This is a list of the Chinese era names used by the various dynasties and regimes in the history of China, sorted by monarch.
The English renditions of the era names in this list are based on the Hanyu Pinyin system. However, some academic works utilize the Wade–Giles romanization. For instance, the era of Zhenguan (Chinese: 貞觀) during the reign of the Emperor Taizong of Tang is rendered as Chen-kuan in Wade–Giles.[1]
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wu of Han | ||||
| Jianyuan Chinese: 建元 | 140–135 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanguang Chinese: 元光 | 134–129 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanshuo Chinese: 元朔 | 128–123 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanshou Chinese: 元狩 | 122–117 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanding Chinese: 元鼎 | 116–111 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanfeng Chinese: 元封 | 110–105 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Taichu Chinese: 太初 | 104–101 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Tianhan Chinese: 天漢 | 100–97 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Taishi Chinese: 太始 | 96–93 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Zhenghe Chinese: 征和 | 92–89 BCE | 4 years | Or Yanhe (Chinese: 延和). | |
| Houyuan Chinese: 後元 | 88–87 BCE | 2 years | Or Hou (Chinese: 後), Zhenghehouyuan (Chinese: 征和後元). Might not be an era name. | |
| Emperor Zhao of Han | ||||
| Shiyuan Chinese: 始元 | 86–80 BCE | 7 years | ||
| Yuanfeng Chinese: 元鳳 | 80–75 BCE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanping Chinese: 元平 | 74 BCE | 1 year | Usage continued by Liu He and the Emperor Xuan of Han upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xuan of Han | ||||
| Benshi Chinese: 本始 | 73–70 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Dijie Chinese: 地節 | 69–66 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Yuankang Chinese: 元康 | 65–61 BCE | 4 years 2 months | ||
| Shenjue Chinese: 神爵 | 61–58 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Wufeng Chinese: 五鳳 | 57–54 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Ganlu Chinese: 甘露 | 53–50 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Huanglong Chinese: 黃龍 | 49 BCE | 1 year | ||
| Emperor Yuan of Han | ||||
| Chuyuan Chinese: 初元 | 48–44 BCE | 5 years | ||
| Yongguang Chinese: 永光 | 43–39 BCE | 5 years | ||
| Jianzhao Chinese: 建昭 | 38–34 BCE | 5 years | ||
| Jingning Chinese: 竟寧 | 33 BCE | 1 year | Usage continued by the Emperor Cheng of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Cheng of Han | ||||
| Jianshi Chinese: 建始 | 32–28 BCE | 4 years 2 months | ||
| Heping Chinese: 河平 | 28–25 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Yangshuo Chinese: 陽朔 | 24–21 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Hongjia Chinese: 鴻嘉 | 20–17 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Yongshi Chinese: 永始 | 16–13 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Yuanyan Chinese: 元延 | 12–9 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Suihe Chinese: 綏和 | 8–7 BCE | 2 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ai of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ai of Han | ||||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 6–3 BCE | 4 years | ||
| Taichuyuanjiang Chinese: 太初元將 | 5 BCE | 3 months | Or Taichu (Chinese: 太初). Subsequently, reverted to Jianping (Chinese: 建平). | |
| Yuanshou Chinese: 元壽 | 2–1 BCE | 2 years | Or Yuanshou (Chinese: 元受). Usage continued by the Emperor Ping of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ping of Han | ||||
| Yuanshi Chinese: 元始 | 1–5 CE | 5 years | ||
| Liu Ying | ||||
| Jushe Chinese: 居攝 | 6–8 CE | 3 years | ||
| Chushi Chinese: 初始 | 8 CE | 1 month | Or Shichu (Chinese: 始初). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang Mang | ||||
| Shijianguo Chinese: 始建國 | 9–13 CE | 5 years | Or Jianguo (Chinese: 建國). | |
| Tianfeng Chinese: 天鳳 | 14–19 CE | 6 years | Or Shijianguotianfengshangwu (Chinese: 始建國天鳳上戊), Shijianguotianfeng (Chinese: 始建國天鳳). | |
| Dihuang Chinese: 地皇 | 20–23 CE | 4 years | Or Shijianguodihuangshangwu (Chinese: 始建國地皇上戊), Shijianguodihuang (Chinese: 始建國地皇). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Guangwu of Han | ||||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 25–56 CE | 32 years | ||
| Jianwuzhongyuan Chinese: 建武中元 | 56–57 CE | 2 years | Or Zhongyuan (Chinese: 中元). Usage continued by the Emperor Ming of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ming of Han | ||||
| Yongping Chinese: 永平 | 58–75 CE | 18 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Zhang of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhang of Han | ||||
| Jianchu Chinese: 建初 | 76–84 CE | 9 years | ||
| Yuanhe Chinese: 元和 | 84–87 CE | 4 years | ||
| Zhanghe Chinese: 章和 | 84–87 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor He of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor He of Han | ||||
| Yongyuan Chinese: 永元 | 89–105 CE | 17 years | ||
| Yuanxing Chinese: 元興 | 105 CE | 9 months | ||
| Emperor Shang of Han | ||||
| Yanping Chinese: 延平 | 106 CE | 1 year | Usage continued by the Emperor An of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor An of Han | ||||
| Yongchu Chinese: 永初 | 107–113 CE | 7 years | ||
| Yuanchu Chinese: 元初 | 114–120 CE | 7 years | ||
| Yongning Chinese: 永寧 | 120–121 CE | 2 years | ||
| Jianguang Chinese: 建光 | 121–122 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yanguang Chinese: 延光 | 122–125 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by Liu Yi and the Emperor Shun of Han upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Shun of Han | ||||
| Yongjian Chinese: 永建 | 126–132 CE | 7 years | ||
| Yangjia Chinese: 陽嘉 | 132–135 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yonghe Chinese: 永和 | 136–141 CE | 6 years | ||
| Han'an Chinese: 漢安 | 142–144 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jiankang Chinese: 建康 | 144 CE | 9 months | Usage continued by the Emperor Chong of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Chong of Han | ||||
| Yongxi Chinese: 永憙 | 145 CE | 1 year | Or Yuanjia (Chinese: 元嘉), Yongjia (Chinese: 永嘉), Yongxi (Chinese: 永熹). Usage continued by the Emperor Zhi of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhi of Han | ||||
| Benchu Chinese: 本初 | 146 CE | 1 year | Usage continued by the Emperor Huan of Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Huan of Han | ||||
| Jianhe Chinese: 建和 | 147–149 CE | 3 years | ||
| Heping Chinese: 和平 | 150 CE | 1 year | ||
| Yuanjia Chinese: 元嘉 | 151–153 CE | 3 years | ||
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 153–154 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yongshou Chinese: 永壽 | 155–158 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yanxi Chinese: 延熹 | 158–167 CE | 10 years | ||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 167 CE | 6 months | ||
| Emperor Ling of Han | ||||
| Jianning Chinese: 建寧 | 168–172 CE | 5 years | ||
| Xiping Chinese: 熹平 | 172–178 CE | 7 years | ||
| Guanghe Chinese: 光和 | 178–184 CE | 7 years | ||
| Zhongping Chinese: 中平 | 184–189 CE | 6 years | ||
| Liu Bian | ||||
| Guangxi Chinese: 光熹 | 189 CE | 5 months | ||
| Zhaoning Chinese: 昭寧 | 189 CE | 2 months | ||
| Emperor Xian of Han | ||||
| Yonghan Chinese: 永漢 | 189 CE | 4 months | ||
| Zhongping Chinese: 中平 | 189 CE | 1 month | ||
| Chuping Chinese: 初平 | 190–193 CE | 4 years | ||
| Xingping Chinese: 興平 | 194–195 CE | 2 years | ||
| Jian'an Chinese: 建安 | 196–220 CE | 25 years | ||
| Yankang Chinese: 延康 | 220 CE | 7 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kui Xiao | ||||
| Hanfu Chinese: 漢复 | 23–34 CE | 12 years | ||
| Gongsun Shu | ||||
| Longxing Chinese: 龍興 | 25–36 CE | 12 years | ||
| Liu Penzi | ||||
| Jianshi Chinese: 建世 | 25–27 CE | 3 years | Or Jianshi (Chinese: 建始). | |
| Zhang Mancheng | ||||
| Shenshang Chinese: 神上 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wen of Cao Wei | ||||
| Huangchu Chinese: 黃初 | 220–226 CE | 7 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ming of Cao Wei upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ming of Cao Wei | ||||
| Taihe Chinese: 太和 | 227–233 CE | 7 years | ||
| Qinglong Chinese: 青龍 | 233–237 CE | 5 years | ||
| Jingchu Chinese: 景初 | 237–239 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by Cao Fang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Cao Fang | ||||
| Zhengshi Chinese: 正始 | 240–249 CE | 10 years | ||
| Jiaping Chinese: 嘉平 | 249–254 CE | 6 years | ||
| Cao Mao | ||||
| Zhengyuan Chinese: 正元 | 254–256 CE | 3 years | ||
| Ganlu Chinese: 甘露 | 256–260 CE | 5 years | ||
| Emperor Yuan of Cao Wei | ||||
| Jingyuan Chinese: 景元 | 260–264 CE | 5 years | ||
| Xianxi Chinese: 咸熙 | 264–265 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han | ||||
| Zhangwu Chinese: 章武 | 221–223 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Huai of Shu Han | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 223–237 CE | 15 years | ||
| Yanxi Chinese: 延熙 | 238–257 CE | 20 years | ||
| Jingyao Chinese: 景耀 | 258–263 CE | 6 years | ||
| Yanxing Chinese: 炎興 | 263 CE | 5 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Da of Eastern Wu | ||||
| Huangwu Chinese: 黃武 | 222–229 CE | 8 years | ||
| Huanglong Chinese: 黃龍 | 229–231 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jiahe Chinese: 嘉禾 | 232–238 CE | 7 years | ||
| Chiwu Chinese: 赤烏 | 238–251 CE | 14 years | ||
| Taiyuan Chinese: 太元 | 251–252 CE | 2 years | ||
| Shenfeng Chinese: 神鳳 | 252 CE | 3 months | ||
| Sun Liang | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 252–253 CE | 2 years | ||
| Wufeng Chinese: 五鳳 | 254–256 CE | 3 years | ||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 256–258 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Jing of Eastern Wu | ||||
| Yong'an Chinese: 永安 | 258–264 CE | 7 years | ||
| Sun Hao | ||||
| Yuanxing Chinese: 元興 | 264–265 CE | 2 years | ||
| Ganlu Chinese: 甘露 | 265–266 CE | 2 years | ||
| Baoding Chinese: 寶鼎 | 266–269 CE | 4 years | ||
| Jianheng Chinese: 建衡 | 269–271 CE | 3 years | ||
| Fenghuang Chinese: 鳳凰 | 272–274 CE | 3 years | ||
| Tiance Chinese: 天冊 | 275–276 CE | 2 years | ||
| Tianxi Chinese: 天璽 | 276 CE | 6 months | ||
| Tianji Chinese: 天紀 | 277–280 CE | 4 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wu of Jin | ||||
| Taishi Chinese: 泰始 | 265–274 CE | 10 years | ||
| Xianning Chinese: 咸寧 | 275–280 CE | 6 years | ||
| Taikang Chinese: 太康 | 280–289 CE | 10 years | ||
| Taixi Chinese: 太熙 | 290 CE | 4 months | ||
| Emperor Hui of Jin | ||||
| Yongxi Chinese: 永熙 | 290 CE | 9 months | ||
| Yongping Chinese: 永平 | 291 CE | 3 months | ||
