Plottier Formation Explained

Plottier Formation
Type:	Geological formation
Period:	Coniacian
Age:	late Coniacian-early Santonian ~
Prilithology:	Claystone
Otherlithology:	Sandstone
Namedfor:	Plottier
Namedby:	Fossa Mancini et al.
Year Ts:	1938
Region:	Mendoza, Neuquén & Río Negro Provinces
Coordinates:	-37.4°N -69.1°W
Paleocoordinates:	-42.2°N -49.4°W
Unitof:	Neuquén Group  Río Neuquén Subgroup
Underlies:	Río Colorado Subgroup  Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Overlies:	Sierra Barrosa Formation
Thickness:	Up to 25m (82feet)
Extent:	Neuquén Basin

The Plottier Formation is a geologic formation that outcrops in the Argentine Patagonian provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén. It is the younger of two formations belonging to the Río Neuquén Subgroup within the Neuquén Group of the Neuquén Basin, with the oldest rocks dating from the late Coniacian and its youngest maybe from the very start of the Santonian. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Plottier Formation was known as the Plottier Member.^[1]

Description

A section near the Neuquén City airport, north of the town of Plottier, is the type locality of the Plottier Formation.^[2] At its base, this formation grades into the Portezuelo Formation, and it is in turn overlain conformably by the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, a unit of the Río Colorado Subgroup.

The Plottier Formation is the thinnest formation within the Neuquén Group, with a maximum thickness of only 25m (82feet). It is differentiated from the underlying Portezuelo Formation primarily by its higher content of argillites (mud deposits) and was deposited under fluvial conditions. In 2006, a detailed lithostratigraphic and paleoecological study of a section of the Plottier Formation was published. This section contained alluvial deposits laid down by what was essentially a low-gradient wandering river throughout the millions of years, but often was of a single-channel type with little meandering.^[3]

Fossil content

Few animal fossils are known from this formation, including:^[4]

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Crocodyliformes indet.^[5]	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Seven osteoderms (MPCA-AT 251–257) Right dentary fragment (MPCA-AT 75)	Resembles peirosaurids such as Peirosaurus and Uberabasuchus
Lomasuchus^[6] ^[7]	L. palpebrosus	Embalse Cerros Colorados	Skull and partial mandibular ramus	A peirosaurid, specimen originally claimed to originate from the Rio Colorado formation.
Mesoeucrocodylia indet.^[8]	Indeterminate	Yacimiento Narambuena	Partial skeleton (MAU-PV-N-280)	Subadult specimen showing both derived and primitive traits
Peirosauridae indet.^[9]	Indeterminate	Puesto Hernández	Partial skeleton (MAU-Pv-PH-437)	A peirosaurid

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

A footprint track of an ornithopod is known from the Middle Loma de la Lata site.^[10]

Ornithischians reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Ornithopoda indet.^[11]	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	A pedal ungual phalanx (MPCA-AT 261)	An ornithopod roughly the size of Notohypsilophodon
	Indeterminate	Puesto Hernández quarry	Partial dorsal neural arch (MAU-Pv-PH-458)	An ornithopod similar to Macrogryphosaurus, estimated to be 6 meters long

Sauropods

12 footprint tracks of a sauropod are known from the site of Proyecto Dino.

Sauropods reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Aeolosaurini indet.^[12]	Indeterminate	Yacimiento Narambuena	Four articulated caudal vertebrae (MAU-Pv-N-414)	A titanosaur
Antarctosaurus^[13]	A. giganteus	Aguada del Caño	Partial skeleton (MLP 26-316)	A titanosaur
Muyelensaurus^[14] ^[15]	M. pecheni	Loma del Lindero	Partial skeleton & additional vertebrae	A titanosaur, specimens originally thought to be from the Portezuelo Formation
Notocolossus^[16] ^[17]	N. gonzalezparejasi	Cerro Guillermo	Two partial skeletons (UNCUYO-LD 301 & UNCUYO-LD 302)	A titanosaur
Petrobrasaurus^[18]	P. puestohernandezi	Rincón de los Sauces	Partial skeleton	A titanosaur
Sauropoda indet.	Indeterminate	5 kilometers north of Plottier	Partial right tibia (MCF-PVPH-899)	A sauropod
	Indeterminate	Cerro Guillermo	Incomplete skeleton (IANIGLA-PV.113)	A sauropod
Titanosauria indet.	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Incomplete dorsal vertebra (MPCA-AT 024)	A large titanosaur
	Indeterminate	5 kilometers north of Plottier	Left femur and partial ribs (MCF-PVPH-889) Right fibula (MCF-PVPH-900)	Remains of titanosaurs

