 1 and 2-dong and Sangdae 1 and 2-dong respectively.

On 1 April 1986, Daebo Local Office and Gibuk Local Office are designated as myeon leaving 1 si, 4 eup, 10 myeon and 1 local office.

On 1 January 1995, a united Pohang-si absorbs all of Yeongil-gun, composed of 1 si, 2 gu, 4 eup, 10 myeon, 25 dong and 1 local office.

On 1 September 1998, the unification of Small-dong left Pohang with 1 si, 2 gu, 4 eup, 10 myeon, 19 dong and 1 local office.

On 1 January 2009, the unification of Small-dong left Pohang with 1 si, 2 gu, 4 eup, 10 myeon, 15 dong and 1 local office.

Geography and climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Pohang has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).The mean temperature in the coldest month, January, is relatively mild at 2.2 °C. The warmest month is August, when the mean temperature is 26.0 °C. On average, Pohang receives 1,152 mm of precipitation per year. The driest month is December, when the city receives a scant 25.7 mm of precipitation on average. However, the mean amount of precipitation for the wettest month, August, is 227.4 mm.[7]

Administrative Organization

Culture & Arts Center

Municipal library

Municipal art gallery

Agricultural product wholesale market management office

Women's culture center

Park management office

Vehicle Registration Office

Transportation

The city is served by several trains a day from Seoul and Daegu. Pohang is the terminus for a number of ferry routes serving the adjacent Sea of Japan, including the main tourist route for Ulleung Island and Liancourt Rocks. Pohang is the home of POSCO (the Pohang Steel Company), one of the largest steel producers in the world, and a host of related industries. As a result, the port shipped a total of 54.8 million tons in 2006.[8]

Several flights per day to Seoul Gimpo Airport and Jeju Airport are available at Pohang Gyeongju Airport.

Local transportation is served by only city buses. They run about 20 different ways of the city and some of them reach to the mountain folk. Also, the buses are classified into 2 kinds – one is Ilban-bus (normal bus) and the other is Jwaseok-bus (full of seats and a little more expensive than Ilban-bus). They run 15~25 minutes intervals along their own way. The bus routes are listed in both Korean and English but the Korean version is interactive, and thus more helpful.

There are two main bus terminals - Shiwae (시외) and Gosok (고속) which roughly translate into intercity/city and express. The Shiwae bus terminal (시외버스터미널) also acts as the cross-country bus terminal from which access to nearby metropolitan cities such as Daegu and Busan (~1.5 hrs each depending on traffic) is available. Their website is only in Korean and only accessible in Internet Explorer. The Gosok bus terminal (고속버스터미널) website is in both English and Korean. From Gosok bus terminal one can travel to Seoul, Gwangju, and Daejeon.

Pohang is also serviced by two train stations - Pohang station (포항역) and Wolpo station (월포역). Times and destinations are available on the Korail website which is in English and Korean.

Passengers using the KTX had to go to Gyeongju station (경주역) until 2015. However, since 2015, the KTX travels directly to Pohang station (포항역).

Education

Universities with graduate schools

Other institutes of higher education

Health

There are some hospitals to treat people; two types of hospitals exist: public, and private. Public hospitals are run by the government, and supported by the government. Conversely, private hospitals are managed by the individuals. For example, S Pohang hospital is sponsored by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security which means it is supported by the government ("Introduction of the hospital" 1). They provide the treatments of brain disease, and spine disease. For private hospital, Pohang Sunlin Hospital is run by Hyunsu Shin ("Introduction of the head of the hospital" 1).

Culture

Thousands flock to see the fireworks festival at Yeongildae Beach each summer. People travel from all over the country to watch the show.The Culture & Arts Center, opened in 1995, holds performances and exhibitions in its various galleries and theaters. Pohang is known for gwamegi and holds an annual Gwamegi Festival. Gwamegi Festival is available on November annually. In 2015, the festival invited individuals from different ages. Numerous people can enjoy the festival, and the festival is sponsored by banks such as Suhyeop, Nonghyeop, Shinhan, and POSCO. During the festival, it is available to experience the old traditional Korean culture such as competing with person who sell Yeot. Furthermore, many singers from various places including Philippines are invited to demonstrate their talent to people ("Schedule" 1). In this place, Guryongpo, it is possible to try Gwamegi, Pidegi which is dried squid, and big crabs ("Information about the products in Guryongpo" 1).