| Yuankang Chinese: 元康 | 291–299 CE | 9 years | ||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 300–301 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yongning Chinese: 永寧 | 301–302 CE | 2 years | ||
| Tai'an Chinese: 太安 | 302–303 CE | 2 years | Or Da'an (Chinese: 大安). | |
| Yong'an Chinese: 永安 | 304 CE | 8 months | ||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 304 CE | 5 months | Subsequently, reverted to Yong'an (Chinese: 永安). | |
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 304–306 CE | 3 years | ||
| Guangxi Chinese: 光熙 | 306 CE | 7 months | Usage continued by the Emperor Huai of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Huai of Jin | ||||
| Yongjia Chinese: 永嘉 | 307–313 CE | 7 years | ||
| Emperor Min of Jin | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 313–317 CE | 5 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Yuan of Jin | ||||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 317–318 CE | 2 years | ||
| Daxing Chinese: 大興 | 318–321 CE | 4 years | Or Taixing (Chinese: 太興). | |
| Yongchang Chinese: 永昌 | 322–323 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ming of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ming of Jin | ||||
| Taining Chinese: 太寧 | 323–326 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Cheng of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Cheng of Jin | ||||
| Xianhe Chinese: 咸和 | 326–334 CE | 9 years | ||
| Xiankang Chinese: 咸康 | 335–342 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Kang of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Kang of Jin | ||||
| Jianyuan Chinese: 建元 | 343–344 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Mu of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Mu of Jin | ||||
| Yonghe Chinese: 永和 | 345–356 CE | 12 years | ||
| Shengping Chinese: 升平 | 357–361 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ai of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ai of Jin | ||||
| Longhe Chinese: 隆和 | 362–363 CE | 2 years | Or Chonghe (Chinese: 崇和). | |
| Xingning Chinese: 興寧 | 363–365 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by Sima Yi upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Sima Yi | ||||
| Taihe Chinese: 太和 | 366–371 CE | 6 years | ||
| Emperor Jianwen of Jin | ||||
| Xian'an Chinese: 咸安 | 371–372 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xiaowu of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xiaowu of Jin | ||||
| Ningkang Chinese: 寧康 | 373–375 CE | 3 years | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Kangning (Chinese: 康寧). | |
| Taiyuan Chinese: 太元 | 376–396 CE | 21 years | Usage continued by the Emperor An of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor An of Jin | ||||
| Long'an Chinese: 隆安 | 397–401 CE | 5 years | Or Chong'an (Chinese: 崇安). | |
| Yuanxing Chinese: 元興 | 402–404 CE | 3 years | ||
| Daheng Chinese: 大亨 | 402 CE | 9 months | Subsequently, reverted to Long'an (Chinese: 隆安). | |
| Yixi Chinese: 義熙 | 405–419 CE | 15 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Gong of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Gong of Jin | ||||
| Yuanxi Chinese: 元熙 | 419–420 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wudao of Huan Chu | ||||
| Yongshi Chinese: 永始 | 403–404 CE | 2 years | ||
| Huan Qian | ||||
| Tiankang Chinese: 天康 | 404–405 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhao Xin | ||||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 300–301 CE | 2 months | ||
| Sima Lun | ||||
| Jianshi Chinese: 建始 | 301 CE | 4 months | ||
| Qiu Shen | ||||
| Shenfeng Chinese: 神鳳 | 303 CE | 4 months | ||
| Sima Bao | ||||
| Jiankang Chinese: 建康 | 319–320 CE | 2 years | ||
| Li Hong | ||||
| Fenghuang Chinese: 鳳凰 | 370 CE | 1 year | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Guangwen of Han-Zhao | ||||
| Yuanxi Chinese: 元熙 | 304–308 CE | 5 years | ||
| Yongfeng Chinese: 永鳳 | 308–309 CE | 2 years | ||
| Herui Chinese: 河瑞 | 309–310 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by Liu He upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhaowu of Han-Zhao | ||||
| Guangxing Chinese: 光興 | 310–311 CE | 2 years | ||
| Jiaping Chinese: 嘉平 | 311–315 CE | 5 years | ||
| Jianyuan Chinese: 建元 | 315–316 CE | 2 years | ||
| Linjia Chinese: 麟嘉 | 316–318 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Yin of Han-Zhao | ||||
| Hanchang Chinese: 漢昌 | 318 CE | 3 months | ||
| Liu Yao | ||||
| Guangchu Chinese: 光初 | 318–329 CE | 12 years | Or Zuochu (Chinese: 佐初). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Jing of Cheng-Han | ||||
| Jianchu Chinese: 建初 | 303–304 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by Li Liu upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wu of Cheng-Han | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 304–306 CE | 3 years | ||
| Yanping Chinese: 晏平 | 306–310 CE | 5 years | Or Xuanping (Chinese: 宣平). | |
| Yuheng Chinese: 玉衡 | 311–334 CE | 24 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ai of Cheng-Han and Li Qi upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Dawu Chinese: 大武 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Li Qi | ||||
| Yuheng Chinese: 玉恒 | 335–338 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Zhaowen of Cheng-Han | ||||
| Hanxing Chinese: 漢興 | 338–343 CE | 6 years | Usage continued by Li Shi upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Li Shi | ||||
| Taihe Chinese: 太和 | 344–346 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jianing Chinese: 嘉寧 | 346–347 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Ming of Later Zhao | ||||
| Taihe Chinese: 太和 | 328–330 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 330–333 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by Shi Hong upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Shi Hong | ||||
| Yanxi Chinese: 延熙 | 334 CE | 1 year | Usage continued by the Emperor Wu of Later Zhao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wu of Later Zhao | ||||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 335–348 CE | 14 years | ||
| Taining Chinese: 太寧 | 349 CE | 1 year | Or Taining (Chinese: 泰宁). Usage continued by Shi Shi, Shi Zun, and Shi Jian upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Yongxi Chinese: 永熙 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Yanxing Chinese: 延興 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Shi Jian | ||||
| Qinglong Chinese: 青龍 | 350 CE | 3 months | ||
| Shi Zhi | ||||
| Yongning Chinese: 永寧 | 350–351 CE | 1 year 1 month | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Ming of Former Liang | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 317–320 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Jin. Or Yong'an (Chinese: 永安). | |
| Prince Cheng of Former Liang | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 320–324 CE | 5 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Jin. Or Yongyuan (Chinese: 永元). | |
| Prince Wen of Former Liang | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 324–346 CE | 23 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Jin. Or Taiyuan (Chinese: 太元). | |
| Prince Huan of Former Liang | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 346–353 CE | 8 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Jin. Or Yongle (Chinese: 永樂). | |
| Prince Wei of Former Liang | ||||
| Heping Chinese: 和平 | 354–355 CE | 2 years | ||
| Prince Chong of Former Liang | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 355–361 CE | 6 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Jin. | |
| Shengping Chinese: 升平 | 361–363 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mu of Jin. Or Taishi (Chinese: 太始). | |
| Zhang Tianxi | ||||
| Shengping Chinese: 升平 | 363–376 CE | 14 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mu of Jin. Or Taiqing (Chinese: 太清). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wenming of Former Yan | ||||
| Yanyuan Chinese: 燕元 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Jingzhao of Former Yan | ||||
| Yuanxi Chinese: 元璽 | 352–357 CE | 6 years | ||
| Guangshou Chinese: 光壽 | 357–359 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor You of Former Yan | ||||
| Jianxi Chinese: 建熙 | 360–370 CE | 11 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Jingming of Former Qin | ||||
| Huangshi Chinese: 皇始 | 351–355 CE | 5 years | ||
| Fu Sheng | ||||
| Shouguang Chinese: 壽光 | 355–357 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin | ||||
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 357–359 CE | 3 years | ||
| Ganlu Chinese: 甘露 | 359–364 CE | 6 years | ||
| Jianyuan Chinese: 建元 | 365–385 CE | 21 years | ||
| Emperor Aiping of Former Qin | ||||
| Tai'an Chinese: 太安 | 385–386 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Gao of Former Qin | ||||
| Taichu Chinese: 太初 | 386–394 CE | 9 years | ||
| Fu Chong | ||||
| Yanchu Chinese: 延初 | 394 CE | 4 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Chengwu of Later Yan | ||||
| Yanyuan Chinese: 燕元 | 384–386 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 386–396 CE | 11 years | ||
| Emperor Huimin of Later Yan | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 396–398 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Zhaowu of Later Yan | ||||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 398 CE | 3 months | ||
| Changle Chinese: 長樂 | 399–401 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Zhaowen of Later Yan | ||||
| Guangshi Chinese: 光始 | 401–406 CE | 6 years | ||
| Jianshi Chinese: 建始 | 407 CE | 7 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wuzhao of Later Qin | ||||
| Baique Chinese: 白雀 | 384–386 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jianchu Chinese: 建初 | 386–394 CE | 9 years | ||
| Emperor Wenhuan of Later Qin | ||||
| Huangchu Chinese: 皇初 | 394–399 CE | 6 years | ||
| Hongshi Chinese: 弘始 | 399–416 CE | 18 years | ||
| Yao Hong | ||||
| Yonghe Chinese: 永和 | 416–417 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Xuanlie of Western Qin | ||||
| Jianyi Chinese: 建義 | 385–388 CE | 4 years | ||
| Prince Wuyuan of Western Qin | ||||
| Taichu Chinese: 太初 | 388–400 CE | 13 years | ||
| Prince Wuyuan of Western Qin | ||||
| Gengshi Chinese: 更始 | 409–412 CE | 4 years | ||
| Prince Wenzhao of Western Qin | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 412–419 CE | 8 years | ||
| Jianhong Chinese: 建弘 | 420–428 CE | 9 years | ||
| Qifu Mumo | ||||
| Yonghong Chinese: 永弘 | 428–431 CE | 4 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Yiwu of Later Liang | ||||
| Tai'an Chinese: 太安 | 386–389 CE | 4 years | Or Da'an (Chinese: 大安). | |
| Linjia Chinese: 麟嘉 | 389–396 CE | 8 years | ||
| Longfei Chinese: 龍飛 | 396–399 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by Lü Shao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Chengkang Chinese: 承康 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Ling of Later Liang | ||||