Theropods

Theropods reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Abelisauridae indet.^[19] ^[20]	Indeterminate	Cañadon Amarillo	Tooth	An abelisaur tooth formerly thought to be part of the holotype specimen of Aerosteon
	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Tooth (Endemas-PV 16)	An abelisaur, tooth originally reported as that of a carcharodontosaurid in 2009 but reclassified in 2021
Alvarezsauria indet.^[21]	Indeterminate	Rincón de los Sauces	Right femur (MAU-Pv-PH-453)	An alvarezsaur
Brachyrostra indet.^[22]	Indeterminate	Loma del Lindero	Vertebrae, teeth and possible sacrum (MAU-Pv-LL-75)	An abelisaur
cf. Carcharodontosauridae	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Tooth (Endemas-PV 16)	Reclassified as an abelisaur tooth in 2021
Coelurosauria indet.	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Two teeth (MPCA-AT 263 & 269)	A coelurosaur
Maniraptoriformes indet. cf. Unenlagiinae	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Tooth (Endemas-PV 15)	Possible unenlagiine tooth, though more material is needed to confirm this
Theropoda indet.	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Incomplete caudal vertebra (MPCA-AT 082)	A "moderately sized" theropod

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Chelidae? indet.	Indeterminate	El Anfiteatro	Plastron plate (MPCA-AT 089)	A chelid
Linderochelys^[24]	L. rinconensis	Loma de Lindero	Partial skeleton (MAU-PV-LL-69)	A chelid, locality originally assigned to the Rio Neuquén Subgroup with no specific formation.
Rionegrochelys^[25]	R. caldieroi	El Anfiteatro	Shell elements	A chelid, type specimen first reported as an indeterminate chelid in 2009

Invertebrates

• Ichnofossils
  • Scoyenia sp.
  • Taenidium sp.

There are also ichnofossils left on the river's mudflats, as well as fossil freshwater bivalves.

Ostracods

Ostracods reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Cypridoidea indet.^[26]	Indeterminate	Zampal	A few specimens	A cypridoid
Ilyocypris	I. aff. bauruensis	Zampal	A few molts	An ilyocypridid
	I. cf. riograndensis	Zampal		An ilyocypridid
	I. wichmanni	Zampal		An ilyocypridid
Neocyprideis^[27]	N.? sp.	Zampal		An ilyocypridid
	N. zampalensis	Babilonia	4 valves	An ilyocypridid
Neuquenocypris	N. calfucurensis	Babilonia	3 valve fragments	An ilyocypridid
	N. cf. minor	Zampal		An ilyocypridid
	N. nahuelniyuensis	Babilonia	6 valves	An ilyocypridid
	N. tenuipunctata	Babilonia	5 adult and 3 juvenile valves	An ilyocypridid
Paralimnocythere	P.? sp.	Zampal	Several carapaces and valves	A limnocytherid
Talicyprideinae sp.	Indeterminate	Zampal	Very scarce number of carapaces	An ilyocypridid
Vecticypris	V. sp.	Babilonia	2 valves	A limnocytherid
Wolburgiopsis	W. cf. neocretacea	Zampal		A limnocytherid