Museums

Monuments

Villages

Experiences

Other important spots

Industry

Steel and Metal Industry

Sports

The city is home to the Pohang Steelers of K League 1.Also, there is the Pohang Baseball Stadium, which Samsung Lions belonging to KBO League is using as the second stadium.

Points of interest

The Jukdo Market is a large, bustling traditional market near the centre of the city, close to the port. It is well known throughout Korea as an important seafood market. There are many raw-fish restaurants in the market. The fish is cheaper here than in Seoul or Daegu.

Bukbu Beach is located in Duho-dong in the northern part of the city's built-up area. The beach front has been the focus of commercial developments such as bars, restaurants, and budget accommodations called Yeogwan. A number of beaches on the Sea of Japan can be found just north of the built-up area, including Chilpo and Wolpo.

Homigot, a point of land jutting out into the Sea of Japan, is located to the east of urban Pohang in Daebo-myeon. Homigot is one of the easternmost points on the Korean peninsula and as such serves every year as a gathering place for thousands to greet Korea's first sunrise of the New Year. The beach is also home to the 'Hands of Harmony' sculpture.

Bogyeongsa is a major Buddhist temple nestled in a steep green valley at the foot of Mount Naeyeon (710 m) in Songna-myeon, an area in the extreme northern part of Pohang. Yeonsan Waterfall is located nearby in the same mountain valley. There are hiking trails leading from the temple up into the mountains. Bogyeongsa also has a number of mountain hermitages in the vicinity.

Oeosa is a temple located in the extreme southern part of Pohang, just inside the mountains south of the coastal plain formed by the Naengcheon River. It is located at the foot of Mt. Unjae (481 m) in a steep valley in Daesong-myeon. Signs placed in and around Oeosa claim that the temple was founded by Wonhyo, the well-travelled Silla monk.

Space Walk is a roller-coaster like walkable art installation design by German artists Heike Mutter and Ulrich Genth and located in Hwanho Park. Constructed over a two-and-a-half-year period by POSCO from 317 tons of steel, the park open November 19, 2021.[9]

Notable people

Shopping

The main downtown shopping area is between Yukgeori (육거리) and Ogeori (오거리) which translate to 6-way intersection and 5-way intersection. The streamlet boardwalk shopping area opens and ends with Pohang Station and Yukgeori, respectively. This shopping area has several stores, restaurants, and a few bars.

Administrative divisions

Pohang is divided into 2 non-autonomous districts, which in turn is divided into 4 eup, 10 myeon and 15 dong.

DistrictHangeulHanjaeup/myeon/dongHangeulHanja
Buk-gu북구北區Heunghae-eup흥해읍興海邑
Singwang-myeon신광면神光面
Cheongha-myeon청하면淸河面
Songra-myeon송라면松羅面
Gigye-myeon기계면杞溪面
Jukjang-myeon죽장면竹長面
Gibuk-myeon기북면杞北面
Jungang-dong중앙동中央洞
Yanghak-dong양학동良鶴洞
Jukdo-dong죽도동島洞
Yongheung-dong용흥동龍興洞
Uchang-dong우창동牛昌洞
Duho-dong두호동斗湖洞
Jangryang-dong장량동長良洞
Hwanyeo-dong환여동環汝洞
남구南區Guryongpo-eup구룡포읍九龍浦邑
Yeonil-eup연일읍Korean: 延日邑
Ocheon-eup오천읍Korean: 烏川邑
Daesong-myeon대송면Korean: 大松面
Donghae-myeon동해면Korean: 東海面
Janggi-myeon장기면Korean: 長鬐面
Homigot-myeon호미곶면Korean: 虎尾串面
Sangdae-dong상대동Korean: 上大洞
Haedo-dong해도동Korean: 海島洞
Songdo-dong송도동Korean: 松島洞
Cheongnim-dong청림동Korean: 靑林洞
Jecheol-dong제철동Korean: 製鐵洞
Hyogok-dong효곡동Korean: 孝谷洞
Daei-dong대이동Korean: 大梨洞

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea. Pohang is twinned with:

Friendly cities

Pohang is cooperating with:

See also

References

References 2

External links

Citation

"Announcement about the Pause of Pohang Airport." Pohang Airport. Governor of Pohang, 17 Feb. 2016. Web.