| Xianning Chinese: 咸寧 | 399–401 CE | 3 years | ||
| Lü Long | ||||
| Shending Chinese: 神鼎 | 401–403 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Wu of Wuwei | ||||
| Taichu Chinese: 太初 | 397–399 CE | 3 years | ||
| Prince Kang of Hexi | ||||
| Jianhe Chinese: 建和 | 400–402 CE | 3 years | ||
| Prince Jing of Southern Liang | ||||
| Hongchang Chinese: 弘昌 | 402–404 CE | 3 years | Or Hongchang (Chinese: 宏昌). | |
| Jiaping Chinese: 嘉平 | 408–414 CE | 7 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duan Ye | ||||
| Shenxi Chinese: 神璽 | 397–399 CE | 3 years | ||
| Tianxi Chinese: 天璽 | 399–401 CE | 3 years | Or Liuxi (Chinese: 六璽). | |
| Prince Wuxuan of Northern Liang | ||||
| Yong'an Chinese: 永安 | 401–412 CE | 12 years | ||
| Xuanshi Chinese: 玄始 | 412–428 CE | 17 years | Or Yuanshi (Chinese: 元始). | |
| Zhenxing Chinese: 真興 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Chengxuan Chinese: 承玄 | 428–431 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yihe Chinese: 義和 | 431–433 CE | 3 years | ||
| Chengyang Chinese: 承陽 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Yuanhe Chinese: 緣禾 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Prince Ai of Northern Liang | ||||
| Chenghe Chinese: 承和 | 433–439 CE | 7 years | Or Yonghe (Chinese: 永和). | |
| Taiyuan Chinese: 太緣 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Juqu Wuhui | ||||
| Chengping Chinese: 承平 | 443–460 CE | 18 years | Usage continued by Juqu Anzhou upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Xianwu of Southern Yan | ||||
| Yanping Chinese: 燕平 | 398–400 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 400–405 CE | 6 years | ||
| Murong Chao | ||||
| Taishang Chinese: 太上 | 405–410 CE | 6 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Wuzhao of Western Liang | ||||
| Gengzi Chinese: 庚子 | 400–404 CE | 5 years | ||
| Jianchu Chinese: 建初 | 405–417 CE | 13 years | ||
| Li Xin | ||||
| Jiaxing Chinese: 嘉興 | 417–420 CE | 4 years | ||
| Li Xun | ||||
| Yongjian Chinese: 永建 | 420–421 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wulie of Hu Xia | ||||
| Longsheng Chinese: 龍昇 | 407–413 CE | 7 years | ||
| Fengxiang Chinese: 鳳翔 | 413–418 CE | 6 years | ||
| Changwu Chinese: 昌武 | 418–419 CE | 3 months | ||
| Zhenxing Chinese: 真興 | 419–425 CE | 7 years | ||
| Helian Chang | ||||
| Chengguang Chinese: 承光 | 419–425 CE | 7 years | Or Chengyang (Chinese: 承陽), Yongguang (Chinese: 永光). | |
| Helian Ding | ||||
| Shengguang Chinese: 勝光 | 428–431 CE | 4 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Huiyi of Northern Yan | ||||
| Zhengshi Chinese: 正始 | 407–409 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor Wencheng of Northern Yan | ||||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 409–430 CE | 22 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Zhaocheng of Northern Yan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhaocheng of Northern Yan | ||||
| Taixing Chinese: 太興 | 431–436 CE | 6 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Liewen of Western Yan | ||||
| Yanxing Chinese: 燕興 | 384 CE | 9 months | ||
| Emperor Wei of Western Yan | ||||
| Gengshi Chinese: 更始 | 385–386 CE | 2 years | ||
| Duan Sui | ||||
| Changping Chinese: 昌平 | 386 CE | 2 months | ||
| Murong Yi | ||||
| Jianming Chinese: 建明 | 386 CE | 1 month | ||
| Emperor Wen of Western Yan | ||||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 386 CE | 1 month | ||
| Murong Zhong | ||||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 386 CE | 7 months | ||
| Murong Yong | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 386–394 CE | 9 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhai Liao | ||||
| Jianguang Chinese: 建光 | 388–391 CE | 4 years | ||
| Zhai Zhao | ||||
| Dingding Chinese: 定鼎 | 391–392 CE | 2 years | Or Shending (Chinese: 神鼎). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gou Quzhi | ||||
| Pingzhao Chinese: 平趙 | 320 CE | 1 month | ||
| Hou Ziguang | ||||
| Longxing Chinese: 龍興 | 337 CE | 1 month | ||
| Zhang Ju | ||||
| Jianchang Chinese: 建昌 | 352 CE | 5 months | ||
| Zhang Yu | ||||
| Heilong Chinese: 黑龍 | 374 CE | 4 months | ||
| Zhang Dayu | ||||
| Fenghuang Chinese: 鳳凰 | 386 CE | 10 months | ||
| Dou Chong | ||||
| Yuanguang Chinese: 元光 | 393–394 CE | 2 years | ||
| Murong Xiang | ||||
| Jianshi Chinese: 建始 | 397 CE | 3 months | ||
| Murong Lin | ||||
| Yanping Chinese: 延平 | 397 CE | 4 months | ||
| Lan Han | ||||
| Qinglong Chinese: 青龍 | 398 CE | 4 months | ||
| Wang Shi | ||||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 403 CE | 1 month | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei | ||||
| Dengguo Chinese: 登國 | 386–396 CE | 11 years | ||
| Huangshi Chinese: 皇始 | 396–398 CE | 3 years | ||
| Tianxing Chinese: 天興 | 398–404 CE | 7 years | ||
| Tianci Chinese: 天賜 | 404–409 CE | 6 years | ||
| Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei | ||||
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 409–413 CE | 5 years | ||
| Shenrui Chinese: 神瑞 | 414–416 CE | 3 years | ||
| Taichang Chinese: 泰常 | 416–423 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei | ||||
| Shiguang Chinese: 始光 | 424–428 CE | 5 years | ||
| Shenjia Chinese: 神䴥 | 428–431 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yanhe Chinese: 延和 | 432–435 CE | 4 years | ||
| Taiyan Chinese: 太延 | 435–440 CE | 6 years | ||
| Taipingzhenjun Chinese: 太平真君 | 440–451 CE | 12 years | ||
| Zhengping Chinese: 正平 | 451–452 CE | 2 years | ||
| Tuoba Yu | ||||
| Chengping Chinese: 承平 | 452 CE | 9 months | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Yongping (Chinese: 永平). | |
| Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei | ||||
| Xing'an Chinese: 興安 | 452–454 CE | 3 years | ||
| Xingguang Chinese: 興光 | 454–455 CE | 2 years | ||
| Tai'an Chinese: 太安 | 455–459 CE | 5 years | ||
| Heping Chinese: 和平 | 460–465 CE | 6 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei | ||||
| Tian'an Chinese: 天安 | 466–467 CE | 2 years | ||
| Huangxing Chinese: 皇興 | 467–471 CE | 5 years | ||
| Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei | ||||
| Yanxing Chinese: 延興 | 471–476 CE | 6 years | ||
| Chengming Chinese: 承明 | 476 CE | 7 months | ||
| Taihe Chinese: 太和 | 477–499 CE | 23 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei | ||||
| Jingming Chinese: 景明 | 500–504 CE | 5 years | ||
| Zhengshi Chinese: 正始 | 504–508 CE | 5 years | ||
| Yongping Chinese: 永平 | 508–512 CE | 5 years | ||
| Yanchang Chinese: 延昌 | 512–515 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei | ||||
| Xiping Chinese: 熙平 | 516–518 CE | 3 years | ||
| Shengui Chinese: 神龜 | 518–520 CE | 3 years | ||
| Zhengguang Chinese: 正光 | 520–525 CE | 6 years | ||
| Xiaochang Chinese: 孝昌 | 525–528 CE | 4 years | ||
| Wutai Chinese: 武泰 | 528 CE | 5 months | Usage continued by Yuan Zhao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei | ||||
| Jianyi Chinese: 建義 | 528 CE | 6 months | ||
| Yong'an Chinese: 永安 | 528–530 CE | 3 years | ||
| Yuan Ye | ||||
| Jianming Chinese: 建明 | 530–531 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei | ||||
| Putai Chinese: 普泰 | 531 CE | 9 months | Or Pujia (Chinese: 普嘉). | |
| Yuan Lang | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 531–532 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei | ||||
| Taichang Chinese: 太昌 | 532 CE | 9 months | ||
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 532 CE | 1 month | ||
| Yongxi Chinese: 永熙 | 532–534 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei | ||||
| Tianping Chinese: 天平 | 534–537 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yuanxiang Chinese: 元象 | 538–539 CE | 2 years | ||
| Xinghe Chinese: 興和 | 539–542 CE | 4 years | ||
| Wuding Chinese: 武定 | 543–550 CE | 8 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wen of Western Wei | ||||
| Datong Chinese: 大統 | 535–551 CE | 17 years | ||
| Yuan Qin | ||||
| Qianming Chinese: 乾明 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi | ||||
| Tianbao Chinese: 天保 | 550–559 CE | 10 years | Usage continued by Gao Yin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Gao Yin | ||||
| Qianming Chinese: 乾明 | 560 CE | 8 months | ||
| Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi | ||||
| Huangjian Chinese: 皇建 | 560–561 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi | ||||
| Taining Chinese: 太寧 | 561–562 CE | 2 years | Or Daning (Chinese: 大寧), Taining (Chinese: 泰寧). | |
| Heqing Chinese: 河清 | 562–565 CE | 4 years | ||
| Gao Wei | ||||
| Tiantong Chinese: 天統 | 565–569 CE | 5 years | ||
| Wuping Chinese: 武平 | 570–576 CE | 7 years | ||
| Longhua Chinese: 隆化 | 576 CE | 1 month | ||
| Gao Yanzong | ||||
| Dechang Chinese: 德昌 | 576 CE | 1 month | ||
| Gao Heng | ||||
| Chengguang Chinese: 承光 | 577 CE | 3 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou | ||||
| Wucheng Chinese: 武成 | 559–560 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Wuding Chinese: 武定 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou | ||||
| Baoding Chinese: 保定 | 561–565 CE | 5 years | ||
| Tianhe Chinese: 天和 | 566–572 CE | 7 years | ||
| Jiande Chinese: 建德 | 572–578 CE | 7 years | ||
| Xuanzheng Chinese: 宣政 | 578 CE | 10 months | Usage continued by the Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou | ||||
| Dacheng Chinese: 大成 | 579 CE | 2 months | ||
| Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou | ||||
| Daxiang Chinese: 大象 | 579–580 CE | 2 years | ||
| Dading Chinese: 大定 | 581 CE | 2 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wu of Liu Song | ||||
| Yongchu Chinese: 永初 | 420–422 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by Liu Yifu upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Liu Yifu | ||||
| Jingping Chinese: 景平 | 423–424 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Wen of Liu Song | ||||
| Yuanjia Chinese: 元嘉 | 424–453 CE | 30 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song | ||||
| Xiaojian Chinese: 孝建 | 454–456 CE | 3 years | ||
| Daming Chinese: 大明 | 457–464 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by Liu Ziye upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Liu Ziye | ||||
| Yongguang Chinese: 永光 | 465 CE | 8 months | ||
| Jinghe Chinese: 景和 | 465 CE | 4 months | ||
| Emperor Ming of Liu Song | ||||
| Taishi Chinese: 泰始 | 466–471 CE | 6 years | ||
| Taiyu Chinese: 泰豫 | 472 CE | 1 year | Usage continued by Liu Yu upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Liu Yu | ||||
| Yuanhui Chinese: 元徽 | 473–477 CE | 5 years | ||
| Emperor Shun of Liu Song | ||||
| Shengming Chinese: 昇明 | 477–479 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gao of Southern Qi | ||||
| Jianyuan Chinese: 建元 | 479–482 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Wu of Southern Qi upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wu of Southern Qi | ||||
