Podalyrieae Explained

The tribe Podalyrieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae.

Description

The Podalyrieae arose 30.5 ± 2.6 million years ago (in the Oligocene) in the fynbos (Cape Floristic Region) of South Africa and is still mostly found there.^{[1] [2]} All members of the tribe exhibit either nonsprouting or sprouting fire survival strategies.^[3] Many species are pollinated by insects, especially carpenter bees, while others are pollinated by sunbirds or rodents.

The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]} The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological synapomorphies have been identified:

"imparipinnately compound leaves, axillary racemose inflorescences, carboxylic acid esters of quinolizidine alkaloids, and the isoflavone 3′-hydroxydaidzein as a major seed flavonoid"^[11] as well as "strongly reduced or absent bracteoles and the occurrence of persistent antipodals in the female gametophyte."

Subtribes and genera

Subtribe Xiphothecinae

• Amphithalea Eckl. & Zeyh.

• Xiphotheca Eckl. & Zeyh.

Subtribe Podalyriinae

• Calpurnia E. Mey.
• Liparia L.
• Podalyria Willd.

• Stirtonanthus B.-E. van Wyk & A. L. Schutte

• Virgilia Poir.

Unassigned

• Cadia Forssk.
• Cyclopia Vent.^[12]

Notes and References

1. Boatwright JS . Savolainen V . Van Wyk B-E . Schutte-Vlok AL . Forest F . Van der Bank M . 2008 . Systematic position of the anomalous genus Cadia and the phylogeny of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae) . . 33 . 1 . 133–147 . 10.1600/036364408783887500 .
2. Linder HP . 2003 . The radiation of the Cape flora, southern Africa . . 78 . 4 . 597–638 . 14700393 . 10.1017/S1464793103006171 .
3. Schutte AL, Vlok JH, Van Wyk BE . 1995 . Fire-survival strategy—a character of taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary importance in fynbos legumes . . 195 . 3–4 . 243–259 . 10.1007/BF00989299 . 1995PSyEv.195..243S .
4. Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M . 2012 . Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages . . 99 . 12 . 1991–2013 . 10.3732/ajb.1200380 . 23221500.
5. Käss E, Wink M . 1996 . Molecular evolution of the Leguminosae: Phylogeny of the three subfamilies based on rbcL-sequences . . 24 . 5 . 365–378 . 10.1016/0305-1978(96)00032-4 . 1996BioSE..24..365K .
6. Käss E, Wink M . 1997 . Phylogenetic Relationships in the Papilionoideae (Family Leguminosae) Based on Nucleotide Sequences of cpDNA (rbcL) and ncDNA (ITS 1 and 2) . . 8 . 1 . 65–88 . 10.1006/mpev.1997.0410 . 9242596 . 1997MolPE...8...65K .
7. Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Ballenger JA, Dickson EE, Kajita T, Ohashi H . 1997 . A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation . . 84 . 4 . 541–554 . 21708606 . 10.2307/2446030. 2446030 . free .
8. Wink M, Mohamed GI . 2003 . Evolution of chemical defense traits in the Leguminosae: mapping of distribution patterns of secondary metabolites on a molecular phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene . . 31 . 8 . 897–917 . 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00085-1 . 2003BioSE..31..897W .
9. Book: Crisp MD, Gilmore S, Van Wyk BE . 2000 . Molecular phylogeny of the genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes . Herendeen PS, Bruneau A . Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9 . http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . 249–276 . 978-1842460177 . 2014-02-25 . 2014-01-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140116180637/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 . dead .
10. LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] . 2013 . Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades . . 62 . 2 . 217–248 . 10.12705/622.8. 10566/3455 .
11. Van Wyk B-E. . 2003 . The value of chemosystematics in clarifying relationships in the Genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes . . 31 . 8 . 875–884 . 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00083-8 . 2003BioSE..31..875V .
12. van der Bank M, Chase MW, van Wyk BE, Fay MF, van der Bank FH, Reeves G, Hulme A . 2002 . Systematics of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae) based on DNA, morphological and chemical data . . 139 . 2 . 159–170 . 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00051.x . free .