Plenasium Explained

Plenasium is a genus of ferns in the family Osmundaceae. It is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but kept within a more broadly circumscribed genus Osmunda by other sources. The genus is known from Early Cretaceous to present.^[1]

Taxonomy

, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following four species:

Phylogeny of Plenasium^{[2] [3]}

The following fossil species are also accepted.^[1]

• †P. arnoldii (C.N.Mill. 1967) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017
• †P. bransonii (Tidwell & Medlyn, 1991) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (?Eocene: New Mexico, USA).
• †P. burgii (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: Nebraska, USA).
• †P. chandleri (Arnold 1952) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin
• †P. crossii (Tidwell & L.R.Parker, 1987) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Paleocene: Wyoming, USA).
• †P. dakotense (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: South Dakota, USA).
• †P. dowkeri (Carruthers 1870) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017
• †P. moorei (Tidwell & Medlyn, 1991) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (?Eocene: New Mexico, USA).
• †P. nebraskense (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: Nebraska, USA).
• †P. (Aurealcaulis) elegans Hiller et al. 2019 (Eocene, Vietnam)^[4]
• †P. (Plenasium) xiei Cheng et al. 2019 (Late Cretaceous, Northeastern China)^[5]

Notes and References

1. Bomfleur. Benjamin. Grimm. Guido W.. McLoughlin. Stephen. 2017-07-11. The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes. PeerJ. en. 5. e3433. 28713650. 10.7717/peerj.3433. 5508817. 2167-8359 . free .
2. Nitta . Joel H. . Schuettpelz . Eric . Ramírez-Barahona . Santiago . Iwasaki . Wataru . et al. . 2022 . An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life . Frontiers in Plant Science . 13 . 909768. 10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 . 36092417. 9449725. free.
3. Web site: et al. . 2022 . Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL . FTOL v1.3.0 . 12 December 2022.
4. Hiller. P.. Böhme. M.. Schneider. S.. Prieto. J.. Bomfleur. B.. 2020-04-17. Plenasium (Aurealcaulis) elegans sp. nov. from the Eocene of Vietnam – a connecting link in the evolution of modern Royal Ferns (Osmundeae, Osmundaceae). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18. 8. 703–715. 10.1080/14772019.2019.1683771. 2020JSPal..18..703H . 209573114. 1477-2019.
5. Cheng. Ye-Ming. Liu. Feng-Xiang. Tian. Ning. Jin. Yue-Gao. Sun. Tong-Xing. 2021. Plenasium xiei sp. nov. from the Cretaceous of Northeast China: Additional evidence for the longevity of osmundaceous ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution. en. 59. 2. 375–387. 10.1111/jse.12532. 199634398. 1759-6831.