| Yongming Chinese: 永明 | 483–493 CE | 11 years | Usage continued by Xiao Zhaoye upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Xiao Zhaoye | ||||
| Longchang Chinese: 隆昌 | 494 CE | 7 months | ||
| Xiao Zhaowen | ||||
| Yanxing Chinese: 延興 | 494 CE | 4 months | ||
| Emperor Ming of Southern Qi | ||||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 494–498 CE | 5 years | ||
| Yongtai Chinese: 永泰 | 498 CE | 9 months | Usage continued by Xiao Baojuan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Xiao Baojuan | ||||
| Yongyuan Chinese: 永元 | 499–501 CE | 3 years | ||
| Emperor He of Southern Qi | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 501–502 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wu of Liang | ||||
| Tianjian Chinese: 天監 | 502–519 CE | 18 years | ||
| Putong Chinese: 普通 | 520–527 CE | 8 years | ||
| Datong Chinese: 大通 | 527–529 CE | 3 years | ||
| Zhongdatong Chinese: 中大通 | 529–534 CE | 6 years | ||
| Datong Chinese: 大同 | 535–546 CE | 12 years | ||
| Zhongdatong Chinese: 中大同 | 546–547 CE | 2 years | ||
| Taiqing Chinese: 太清 | 547–549 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Jianwen of Liang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Jianwen of Liang | ||||
| Dabao Chinese: 大寶 | 550–551 CE | 2 years | ||
| Xiao Dong | ||||
| Tianzheng Chinese: 天正 | 551 CE | 4 months | ||
| Emperor Yuan of Liang | ||||
| Chengsheng Chinese: 承聖 | 552–555 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Min of Liang | ||||
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 555 CE | 6 months | ||
| Emperor Jing of Liang | ||||
| Shaotai Chinese: 紹泰 | 555–556 CE | 2 years | ||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 556–557 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Xuan of Western Liang | ||||
| Dading Chinese: 大定 | 555–562 CE | 8 years | ||
| Emperor Ming of Western Liang | ||||
| Tianbao Chinese: 天保 | 562–585 CE | 24 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Jing of Western Liang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Jing of Western Liang | ||||
| Guangyun Chinese: 廣運 | 586–587 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wu of Chen | ||||
| Yongding Chinese: 永定 | 557–559 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Wen of Chen upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wen of Chen | ||||
| Tianjia Chinese: 天嘉 | 560–566 CE | 7 years | ||
| Tiankang Chinese: 天康 | 566 CE | 11 months | Usage continued by Chen Bozong upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Chen Bozong | ||||
| Guangda Chinese: 光大 | 567–568 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Xuan of Chen | ||||
| Taijian Chinese: 太建 | 569–582 CE | 14 years | Usage continued by Chen Shubao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Chen Shubao | ||||
| Zhide Chinese: 至德 | 583–586 CE | 4 years | ||
| Zhenming Chinese: 禎明 | 587–589 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Guangkaitu of Gaogouli | ||||
| Yongle Chinese: 永樂 | 391–412 CE | 22 years | ||
| Unknown monarch(s) | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | Unknown | Unknown | The 7th year of Yongkang might be 396 CE, 418 CE, 483 CE, or 551 CE. | |
| Yanshou Chinese: 延壽 | Unknown | Unknown | The 1st year of Yanshou might be 451 CE or 511 CE. | |
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | Unknown | Unknown | The 5th year of Jianxing might be 476 CE, 536 CE, or 596 CE. | |
| Yanjia Chinese: 延嘉 | Unknown | Unknown | The 7th year of Yanjia might be 479 CE or 539 CE. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shouluobuzhen Khagan | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 464–484 CE | 21 years | Usage might be from 466 CE to 484 CE, for a total length of 19 years. | |
| Fumingdun Khagan | ||||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 485–491 CE | 7 years | ||
| Houqifudaikuzhe Khagan | ||||
| Tai'an Chinese: 太安 | 492–505 CE | 14 years | ||
| Tuohan Khagan | ||||
| Shiping Chinese: 始平 | 506–507 CE | 2 years | ||
| Douluofubadoufa Khagan | ||||
| Jianchang Chinese: 建昌 | 508–520 CE | 13 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kan Bozhou | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 466–477 CE | 12 years | Adopted the era name of the Shouluobuzhen Khagan. | |
| Kan Yicheng | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 477–478 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Shouluobuzhen Khagan. | |
| Kan Shougui | ||||
| Yongkang Chinese: 永康 | 478–485 CE | 12 years | Adopted the era name of the Shouluobuzhen Khagan. | |
| Zhang Mengming | ||||
| Jianchu Chinese: 建初 | 489–496 CE | 8 years | Might be the era name of Kan Shougui from 489 CE to 491 CE, used for a total length of 3 years. | |
| Qu Jia | ||||
| Chengping Chinese: 承平 | 502–509 CE | 8 years | Usage might be from 502 CE to 510 CE, for a total length of 9 years. | |
| Yixi Chinese: 義熙 | 510–525 CE | 16 years | Usage might be from 511 CE to 523 CE, for a total length of 13 years. | |
| Qu Guang | ||||
| Ganlu Chinese: 甘露 | 525–530 CE | 6 years | ||
| Qu Jian | ||||
| Zhanghe Chinese: 章和 | 531–548 CE | 18 years | ||
| Qu Xuanxi | ||||
| Yongping Chinese: 永平 | 549–550 CE | 2 years | ||
| Successor to Qu Xuanxi (name unknown) | ||||
| Heping Chinese: 和平 | 551–554 CE | 4 years | ||
| Qu Baomao | ||||
| Jianchang Chinese: 建昌 | 555–560 CE | 6 years | ||
| Qu Qiangu | ||||
| Yanchang Chinese: 延昌 | 561–601 CE | 41 years | ||
| Qu Boya | ||||
| Yanhe Chinese: 延和 | 602–613 CE | 12 years | ||
| Usurper (name unknown) | ||||
| Yihe Chinese: 義和 | 614–619 CE | 6 years | ||
| Qu Boya | ||||
| Chongguang Chinese: 重光 | 620–623 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by Qu Wentai upon his ascension to the throne. Might be the era name of Qu Wentai. | |
| Qu Wentai | ||||
| Yanshou Chinese: 延壽 | 624–640 CE | 17 years | Usage continued by Qu Zhisheng upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baiya Lisi | ||||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 415–416 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by Liu Hu upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Li Bao | ||||
| Longxing Chinese: 龍興 | 422–442 CE | 21 years | ||
| Cheng Daoyang | ||||
| Taishi Chinese: 泰始 | 432–437 CE | 6 years | ||
| Liu Shao | ||||
| Taichu Chinese: 太初 | 453 CE | 3 months | ||
| Lu Shuang | ||||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 454 CE | 4 months | ||
| Liu Hun | ||||
| Yongguang Chinese: 永光 | 455 CE | 1 month | Or Yuanguang (Chinese: 元光), Yunguang (Chinese: 允光). | |
| Liu Zixun | ||||
| Yijia Chinese: 義嘉 | 466 CE | 8 months | ||
| Sima Xiaojun | ||||
| Shengjun Chinese: 聖君 | 471 CE | 1 year | ||
| Tang Yuzhi | ||||
| Xingping Chinese: 興平 | 486 CE | 1 year | ||
| Yong Daoxi | ||||
| Jianyi Chinese: 建義 | 500 CE | 2 months | ||
| Fan Su'an | ||||
| Zhengshi Chinese: 正始 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Lü Gou'er | ||||
| Jianming Chinese: 建明 | 506 CE | 7 months | ||
| Chen Zhan | ||||
| Shengming Chinese: 聖明 | 506 CE | 7 months | ||
| Emperor Wenjing of Western Wei | ||||
| Jianping Chinese: 建平 | 508 CE | 2 months | ||
| Faqing | ||||
| Dacheng Chinese: 大乘 | 515 CE | 3 months | ||
| Poliuhan Baling | ||||
| Zhenwang Chinese: 真王 | 524–525 CE | 2 years | ||
| Mozhe Niansheng | ||||
| Tianjian Chinese: 天建 | 524–527 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yuan Faseng | ||||
| Tianqi Chinese: 天啟 | 525 CE | 3 months | Or Daqi (Chinese: 大啟). | |
| Du Luozhou | ||||
| Zhenwang Chinese: 真王 | 525–528 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of Poliuhan Baling. | |
| Liu Lisheng | ||||
| Shenjia Chinese: 神嘉 | 525–535 CE | 11 years | ||
| Xianyu Xiuli | ||||
| Luxing Chinese: 魯興 | 526 CE | 8 months | Or Puxing (Chinese: 普興). | |
| Chen Shuangchi | ||||
| Shijian Chinese: 始建 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Ge Rong | ||||
| Guang'an Chinese: 廣安 | 526–528 CE | 3 years | ||
| Liu Huo, Zheng Bian | ||||
| Tianshou Chinese: 天授 | 527 CE | 1 month | ||
| Xiao Baoyin | ||||
| Longxu Chinese: 隆緒 | 527–528 CE | 2 years | ||
| Xing Gao | ||||
| Tiantong Chinese: 天統 | 528–529 CE | 2 years | ||
| Moqi Chounu | ||||
| Shenshou Chinese: 神獸 | 528–530 CE | 3 years | Or Shenhu (Chinese: 神虎), Shenping (Chinese: 神平). | |
| Yuan Hao | ||||
| Xiaoji Chinese: 孝基 | 529 CE | 2 months | ||
| Jianwu Chinese: 建武 | 529 CE | 3 months | ||
| Yuan Yue | ||||
| Gengxing Chinese: 更興 | 530–532 CE | 3 years | Or Gengxin (Chinese: 更新). | |
| Xianyu Chen | ||||
| Shangyuan Chinese: 上願 | 535 CE | 1 year | ||
| Wang Tiaochu, Cao Erlong | ||||
| Pingdu Chinese: 平都 | 536 CE | 1 month | ||
| Liu Jinggong | ||||
| Yonghan Chinese: 永漢 | 542 CE | 2 months | ||
| Xiao Zhengde | ||||
| Zhengping Chinese: 正平 | 548–549 CE | 2 years | ||
| Xiao Ji | ||||
| Tianzheng Chinese: 天正 | 552–553 CE | 2 years | ||
| Xiao Zhuang | ||||
| Tianqi Chinese: 天啟 | 558–560 CE | 3 years | ||
| Liu Moduo | ||||
| Shiping Chinese: 石平 | 577 CE | 1 month | ||
| Gao Shaoyi | ||||
| Wuping Chinese: 武平 | 578 CE | 1 year | Might be a continuation of the era name of Gao Wei. | |
| Unknown | ||||
| Antai Chinese: 安太 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Unknown | ||||
| Baique Chinese: 白雀 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Wen of Sui | ||||
| Kaihuang Chinese: 開皇 | 581–600 CE | 20 years | ||
| Renshou Chinese: 仁壽 | 601–604 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Yang of Sui upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Yang of Sui | ||||
| Daye Chinese: 大業 | 605–618 CE | 14 years | ||
| Yang You | ||||
| Yining Chinese: 義寧 | 617–618 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yang Tong | ||||
| Huangtai Chinese: 皇泰 | 618–619 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiang Haiming | ||||
| Bainiao Chinese: 白鳥 | 613 CE | 1 month | ||
| Liu Jialun | ||||
| Dashi Chinese: 大世 | 614 CE | 1 month | ||
| Zhu Can | ||||
| Changda Chinese: 昌達 | 615–619 CE | 5 years | Usage might be from 618 CE to 619 CE, for a total length of 2 years. | |
| Cao Shiqi | ||||
| Shixing Chinese: 始興 | 616 CE | 1 month | Or Tiancheng (Chinese: 天成). | |
| Lin Shihong | ||||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 616–622 CE | 7 years | Or Yankang (Chinese: 延康), Tiancheng (Chinese: 天成). | |
| Dou Jiande | ||||
| Dingchou Chinese: 丁丑 | 617–618 CE | 2 years | ||
| Wufeng Chinese: 五鳳 | 618–621 CE | 4 years | ||
| Li Mi | ||||
| Yongping Chinese: 永平 | 617–618 CE | 2 years | ||
| Liu Wuzhou | ||||
| Tianxing Chinese: 天興 | 617–620 CE | 4 years | ||
| Guo Zihe | ||||
| Zhengping Chinese: 正平 | 617–618 CE | 2 years | Or Chouping (Chinese: 丑平). | |
| Xue Ju | ||||
| Qinxing Chinese: 秦興 | 617–618 CE | 2 years | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Taixing (Chinese: 泰興). | |