Plants

Plants reported from the Plottier Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Angiospermae? indet.	Indeterminate	Zampal	A few seeds	A possible angiosperm
Henrisporites	H. sp.	Zampal	Abundant megaspores	A lycopod
Lychnothamnus	L. barbosai	Zampal	Over 400 microfossils	A stonewort
Nitella	N. sp.	Zampal	21 microfossils	A stonewort
Spermatites	S. sp. 1	Zampal	Seeds	An angiosperm
	S. sp. 2	Zampal	Seeds	An angiosperm

See also

• List of fossil sites
• List of dinosaur bearing rock formations

References

Bibliography

• (1993): Enantiornithine (Aves) Tarsometatarsi from the Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3083: 1-27. [English with Spanish abstract] PDF fulltext
• (2002): Bird footprints from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous), Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana 39(4): 453-463. [English with Spanish abstract] PDF fulltext
• Fossa Mancini . E. . Egidio Feruglio . Feruglio . E. . Yussen de Campana . J.C. . 1938 . Una reunión de geólogos de YPF y el problema de la terminología estratigráfica . es . A YPF geologists' reunion and the problem of stratigraphy terminology . Boletín de Informaciones Petroleras . 15 . 1–67.
• Leanza . H.A. . Apesteguia . S. . Fernando Novas . Novas . F.E. . De la Fuente . M.S. . 2004 . Cretaceous terrestrial beds from the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) and their tetrapod assemblages . . 25 . 1 . 61–87 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2003.10.005 . 2004CrRes..25...61L . 2019-02-16.
• (2006): Bird tracks from Liaoning Province, China: New insights into avian evolution during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition. Cretaceous Research 27(1): 33-43. (HTML abstract). Erratum:
• (2005): Osteology of the sauropod embryos from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50(1): 79–92. PDF fulltext
• Sánchez . María Lidia . Heredia . Susana . Calvo . Jorge O. . 2006 . Paleoambientes sedimentarios del Cretácico Superior de la Formación Plottier (Grupo Neuquén), Departamento Confluencia, Neuquén . es . Sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Upper Cretaceous Plottier Formation (Neuquen Group), Confluencia, Neuquén . . 61 . 3–18 . 2019-02-16.

Notes and References

1. Sánchez et al., 2006
2. Fossa Mancini et al., 1938
3. Leanza et al., 2004
4. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?geological_group=Neuqu%E9n&formation=Plottier Plottier Formation
5. Salgado . Leonardo . Canudo . José I. . Garrido . Alberto C. . Ruiz-Omeñaca . José I. . García . Rodolfo A. . de la Fuente . Marcelo S. . Barco . José L. . Bollati . Raúl . 2009-06-01 . Upper Cretaceous vertebrates from El Anfiteatro area, Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina . Cretaceous Research . 30 . 3 . 767–784 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2009.01.001 . 2009CrRes..30..767S . 0195-6671.
6. Gasparini . Zulma . Chiappe . Luis M. . Fernandez . Marta . 1991-09-30 . A new Senonian peirosaurid (Crocodylomorpha) from Argentina and a synopsis of the South American Cretaceous crocodilians . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . en . 11 . 3 . 316–333 . 10.1080/02724634.1991.10011401 . 1991JVPal..11..316G . 0272-4634.
7. Diego Pol . Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini . Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini . amp . 2007 . Crocodyliformes . In: Patagonian Mesozoic Reptiles. Gasparini, Z., Coria, R., & Salgado, L. (Eds.). Indiana University Press . 116–142. 978-0-253-34857-9 .
8. Arcucci . Andrea . 2011-01-01 . Un nuevo Mesoeucrocodylia cretácico del norte de la Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina . Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia . 14 . 1 . 51–60. 10.4072/rbp.2011.1.05 .
9. Filippi . Leonardo Sebastián . Cerda . Ignacio Alejandro . Garrido . Alberto Carlos . February 2013 . Morfología e Histología de Osteodermos de Un Peirosauridae De La Cuenca Neuquina . Ameghiniana . en . 50 . 1 . 3–13 . 10.5710/AMGH.8.6.2012.430 . 0002-7014. 11336/79259 . free .
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