"포항공항(Pohang Airport)." 실시간 운항정보(Flights in Real Time). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

"포항야구장(Pohang Baseball Stadium)." 시설소개. 시설관리공단(Organization That Manages Facility), n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

Kim, Minje. "전체기사(Whole Articles)." 전체기사(Whole Articles). Jakeun News, 16 Dec. 2015. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

Kim, Jumdol. "구룡포 과메기 축제(Guryongpo Gwamegi Festival)." 구룡포 과메기 축제(Guryongpo Gwamegi Festival). Jumdol Kim, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

"보건복지부 인증 전문병원-에스포항병원(뇌센터, 척추센터)!! :: 병원소개(S Pohang Hospital Introduction of the Hospital)." 보건복지부 인증 전문병원-에스포항병원(뇌센터, 척추센터)!! :: 병원소개(S Pohang Hospital Introduction of the Hospital). Executives and Staff Members, Dec. 2008. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

Shin, Hyunsu. "병원장 인사말(Introduction by the Head of the Hospital)." Sunlin Hospital. Hyunsu Shin, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

"지역별 문의처(Inquiry for Locals)." Marine in South Korea. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

"지원 FAQ(enrolling FAQ)." Marine in South Korea. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 포항12경 . 12 Views of Pohang . 2023-04-21 . www.pohang.go.kr . ko.
  2. http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/KOR_Port_of_Pohang_1487.php WPS - Port of Pohang contact information
  3. Web site: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/07/116_43998.htm . https://archive.today/20120802234605/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/07/116_43998.htm . dead . 2012-08-02 . ko:페이지를 찾을 수 없습니다 . Archive.is . 2012-08-02 . 2018-09-01.
  4. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~kocsea/pohang.htm KASTN
  5. Web site: http://esri.handong.edu/korean/download.php?id=209&sid=8e8361e216e22553cc306b08f4598736 . ko:자동등록방지를 위해 보안절차를 거치고 있습니다 . Esri.handong.edu . 2018-09-01 . 2018-09-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180901145611/http://esri.handong.edu/korean/download.php?id=209&sid=8e8361e216e22553cc306b08f4598736 . dead .
  6. http://eng.ipohang.org/En/About/AP01/?navi=AP01_1
  7. Web site: http://www.kma.go.kr/weather/climate/average_30years.jsp?yy_st=2011&stn=138&norm=M&x=38&y=14&obs=RN&mm=5&dd=23 . ko:평년값자료(30년) > 국내기후자료 > 기후자료 > 날씨 > 기상청 . . 2013-07-12.
  8. http://eng.ipohang.org/En/Business/BU01/?navi=BU01_1
  9. News: Bahk . Eun-ji . 11 Jan 2022 . 'Space Walk' emerging as popular tourist spot in Pohang . The Korea Times . 1 Jul 2023.
  10. Web site: 福山市の親善友好都市. city.fukuyama.hiroshima.jp. Fukuyama. ja. 2020-06-02.
  11. Web site: Kardeş Şehirler. izmit.bel.tr. İzmit. tr. 2020-06-02.
  12. Web site: 姉妹・友好都市. city.joetsu.niigata.jp. Jōetsu. ja. 2020-06-02.
  13. Web site: Sister City Links. ci.pittsburg.ca.us. City of Pittsburg. 2020-06-02.
  14. Web site: Города-побратимы. vlc.ru. Vladivostok. ru. 2020-06-02.
  15. Web site: 中 장쑤성 장자강시 방문단 포항서 문화관광 교류. yeongnam.com. Yeongnam. ko. 2016-08-30. 2020-06-02.