| Xiao Xian | ||||
| Mingfeng Chinese: 鳴鳳 | 617–621 CE | 5 years | Or Fengming (Chinese: 鳳鳴). | |
| Li Gui | ||||
| Anle Chinese: 安樂 | 617–619 CE | 3 years | ||
| Cao Wuche | ||||
| Tongsheng Chinese: 通聖 | 617 CE | 1 month | ||
| Liang Shidu | ||||
| Yonglong Chinese: 永隆 | 618–628 CE | 11 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozu of Tang | ||||
| Wude Chinese: 武德 | 618–626 CE | 9 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Taizong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Taizong of Tang | ||||
| Zhenguan Chinese: 貞觀 | 627–649 CE | 23 years | Or Zhengguan (Chinese: 正觀). Usage continued by the Emperor Gaozong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Gaozong of Tang | ||||
| Yonghui Chinese: 永徽 | 650–655 CE | 6 years | ||
| Xianqing Chinese: 顯慶 | 656–661 CE | 6 years | Or Mingqing (Chinese: 明慶), Guangqing (Chinese: 光慶). | |
| Longshuo Chinese: 龍朔 | 661–663 CE | 3 years | ||
| Linde Chinese: 麟德 | 664–665 CE | 2 years | ||
| Qianfeng Chinese: 乾封 | 666–668 CE | 3 years | ||
| Zongzhang Chinese: 總章 | 668–670 CE | 3 years | ||
| Xianheng Chinese: 咸亨 | 670–674 CE | 5 years | ||
| Shangyuan Chinese: 上元 | 674–676 CE | 3 years | ||
| Yifeng Chinese: 儀鳳 | 676–679 CE | 4 years | ||
| Tiaolu Chinese: 調露 | 679–680 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yonglong Chinese: 永隆 | 680–681 CE | 2 years | Or Yongchong (Chinese: 永崇). | |
| Kaiyao Chinese: 開耀 | 681–682 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yongchun Chinese: 永淳 | 682–683 CE | 2 years | ||
| Hongdao Chinese: 弘道 | 683 CE | 1 month | ||
| Emperor Zhongzong of Tang | ||||
| Sisheng Chinese: 嗣聖 | 684 CE | 2 months | ||
| Emperor Ruizong of Tang | ||||
| Wenming Chinese: 文明 | 684 CE | 7 months | ||
| Guangzhai Chinese: 光宅 | 684 CE | 4 months | ||
| Chuigong Chinese: 垂拱 | 685–688 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yongchang Chinese: 永昌 | 689 CE | 11 months | ||
| Zaichu Chinese: 載初 | 689–690 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wu Zhao | ||||
| Tianshou Chinese: 天授 | 690–692 CE | 3 years | ||
| Ruyi Chinese: 如意 | 692 CE | 6 months | ||
| Changshou Chinese: 長壽 | 692–694 CE | 3 years | ||
| Yanzai Chinese: 延載 | 694 CE | 8 months | ||
| Zhengsheng Chinese: 証聖 | 695 CE | 9 months | ||
| Tiancewansui Chinese: 天冊萬歲 | 695 CE | 3 months | ||
| Wansuidengfeng Chinese: 萬歲登封 | 695–696 CE | 4 months | ||
| Wansuitongtian Chinese: 萬歲通天 | 696–697 CE | 2 years | ||
| Shengong Chinese: 神功 | 697 CE | 4 months | ||
| Shengli Chinese: 聖曆 | 698–700 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jiushi Chinese: 久視 | 700–701 CE | 2 years | ||
| Dazu Chinese: 大足 | 701 CE | 10 months | ||
| Chang'an Chinese: 長安 | 701–704 CE | 4 years | ||
| Shenlong Chinese: 神龍 | 705–707 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Zhongzong of Tang upon his second ascension to the throne. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Zhongzong of Tang | ||||
| Jinglong Chinese: 景龍 | 707–710 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Shang of Tang | ||||
| Tanglong Chinese: 唐隆 | 710 CE | 2 months | Or Tangyuan (Chinese: 唐元), Tangxing (Chinese: 唐興), Tang'an (Chinese: 唐安). | |
| Emperor Ruizong of Tang | ||||
| Jingyun Chinese: 景雲 | 710–712 CE | 3 years | ||
| Taiji Chinese: 太極 | 712 CE | 4 months | ||
| Yanhe Chinese: 延和 | 712 CE | 4 months | ||
| Emperor Xuanzong of Tang | ||||
| Xiantian Chinese: 先天 | 712–713 CE | 2 years | ||
| Kaiyuan Chinese: 開元 | 713–741 CE | 29 years | ||
| Tianbao Chinese: 天寶 | 742–756 CE | 15 years | In the 1st lunar month of the 3rd year of Tianbao, the official term for "year" was switched from "" (Chinese: 年) to "" (Chinese: 載).[2] | |
| Emperor Suzong of Tang | ||||
| Zhide Chinese: 至德 | 756–758 CE | 3 years | The official term used for "year" was "" (Chinese: 載). | |
| Qianyuan Chinese: 乾元 | 758–760 CE | 3 years | In the 2nd lunar month of the 1st year of Qianyuan, the official term for "year" was switched from "" (Chinese: 載) back to "" (Chinese: 年). | |
| Shangyuan Chinese: 上元 | 760–761 CE | 2 years | ||
| Baoying Chinese: 寶應 | 762–763 CE | 2 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Daizong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Daizong of Tang | ||||
| Guangde Chinese: 廣德 | 763–764 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yongtai Chinese: 永泰 | 765–766 CE | 2 years | ||
| Dali Chinese: 大曆 | 766–779 CE | 14 years | ||
| Emperor Dezong of Tang | ||||
| Jianzhong Chinese: 建中 | 780–783 CE | 4 years | ||
| Xingyuan Chinese: 興元 | 784 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhenyuan Chinese: 貞元 | 785–805 CE | 21 years | ||
| Emperor Shunzong of Tang | ||||
| Yongzhen Chinese: 永貞 | 805 CE | 5 months | ||
| Emperor Xianzong of Tang | ||||
| Yuanhe Chinese: 元和 | 806–820 CE | 15 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Muzong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Muzong of Tang | ||||
| Yongxin Chinese: 永新 | 820 CE | 1 year | Subsequently, reverted to Yuanhe (Chinese: 元和). | |
| Changqing Chinese: 長慶 | 821–824 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Jingzong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Jingzong of Tang | ||||
| Baoli Chinese: 寶歷 | 825–827 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Wenzong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wenzong of Tang | ||||
| Dahe Chinese: 大和 | 827–835 CE | 9 years | Or Taihe (Chinese: 太和). | |
| Kaicheng Chinese: 開成 | 836–840 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Wuzong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wuzong of Tang | ||||
| Huichang Chinese: 會昌 | 841–846 CE | 6 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xuanzong of Tang | ||||
| Dazhong Chinese: 大中 | 847–860 CE | 14 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Yizong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Yizong of Tang | ||||
| Xiantong Chinese: 咸通 | 860–874 CE | 15 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xizong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xizong of Tang | ||||
| Qianfu Chinese: 乾符 | 874–879 CE | 6 years | ||
| Guangming Chinese: 廣明 | 880–881 CE | 2 years | ||
| Zhonghe Chinese: 中和 | 881–885 CE | 5 years | ||
| Guangqi Chinese: 光啟 | 885–888 CE | 4 years | ||
| Wende Chinese: 文德 | 888 CE | 11 months | Usage continued by the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhaozong of Tang | ||||
| Longji Chinese: 龍紀 | 889 CE | 1 year | ||
| Dashun Chinese: 大順 | 890–891 CE | 2 years | ||
| Jingfu Chinese: 景福 | 892–893 CE | 2 years | ||
| Qianning Chinese: 乾寧 | 894–898 CE | 5 years | ||
| Guanghua Chinese: 光化 | 898–901 CE | 4 years | ||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天復 | 901–904 CE | 4 years | ||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 904–907 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ai of Tang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Wu of Bohai | ||||
| Ren'an Chinese: 仁安 | 720–737 CE | 18 years | Usage might be from 718 CE to 737 CE, for a total length of 20 years; or from 719 CE to 737 CE, for a total length of 19 years. | |
| King Wen of Bohai | ||||
| Daxing Chinese: 大興 | 738–794 CE | 57 years | Usage might be from 737 CE to 774 CE, then from 786 CE to 793 CE, for a total length of 45 years; or from 737 CE to 774 CE, then from 785 CE to 793 CE, for a total length of 46 years. | |
| Baoli Chinese: 寶曆 | 774–785 CE | 12 years | Usage might be from 774 CE to 786 CE, for a total length of 13 years. Subsequently, reverted to Daxing (Chinese: 大興). | |
| King Cheng of Bohai | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 794 CE | 1 year | ||
| King Kang of Bohai | ||||
| Zhengli Chinese: 正曆 | 795–809 CE | 15 years | Usage might be from 794 CE to 808 CE, for a total length of 15 years; or from 795 CE to 807 CE, for a total length of 13 years. | |
| King Ding of Bohai | ||||
| Yongde Chinese: 永德 | 810–812 CE | 3 years | Usage might be from 808 CE to 812 CE, for a total length of 5 years; or from 808 CE to 811 CE, for a total length of 4 years. | |
| King Xi of Bohai | ||||
| Zhuque Chinese: 朱雀 | 813–817 CE | 5 years | Usage might be from 812 CE to 817 CE, for a total length of 6 years; or from 812 CE to 816 CE, for a total length of 5 years. | |
| King Jian of Bohai | ||||
| Taishi Chinese: 太始 | 818 CE | 1 year | Usage might be from 813 CE to 817 CE, for a total length of 5 years; or from 817 CE to 818 CE, for a total length of 2 years. | |
| King Xuan of Bohai | ||||
| Jianxing Chinese: 建興 | 819–830 CE | 12 years | Usage might be from 818 CE to 830 CE, for a total length of 13 years. | |
| Da Yizhen | ||||
| Xianhe Chinese: 咸和 | 831–857 CE | 27 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Shenwu of Nanzhao | ||||
| Zanpuzhong Chinese: 贊普鐘 | 752–768 CE | 17 years | ||
| Changshou Chinese: 長壽 | 769–779 CE | 11 years | ||
| King Xiaohuan of Nanzhao | ||||
| Jianlong Chinese: 見龍 | 780–783 CE | 4 years | ||
| Shangyuan Chinese: 上元 | 784 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Yuanfeng Chinese: 元封 | ?–808 CE | Unknown | ||
| King Xiaohui of Nanzhao | ||||
| Yingdao Chinese: 應道 | 809 CE | 1 year | ||
| King You of Nanzhao | ||||
| Longxing Chinese: 龍興 | 810–816 CE | 7 years | ||
| King Jing of Nanzhao | ||||
| Quanyi Chinese: 全義 | 816–819 CE | 4 years | ||
| Dafeng Chinese: 大豐 | 820–823 CE | 4 years | ||
| King Zhaocheng of Nanzhao | ||||
| Baohe Chinese: 保和 | 824–839 CE | 16 years | Or Baohe (Chinese: 保合). | |
| Tianqi Chinese: 天啟 | 840–859 CE | 20 years | ||
| Emperor Jingzhuang of Dali | ||||
| Jianji Chinese: 建極 | 860–877 CE | 18 years | ||
| Emperor Wuxuan of Dafengmin | ||||
| Zhenming Chinese: 貞明 | 878 CE–? | Unknown | Or Zhenmingchengzhidatong (Chinese: 貞明承智大同). | |
| Chengzhi Chinese: 承智 | Unknown | Unknown | Or Zhenmingchengzhidatong (Chinese: 貞明承智大同). | |
| Datong Chinese: 大同 | ?–888 CE | Unknown | Or Zhenmingchengzhidatong (Chinese: 貞明承智大同). | |
| Cuoye Chinese: 嵯耶 | 889–897 CE | 9 years | ||
| Emperor Xiao'ai of Dafengmin | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 897–902 CE | 6 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Guanglie of Yan | ||||
| Shengwu Chinese: 聖武 | 756–757 CE | 2 years | ||
| An Qingxu | ||||
| Zaichu Chinese: 載初 | 757 CE | 9 months | ||
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 758–759 CE | 2 years | Or Tianhe (Chinese: 天和), Zhicheng (Chinese: 至成). | |
| Emperor Zhaowu of Yan | ||||
| Yingtian Chinese: 應天 | 759 CE | 3 months | ||
| Shuntian Chinese: 順天 | 759–761 CE | 3 years | ||
| Shi Chaoyi | ||||
| Xiansheng Chinese: 顯聖 | 761–763 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viśa' Saṃbhava | ||||
| Tongqing Chinese: 同慶 | 912–966 CE | 55 years | Or Kaiqing (Chinese: 開慶). | |
| Viśa' Śūra | ||||
| Tianzun Chinese: 天尊 | 967–977 CE | 11 years | ||
