| Honorific Prefix: | Professor |
| Svetlana Pletnyova | |
| Native Name: | Светлана Плетнёва |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
| Birth Date: | 1926 1, df=y |
| Birth Place: | Vyatka, Urzhumsky Uyezd, Vyatka Governorate, Soviet Union |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Russia |
| Pronounce: | pronounced as /ru/ |
| Fields: | History, Archaeology |
| Alma Mater: | Moscow State University (1949) |
| Thesis Title: | From nomads to cities |
| Thesis Url: | https://www.archaeolog.ru/ru/el-bib/el-cat/el-series/mia/mia-142 |
| Thesis Year: | 1967 |
| Doctoral Advisors: | )--> |
| Academic Advisors: | Mikhail Artamonov, Boris Rybakov |
| Notable Students: | Murtazali Gadjiev,, |
| Known For: | Known for her studies of the Eurasian nomads, notably the Khazars |
| Awards: | Order of the Badge of Honour, Medal "For Labour Valour", Medal "For Distinguished Labour", USSR State Prize |
Svetlana Alexandrovna Pletneva (also spelled Pletnyeva and Pletnyova; Russian: Светлана Александровна Плетнёва, pronounced as /ru/; 1 April 1926 – 20 November 2008) was a Russian and Soviet archaeologist and historian. Like Lev Gumilev, she was a student of Mikhail Artamonov, although she discarded many of the former's theories as mere speculations. She won the USSR State Prize in 1986.
Pletneva is the author of numerous books on Eurasian nomads, particularly the Khazars.