James River spinymussel explained

The James River spinymussel (Parvaspina collina), also known as the Virginia spinymussel, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is native to North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia in the United States.^[1] It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. It was formerly placed in Pleurobema but in 2017, Perkins, Johnson & Gangloff placed the species into a new genus Parvaspina on account of genetic data and its lateral spines.^[2]

External links

• Hove, M. C. and R. J. Neves. (1994). Life history of the endangered James spinymussel Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837) (Mollusca: Unionidae). American Malacological Bulletin 11(1):29–40. Retrieved 10 April 2023 via Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center at Virginia Tech.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Parvaspina collina. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. NatureServe. Arlington, Virginia. 10 April 2023. 7 April 2023.
2. Perkins. Michael A.. Johnson. Nathan A.. Gangloff. Michael M.. Molecular systematics of the critically-endangered North American spinymussels (Unionidae: Elliptio and Pleurobema) and description of Parvaspina gen. nov.. Conservation Genetics. 18. 745–757. 10.1007/s10592-017-0924-z. 2017. 4 . 254414164 .