| Viśa' Dharma | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 978–985 CE | 8 years | ||
| Viśa' Sangrāma | ||||
| Tianxing Chinese: 天興 | 986–999 CE | 14 years | ||
| Unknown | ||||
| Tianshou Chinese: 天壽 | 999–1001 CE | 3 years | Usage might be from 999 CE to 1005 CE, for a total length of 7 years. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuwen Huaji | ||||
| Tianshou Chinese: 天壽 | 618–619 CE | 2 years | ||
| Gao Kaidao | ||||
| Shixing Chinese: 始興 | 618–624 CE | 7 years | Or Tiancheng (Chinese: 天成). | |
| Gao Tancheng | ||||
| Falun Chinese: 法輪 | 618 CE | 1 month | ||
| Shen Faxing | ||||
| Yankang Chinese: 延康 | 619–620 CE | 2 years | ||
| Wang Shichong | ||||
| Kaiming Chinese: 開明 | 619–621 CE | 3 years | ||
| Li Zitong | ||||
| Mingzheng Chinese: 明政 | 619–621 CE | 3 years | ||
| Liu Heita | ||||
| Tianzao Chinese: 天造 | 622–623 CE | 2 years | ||
| Fu Gongshi | ||||
| Tianming Chinese: 天明 | 623–624 CE | 2 years | ||
| Qiande Chinese: 乾德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Wang Mosha | ||||
| Jintong Chinese: 進通 | 623 CE | 1 year | ||
| Li Chongfu | ||||
| Zhongyuankefu Chinese: 中元克復 | 710 CE | 2 months | Or Zhongzongkefu (Chinese: 中宗克復). | |
| Duan Zizhang | ||||
| Huanglong Chinese: 黃龍 | 761 CE | 3 months | ||
| Li Zhen | ||||
| Zhengde Chinese: 正德 | 761 CE | 1 year | ||
| Yuan Chao | ||||
| Baosheng Chinese: 寶勝 | 762–763 CE | 2 years | Or Shengguo (Chinese: 升國). | |
| Zhu Ci | ||||
| Yingtian Chinese: 應天 | 783 CE | 3 months | ||
| Tianhuang Chinese: 天皇 | 784 CE | 6 months | ||
| Li Xilie | ||||
| Wucheng Chinese: 武成 | 784–786 CE | 3 years | ||
| Qiu Fu | ||||
| Luoping Chinese: 羅平 | 860 CE | 7 months | ||
| Huang Chao | ||||
| Wangba Chinese: 王霸 | 878–880 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jintong Chinese: 金統 | 880–884 CE | 5 years | ||
| Li Yun | ||||
| Jianzhen Chinese: 建貞 | 886 CE | 3 months | Or Yongzhen (Chinese: 永貞). | |
| Dong Chang | ||||
| Shuntian Chinese: 順天 | 895–896 CE | 2 years | Or Dasheng (Chinese: 大聖), Tiance (Chinese: 天冊), Tiansheng (Chinese: 天聖). | |
| Prince Pu of Tang dynasty | ||||
| Tianshou Chinese: 天壽 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Later Liang | ||||
| Kaiping Chinese: 開平 | 907–911 CE | 5 years | ||
| Qianhua Chinese: 乾化 | 911–913 CE | 3 years | Usage later restored during the reign of Zhu Youzhen. | |
| Zhu Yougui | ||||
| Fengli Chinese: 鳳曆 | 913 CE | 2 months | ||
| Zhu Youzhen | ||||
| Qianhua Chinese: 乾化 | 913–915 CE | 3 years | Restored the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Liang. | |
| Zhenming Chinese: 貞明 | 915–921 CE | 7 years | ||
| Longde Chinese: 龍德 | 921–923 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang | ||||
| Tongguang Chinese: 同光 | 923–926 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang | ||||
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 926–930 CE | 5 years | ||
| Changxing Chinese: 長興 | 930–933 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Min of Later Tang | ||||
| Yingshun Chinese: 應順 | 934 CE | 4 months | ||
| Li Congke | ||||
| Qingtai Chinese: 清泰 | 934–936 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 936–944 CE | 9 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Chu of Later Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Chu of Later Jin | ||||
| Kaiyun Chinese: 開運 | 944–946 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozu of Later Han | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 947 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 948–950 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Yin of Later Han upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou | ||||
| Guangshun Chinese: 廣順 | 951–953 CE | 3 years | ||
| Xiande Chinese: 顯德 | 954–960 CE | 7 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou and the Emperor Gong of Later Zhou upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozu of Former Shu | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天復 | 907 CE | 1 month | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Wucheng Chinese: 武成 | 908–910 CE | 3 years | ||
| Yongping Chinese: 永平 | 911–915 CE | 5 years | ||
| Tongzheng Chinese: 通正 | 916 CE | 1 year | ||
| Tianhan Chinese: 天漢 | 917 CE | 1 year | ||
| Guangtian Chinese: 光天 | 918 CE | 1 year | Or Guangda (Chinese: 光大), Guangda (Chinese: 廣大). Usage continued by Wang Yan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Wang Yan | ||||
| Qiande Chinese: 乾德 | 919–924 CE | 6 years | ||
| Xiankang Chinese: 咸康 | 925 CE | 11 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Yang Wu | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天復 | 902–904 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 904–905 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Emperor Liezu of Yang Wu | ||||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 905–908 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Emperor Gaozu of Yang Wu | ||||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 908–919 CE | 12 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Wuyi Chinese: 武義 | 919–921 CE | 3 years | Or Banyi (Chinese: 頒義). Usage continued by the Emperor Rui of Yang Wu upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Rui of Yang Wu | ||||
| Shunyi Chinese: 順義 | 921–927 CE | 7 years | ||
| Qianzhen Chinese: 乾貞 | 927–929 CE | 3 years | ||
| Dahe Chinese: 大和 | 929–935 CE | 7 years | ||
| Tianzuo Chinese: 天祚 | 935–937 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Wumu of Ma Chu | ||||
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 927–930 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| King Hengyang of Ma Chu | ||||
| Changxing Chinese: 長興 | 930–932 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| King Wenzhao of Ma Chu | ||||
| Changxing Chinese: 長興 | 930–932 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Yingshun Chinese: 應順 | 934 CE | 4 months | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Later Tang. | |
| Qingtai Chinese: 清泰 | 934–936 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of Li Congke. | |
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 936–944 CE | 9 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| Kaiyun Chinese: 開運 | 944–946 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Chu of Later Jin. | |
| Ma Xiguang | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 947 CE | 1 month | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 948–950 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han. | |
| King Gongxiao of Ma Chu | ||||
| Baoda Chinese: 保大 | 950–951 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Yuanzong of Southern Tang. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Taizu of Wuyue | ||||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 907 CE | 1 month | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Tianbao Chinese: 天寶 | 908–912 CE | 5 years | ||
| Fengli Chinese: 鳳曆 | 913 CE | 1 month | Adopted the era name of Zhu Yougui. | |
| Qianhua Chinese: 乾化 | 913–915 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Liang. | |
| Zhenming Chinese: 貞明 | 915–921 CE | 7 years | Adopted the era name of Zhu Youzhen. | |
| Longde Chinese: 龍德 | 921–923 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of Zhu Youzhen. | |
| Baoda Chinese: 寶大 | 924–925 CE | 2 years | Or Baotai (Chinese: 寶太). | |
| Baozheng Chinese: 寶正 | 926–931 CE | 6 years | Or Baozhen (Chinese: 寶貞), Baozhen (Chinese: 保貞). | |
| Guangchu Chinese: 廣初 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Zhengming Chinese: 正明 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| King Shizong of Wuyue | ||||
| Changxing Chinese: 長興 | 932–933 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Yingshun Chinese: 應順 | 934 CE | 4 months | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Later Tang. | |
| Qingtai Chinese: 清泰 | 934–936 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of Li Congke. | |
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 936–941 CE | 6 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| King Chengzong of Wuyue | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 941–944 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| Kaiyun Chinese: 開運 | 944–946 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Chu of Later Jin. | |
| King Zhongxun of Wuyue | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 947 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| King Zhongyi of Qin | ||||
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 948–950 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han. | |
| Guangshun Chinese: 廣順 | 951–953 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou. | |
| Xiande Chinese: 顯德 | 954–960 CE | 7 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou. | |
| Jianlong Chinese: 建隆 | 960–963 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Qiande Chinese: 乾德 | 963–968 CE | 6 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Kaibao Chinese: 開寶 | 968–976 CE | 9 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Taipingxingguo Chinese: 太平興國 | 976–978 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizong of Song. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Min | ||||
| Kaiping Chinese: 開平 | 909–911 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Liang. | |
| Qianhua Chinese: 乾化 | 911–915 CE | 5 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Liang. | |
| Zhenming Chinese: 貞明 | 915–921 CE | 7 years | Adopted the era name of Zhu Youzhen. | |
| Longde Chinese: 龍德 | 921–923 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of Zhu Youzhen. | |
| Tongguang Chinese: 同光 | 923–925 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang. | |
| Wang Yanhan | ||||
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 926 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Emperor Huizong of Min | ||||
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 926–930 CE | 5 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Changxing Chinese: 長興 | 930–932 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Longqi Chinese: 龍啟 | 933–934 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yonghe Chinese: 永和 | 935–936 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Kangzong of Min | ||||
| Tongwen Chinese: 通文 | 936–939 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Jingzong of Min | ||||
| Yonglong Chinese: 永隆 | 939–944 CE | 6 years | ||
| Tiande Emperor | ||||
| Tiande Chinese: 天德 | 943–945 CE | 3 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozu of Southern Han | ||||
| Qianheng Chinese: 乾亨 | 917–925 CE | 9 years | ||
| Bailong Chinese: 白龍 | 925–928 CE | 4 years | ||
| Dayou Chinese: 大有 | 928–942 CE | 15 years | ||
| Emperor Shang of Southern Han | ||||
| Guangtian Chinese: 光天 | 942–943 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Zhongzong of Southern Han | ||||
