Ancyromonadida Explained

Ancyromonadida or Planomonadida is a small group of biflagellated protists found in the soil and in aquatic habitats, where they feed on bacteria.[1] [2] Includes freshwater or marine organisms, benthic, dorsoventrally compressed and with two unequal flagellae, each emerging from a separate pocket. The apical anterior flagellum can be very thin or end in the cell membrane, while the posterior flagellum is long and is inserted ventrally or laterally. The cell membrane is supported by a thin single-layered theca and the mitochondrial crests are discoidal/flat.[3]

The group's placement is doubtful, as it seems to fall outside the five supergroups of eukaryotes.[4] Cavalier-Smith considers that they constitute a basal group to Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta and places it together with other related groups in Sulcozoa.[5] However, they appear more basal than Malawimonas, placing them in Loukozoa, possibly as stem podiates, and depending on the placement of the root position of the Eukaryotes.[6] [7]

Taxonomy

Notes and References

  1. Cavalier-Smith, T. (2013). Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa. European journal of protistology, 49(2), 115-178.
  2. Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE, Stechmann A, Oates B, Nikolaev S. Planomonadida ord. nov. (Apusozoa): ultrastructural affinity with Micronuclearia podoventralis and deep divergences within Planomonas gen. nov . Protist . 159 . 4 . 535–62 . October 2008 . 18723395 . 10.1016/j.protis.2008.06.002 .
  3. 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. 23020233. 3483872. The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59. 5. 429–514. 2012. Adl. Sina M.. Simpson. Alastair G. B.. Lane. Christopher E.. Lukeš. Julius. Bass. David. Bowser. Samuel S.. Brown. Matthew W.. Burki. Fabien. Dunthorn. Micah. Hampl. Vladimir. Heiss. Aaron. Hoppenrath. Mona. Lara. Enrique. Le Gall. Line. Lynn. Denis H.. McManus. Hilary. Mitchell. Edward A. D.. Mozley-Stanridge. Sharon E.. Parfrey. Laura W.. Pawlowski. Jan. Rueckert. Sonja. Shadwick. Laura. Schoch. Conrad L.. Smirnov. Alexey. Spiegel. Frederick W..
  4. Burki, F.. 2014. The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 1 - 17. 10.1101/cshperspect.a016147. 24789819. 6. 5. 3996474.
  5. Ruggiero, M. A., Gordon, D. P., Orrell, T. M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R. C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. y Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms.
  6. Brown. Matthew W.. Heiss. Aaron. Kamikawa. Ryoma. Inagaki. Yuji. Yabuki. Akinori. Tice. Alexander K.. Shiratori. Takashi. Ishida. Ken. Hashimoto. Tetsuo. 2017-12-03. Phylogenomics places orphan protistan lineages in a novel eukaryotic super-group. Genome Biol Evol. 10. 2. en. 427–433. 10.1093/gbe/evy014. 29360967. 5793813.
  7. Torruella. Guifré. Mendoza. Alex de. Grau-Bové. Xavier. Antó. Meritxell. Chaplin. Mark A.. Campo. Javier del. Eme. Laura. Pérez-Cordón. Gregorio. Whipps. Christopher M.. Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi. Current Biology. 25. 18. 2404–2410. 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.053. 26365255. 2015. free.
  8. Glücksman, Snell & Cavalier-Smith . 2013 . Phylogeny and evolution of Planomonadida (Sulcozoa): Eight new species and new genera Fabomonas and Nutomonas . European Journal of Protistology. 49 . 2 . 179–200 . 10.1016/j.ejop.2012.08.007. 23369787 .
  9. Yubuki . Naoji . Torruella . Guifré . Galindo . Luis Javier . Heiss . Aaron A. . Ciobanu . Maria Cristina . Shiratori . Takashi . Ishida . Ken‐ichiro . Blaz . Jazmin . Kim . Eunsoo . Moreira . David . López‐García . Purificación . Eme . Laura . Molecular and morphological characterization of four new ancyromonad genera and proposal for an updated taxonomy of the Ancyromonadida . Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . November 2023 . 70 . 6: e12997 . 10.1111/jeu.12997 . 1550-7408. 2117/404022 . free .