| Yingqian Chinese: 應乾 | 943 CE | 8 months | ||
| Qianhe Chinese: 乾和 | 943–958 CE | 16 years | ||
| Liu Chang | ||||
| Dabao Chinese: 大寶 | 958–971 CE | 14 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Wuxin of Chu | ||||
| Tongguang Chinese: 同光 | 924–926 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang. | |
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 926–928 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Qianzhen Chinese: 乾貞 | 928 CE | 7 months | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Rui of Yang Wu. | |
| Prince Wenxian of Nanping | ||||
| Qianzhen Chinese: 乾貞 | 929 CE | 6 months | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Rui of Yang Wu. | |
| Tiancheng Chinese: 天成 | 929–930 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Changxing Chinese: 長興 | 930–933 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Yingshun Chinese: 應順 | 934 CE | 4 months | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. | |
| Qingtai Chinese: 清泰 | 934–936 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of Li Congke. | |
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 936–944 CE | 9 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| Kaiyun Chinese: 開運 | 944–946 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Chu of Later Jin. | |
| Tianfu Chinese: 天福 | 947 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin. | |
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 948 CE | 10 months | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han. | |
| Prince Zhenyi of Nanping | ||||
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 948–950 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han. | |
| Guangshun Chinese: 廣順 | 951–953 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou. | |
| Xiande Chinese: 顯德 | 954–960 CE | 7 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou. | |
| Gao Baoxu | ||||
| Jianlong Chinese: 建隆 | 960–962 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Gao Jichong | ||||
| Jianlong Chinese: 建隆 | 962–963 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozu of Later Shu | ||||
| Mingde Chinese: 明德 | 934–937 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by Meng Chang upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Meng Chang | ||||
| Guangzheng Chinese: 廣政 | 938–965 CE | 28 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang | ||||
| Shengyuan Chinese: 昇元 | 937–943 CE | 7 years | Or Shengyuan (Chinese: 升元). | |
| Emperor Yuanzong of Southern Tang | ||||
| Baoda Chinese: 保大 | 943–957 CE | 15 years | ||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 958 CE | 2 months | ||
| Jiaotai Chinese: 交泰 | 958 CE | 3 months | ||
| Xiande Chinese: 顯德 | 958–961 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou for external purposes. The era name Jiaotai (Chinese: 交泰) remained in use for domestic purposes. | |
| Li Yu | ||||
| Xiande Chinese: 顯德 | 961–962 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou for external purposes. The era name Jiaotai (Chinese: 交泰) remained in use for domestic purposes. | |
| Jianlong Chinese: 建隆 | 963 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Qiande Chinese: 乾德 | 963–968 CE | 6 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Kaibao Chinese: 開寶 | 968–975 CE | 8 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Taizu of Song. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Shizu of Northern Han | ||||
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 951–954 CE | 4 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han. | |
| Emperor Ruizong of Northern Han | ||||
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 954–956 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han. | |
| Tianhui Chinese: 天會 | 957–973 CE | 17 years | Usage continued by Liu Ji'en and the Emperor Yingwu of Northern Han upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Yingwu of Northern Han | ||||
| Guangyun Chinese: 廣運 | 974–979 CE | 6 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Huan of Dachanghe | ||||
| Anguo Chinese: 安國 | 903–909 CE | 7 years | ||
| Emperor Suwen of Dachanghe | ||||
| Shiyuan Chinese: 始元 | 910 CE–? | Unknown | Or Xiaozhi (Chinese: 孝治). | |
| Tianruijingxing Chinese: 天瑞景星 | Unknown | Unknown | Or Tianrui (Chinese: 天瑞). | |
| Anhe Chinese: 安和 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Zhenyou Chinese: 貞祐 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Chuli Chinese: 初歷 | ?–926 CE | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Gonghui of Dachanghe | ||||
| Tianying Chinese: 天應 | 927 CE | 1 year | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Sugong of Dayining | ||||
| Xingsheng Chinese: 興聖 | 930 CE | 1 year | ||
| Yang Zhao | ||||
| Daming Chinese: 大明 | 931–937 CE | 7 years | ||
| Dingxin Chinese: 鼎新 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Guangsheng Chinese: 光聖 | Unknown | Unknown | Or Kesheng (Chinese: 克聖). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li Keyong | ||||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 904–908 CE | 5 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Li Cunxu | ||||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 908–923 CE | 16 years | Adopted the era name of the Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | ||||
| Anguoshengzhi Chinese: 安國聖治 | Unknown | Unknown | Might be the era name of the Emperor Huan of Dachanghe. | |
| Zhang Yuxian | ||||
| Yongle Chinese: 永樂 | 942–943 CE | 2 years | Or Changle (Chinese: 長樂). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Liao | ||||
| Shence Chinese: 神冊 | 916–922 CE | 7 years | ||
| Tianzan Chinese: 天贊 | 922–926 CE | 5 years | ||
| Tianxian Chinese: 天顯 | 926–938 CE | 13 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Taizong of Liao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Taizong of Liao | ||||
| Huitong Chinese: 會同 | 938–947 CE | 10 years | ||
| Datong Chinese: 大同 | 947 CE | 8 months | Usage continued by the Emperor Shizong of Liao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Shizong of Liao | ||||
| Tianlu Chinese: 天祿 | 947–951 CE | 5 years | ||
| Emperor Muzong of Liao | ||||
| Yingli Chinese: 應曆 | 951–969 CE | 19 years | ||
| Emperor Jingzong of Liao | ||||
| Baoning Chinese: 保寧 | 969–979 CE | 11 years | ||
| Qianheng Chinese: 乾亨 | 979–983 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Shengzong of Liao upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Shengzong of Liao | ||||
| Tonghe Chinese: 統和 | 983–1012 CE | 30 years | ||
| Kaitai Chinese: 開泰 | 1012–1021 CE | 10 years | ||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 1021–1031 CE | 11 years | ||
| Emperor Xingzong of Liao | ||||
| Jingfu Chinese: 景福 | 1031–1032 CE | 2 years | ||
| Chongxi Chinese: 重熙 | 1032–1055 CE | 24 years | Or Chonghe (Chinese: 重和), Chongxi (Chinese: 崇熙). | |
| Emperor Daozong of Liao | ||||
| Qingning Chinese: 清寧 | 1055–1064 CE | 10 years | ||
| Xianyong Chinese: 咸雍 | 1065–1074 CE | 10 years | ||
| Dakang Chinese: 大康 | 1075–1084 CE | 10 years | Or Taikang (Chinese: 太康). | |
| Da'an Chinese: 大安 | 1085–1094 CE | 10 years | ||
| Shouchang Chinese: 壽昌 | 1095–1101 CE | 7 years | Or Shoulong (Chinese: 壽隆), Shengchang (Chinese: 盛昌). | |
| Emperor Tianzuo of Liao | ||||
| Qiantong Chinese: 乾統 | 1101–1110 CE | 10 years | Or Qiantong (Chinese: 乾通). | |
| Tianqing Chinese: 天慶 | 1111–1120 CE | 10 years | ||
| Baoda Chinese: 保大 | 1121–1125 CE | 5 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Xuanzong of Northern Liao | ||||
| Jianfu Chinese: 建福 | 1122 CE | 4 months | Or Tianfu (Chinese: 天福). | |
| Xiao Puxiannü | ||||
| Dexing Chinese: 德興 | 1122 CE | 7 months | ||
| Yelü Yali | ||||
| Shenli Chinese: 神曆 | 1123 CE | 6 months | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Dezong of Western Liao | ||||
| Yanqing Chinese: 延慶 | 1124–1133 CE | 10 years | Usage might be from 1125 CE to 1133 CE, for a total length of 9 years. | |
| Kangguo Chinese: 康國 | 1134–1143 CE | 10 years | Usage might be from 1127 CE to 1136 CE, for a total length of 10 years. | |
| Xiao Tabuyan | ||||
| Xianqing Chinese: 咸清 | 1144–1150 CE | 7 years | Usage might be from 1136 CE to 1142 CE, for a total length of 7 years. | |
| Gantian Chinese: 感天 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Renzong of Western Liao | ||||
| Shaoxing Chinese: 紹興 | 1151–1163 CE | 13 years | Usage might be from 1142 CE to 1154 CE, for a total length of 13 years. | |
| Xuxing Chinese: 續興 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Muxing Chinese: 穆興 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Yelü Pusuwan | ||||
| Chongfu Chinese: 崇福 | 1164–1177 CE | 14 years | Usage might be from 1154 CE to 1168 CE, for a total length of 15 years. | |
| Huangde Chinese: 皇德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Zhongde Chinese: 重德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Yelü Zhilugu | ||||
| Tianxi Chinese: 天禧 | 1178–1211 CE | 34 years | Or Tianxi (Chinese: 天喜). Usage might be from 1168 CE to 1201 CE, for a total length of 34 years. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gao Yongchang | ||||
| Longji Chinese: 隆基 | 1116 CE | 4 months | Or Yingshun (Chinese: 應順). | |
| Huilibao | ||||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天復 | 1123 CE | 8 months | ||
| Xiao Gan | ||||
| Tiansi Chinese: 天嗣 | 1123 CE | 1 year | Or Tianxing (Chinese: 天興), Tianfu (Chinese: 天阜). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Song | ||||
| Jianlong Chinese: 建隆 | 960–963 CE | 4 years | ||
| Qiande Chinese: 乾德 | 963–968 CE | 6 years | ||
| Kaibao Chinese: 開寶 | 968–976 CE | 9 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Taizong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Taizong of Song | ||||
| Taipingxingguo Chinese: 太平興國 | 976–984 CE | 9 years | ||
| Yongxi Chinese: 雍熙 | 984–987 CE | 4 years | ||
| Duangong Chinese: 端拱 | 988–989 CE | 2 years | ||
| Chunhua Chinese: 淳化 | 990–994 CE | 5 years | ||
| Zhidao Chinese: 至道 | 995–997 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Zhenzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhenzong of Song | ||||
| Xianping Chinese: 咸平 | 998–1003 CE | 6 years | ||
| Jingde Chinese: 景德 | 1004–1007 CE | 4 years | ||
| Dazhongxiangfu Chinese: 大中祥符 | 1008–1016 CE | 9 years | ||
| Tianxi Chinese: 天禧 | 1017–1021 CE | 5 years | ||
| Qianxing Chinese: 乾興 | 1022 CE | 1 year | Usage continued by the Emperor Renzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Renzong of Song | ||||
| Tiansheng Chinese: 天聖 | 1023–1032 CE | 10 years | ||
| Mingdao Chinese: 明道 | 1032–1033 CE | 2 years | ||
| Jingyou Chinese: 景祐 | 1034–1038 CE | 5 years | ||
| Baoyuan Chinese: 寶元 | 1038–1040 CE | 3 years | ||
| Kangding Chinese: 康定 | 1040–1041 CE | 2 years | ||
| Qingli Chinese: 慶曆 | 1041–1048 CE | 8 years | ||
| Huangyou Chinese: 皇祐 | 1049–1054 CE | 6 years | ||
| Zhihe Chinese: 至和 | 1054–1056 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jiayou Chinese: 嘉祐 | 1056–1063 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Yingzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Yingzong of Song | ||||
| Zhiping Chinese: 治平 | 1064–1067 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Shenzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Shenzong of Song | ||||
| Xining Chinese: 熙寧 | 1068–1077 CE | 10 years | ||
| Yuanfeng Chinese: 元豐 | 1078–1085 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Zhezong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Zhezong of Song | ||||
| Yuanyou Chinese: 元祐 | 1086–1094 CE | 9 years | ||
| Shaosheng Chinese: 紹聖 | 1094–1098 CE | 5 years | ||
| Yuanfu Chinese: 元符 | 1098–1100 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Huizong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Huizong of Song | ||||
| Jianzhongjingguo Chinese: 建中靖國 | 1101 CE | 1 year | ||
| Chongning Chinese: 崇寧 | 1102–1106 CE | 5 years | ||
| Daguan Chinese: 大觀 | 1107–1110 CE | 4 years | ||
| Zhenghe Chinese: 政和 | 1111–1118 CE | 8 years | ||
| Chonghe Chinese: 重和 | 1118–1119 CE | 2 years | ||
| Xuanhe Chinese: 宣和 | 1119–1125 CE | 7 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Qinzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Qinzong of Song | ||||
| Jingkang Chinese: 靖康 | 1126–1127 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Gaozong of Song | ||||
| Jianyan Chinese: 建炎 | 1127–1130 CE | 4 years | ||
| Shaoxing Chinese: 紹興 | 1131–1162 CE | 32 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xiaozong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xiaozong of Song | ||||
| Longxing Chinese: 隆興 | 1163–1164 CE | 2 years | ||
| Qiandao Chinese: 乾道 | 1165–1173 CE | 9 years | ||
| Chunxi Chinese: 淳熙 | 1165–1173 CE | 9 years | Originally proposed as Chunxi (Chinese: 純熙). Or Chunxi (Chinese: 湻熙). Usage continued by the Emperor Guangzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Guangzong of Song | ||||
| Shaoxi Chinese: 紹熙 | 1190–1194 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ningzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Ningzong of Song | ||||
| Qingyuan Chinese: 慶元 | 1195–1200 CE | 6 years | ||
| Jiatai Chinese: 嘉泰 | 1201–1204 CE | 4 years | ||
| Kaixi Chinese: 開禧 | 1205–1207 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jiading Chinese: 嘉定 | 1208–1224 CE | 17 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Lizong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Lizong of Song | ||||
| Baoqing Chinese: 寶慶 | 1225–1227 CE | 3 years | ||
| Shaoding Chinese: 紹定 | 1228–1233 CE | 6 years | ||
| Duanping Chinese: 端平 | 1234–1236 CE | 3 years | ||
| Jiaxi Chinese: 嘉熙 | 1237–1240 CE | 4 years | ||
| Chunyou Chinese: 淳祐 | 1241–1252 CE | 12 years | ||
| Baoyou Chinese: 寶祐 | 1253–1258 CE | 6 years | ||
| Kaiqing Chinese: 開慶 | 1259 CE | 1 year | ||
| Jingding Chinese: 景定 | 1260–1264 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Duzong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Duzong of Song | ||||
| Xianchun Chinese: 咸淳 | 1265–1274 CE | 10 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Gong of Song upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Gong of Song | ||||
| Deyou Chinese: 德祐 | 1275–1276 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Duanzong of Song | ||||
| Jingyan Chinese: 景炎 | 1276–1278 CE | 3 years | ||
| Zhao Bing | ||||
| Xiangxing Chinese: 祥興 | 1278–1279 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Dali | ||||
| Wende Chinese: 文德 | 938 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Shenwu Chinese: 神武 | ?–944 CE | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Wenjing of Dali | ||||
| Wenjing Chinese: 文經 | 945 CE | 1 year | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Wenjingwulüe (Chinese: 文經武略). | |
| Emperor Shengci of Dali | ||||
| Zhizhi Chinese: 至治 | 946–951 CE | 6 years | Or Zhizhi (Chinese: 致治). Sometimes erroneously referred to as Zhuzhi (Chinese: 主治). | |
| Emperor Guangci of Dali | ||||
| Mingde Chinese: 明德 | 952 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Guangde Chinese: 廣德 | ?–967 CE | Unknown | ||
| Shunde Chinese: 順德 | 968 CE | 1 year | Or Shengde (Chinese: 聖德). | |
| Emperor Yingdao of Dali | ||||
| Mingzheng Chinese: 明政 | 969–985 CE | 17 years | Or Mingzheng (Chinese: 明正). | |
| Emperor Zhaoming of Dali | ||||
| Guangming Chinese: 廣明 | 986 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Mingtong Chinese: 明統 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Mingsheng Chinese: 明聖 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Mingde Chinese: 明德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Mingzhi Chinese: 明治 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Mingfa Chinese: 明法 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Mingying Chinese: 明應 | 1006 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Mingyun Chinese: 明運 | ?–1009 CE | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Xuansu of Dali | ||||
| Mingqi Chinese: 明啟 | 1010–1022 CE | 13 years | Or Qimingtiansheng (Chinese: 啟明天聖). | |
| Qianxing Chinese: 乾興 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Bingyi of Dali | ||||
| Mingtong Chinese: 明通 | 1023–1026 CE | 4 years | Or Mingtongtiansheng (Chinese: 明通天聖). | |
| Emperor Shengde of Dali | ||||
| Zhengzhi Chinese: 正治 | 1027–1041 CE | 15 years | ||
| Emperor Tianming of Dali | ||||
| Shengming Chinese: 聖明 | 1042 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Tianming Chinese: 天明 | ?–1044 CE | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Xingzong of Dali | ||||
| Bao'an Chinese: 保安 | 1045–1052 CE | 8 years | ||
| Zheng'an Chinese: 政安 | 1053 CE–? | Unknown | Or Zheng'an (Chinese: 正安). | |
| Zhengde Chinese: 正德 | Unknown | Unknown | Or Zhengde (Chinese: 政德). | |
| Baode Chinese: 保德 | ?–1074 CE | Unknown | ||
| Tai'an Chinese: 太安 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Minghou Chinese: 明侯 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Shangde of Dali | ||||
| Shangde Chinese: 上德 | 1076 CE | 1 year | ||
| Guang'an Chinese: 廣安 | 1077–1080 CE | 4 years | ||
| Emperor Shangming of Dali | ||||
| Shangming Chinese: 上明 | 1081 CE | 1 year | ||
| Emperor Baoding of Dali | ||||
| Baoli Chinese: 保立 | 1082 CE | 1 year | Or Baoding (Chinese: 保定). | |
| Jian'an Chinese: 建安 | 1083–1091 CE | 9 years | ||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 1091–1094 CE | 4 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Zhongzong of Dali | ||||
| Tianshou Chinese: 天授 | 1096 CE | 1 year | ||
| Mingkai Chinese: 明開 | 1097–1103 CE | 7 years | Or Kaiming (Chinese: 開明). | |
| Tianzheng Chinese: 天政 | 1103–1104 CE | 2 years | Or Tianzheng (Chinese: 天正). | |
| Wen'an Chinese: 文安 | 1104–1108 CE | 5 years | ||
| Emperor Xianzong of Dali | ||||
| Rixin Chinese: 日新 | 1109–1110 CE | 2 years | ||
| Wenzhi Chinese: 文治 | 1110 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Yongjia Chinese: 永嘉 | ?–1128 CE | Unknown | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Wenjia (Chinese: 文嘉). | |
| Baotian Chinese: 保天 | 1129–1137 CE | 9 years | Or Tianbao (Chinese: 天保). | |
| Guangyun Chinese: 廣運 | 1138–1147 CE | 10 years | ||
| Emperor Jingzong of Dali | ||||
| Yongzhen Chinese: 永貞 | 1148 CE | 1 year | ||
| Dabao Chinese: 大寶 | 1149–1156 CE | 8 years | Or Tianbao (Chinese: 天寶). | |
| Longxing Chinese: 龍興 | 1157–1161 CE | 5 years | ||
| Shengming Chinese: 盛明 | 1162 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Jiande Chinese: 建德 | ?–1171 CE | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Xuanzong of Dali | ||||
| Lizhen Chinese: 利貞 | 1172–1174 CE | 4 years | ||
| Shengde Chinese: 盛德 | 1176–1180 CE | 5 years | ||
| Jiahui Chinese: 嘉會 | 1181–1184 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yuanheng Chinese: 元亨 | 1185–1195 CE | 11 years | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Hengli (Chinese: 亨利). | |
| Ding'an Chinese: 定安 | 1195–1200 CE | 6 years | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Anding (Chinese: 安定). | |
| Hengshi Chinese: 亨時 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Yingzong of Dali | ||||
| Fengli Chinese: 鳳曆 | 1200 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Yuanshou Chinese: 元壽 | ?–1204 CE | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Shenzong of Dali | ||||
| Tiankai Chinese: 天開 | 1205–1225 CE | 21 years | ||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天輔 | 1226 CE | 1 year | ||
| Renshou Chinese: 仁壽 | 1227–1238 CE | 12 years | ||
| Emperor Xiaoyi of Dali | ||||
| Daolong Chinese: 道隆 | 1239–1251 CE | 13 years | ||
| Duan Xingzhi | ||||
| Tianding Chinese: 天定 | 1251–1254 CE | 4 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duan Sikuang | ||||
| Shunde Chinese: 順德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Gao Guanyinlong | ||||
| Xingzheng Chinese: 興正 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Gao Guanyinzheng | ||||
| Zhide Chinese: 至德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Unknown | ||||
| Daben Chinese: 大本 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Unknown | ||||
| Zhongyuan Chinese: 鍾元 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Unknown | ||||
| Longde Chinese: 隆德 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Unknown | ||||
| Yongdao Chinese: 永道 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Li Shun | ||||
| Yingyun Chinese: 應運 | 994 CE | 5 months | ||
| Wang Jun | ||||
| Huashun Chinese: 化順 | 1000 CE | 10 months | ||
| Wang Ze | ||||
| Desheng Chinese: 得聖 | 1047–1048 CE | 4 months | Or Desheng (Chinese: 得勝), Desheng (Chinese: 德勝), Detian (Chinese: 得天). | |
| Nong Zhigao | ||||
| Jingrui Chinese: 景瑞 | 1049–1052 CE | 4 years | ||
| Qili Chinese: 啟歷 | 1052–1053 CE | 2 years | ||
| Duanyi Chinese: 端懿 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Dali Chinese: 大歷 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Zhao Shen | ||||
| Longxing Chinese: 隆興 | 1102 CE | 1 year | Or Longxing (Chinese: 龍興). | |
| Fang La | ||||
| Yongle Chinese: 永樂 | 1120–1121 CE | 2 years | ||
| Zhao Fu | ||||
| Mingshou Chinese: 明受 | 1129 CE | 2 months | ||
| Zhong Xiang | ||||
| Tianzai Chinese: 天載 | 1130 CE | 2 months | Or Tianzhan (Chinese: 天戰). | |
| Li Herong | ||||
| Zhengfa Chinese: 正法 | 1127 CE | 1 year | ||
| Lei Jin | ||||
| Zhengfa Chinese: 正法 | 1127 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of Li Herong. | |
| Renzhi Chinese: 人知 | 1130 CE | 1 year | Or Renhe (Chinese: 人和). | |
| Li Pobei | ||||
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Liu Yu | ||||
| Fuchang Chinese: 阜昌 | 1130–1137 CE | 8 years | ||
| Yang Yao | ||||
| Dashengtianwang Chinese: 大聖天王 | 1133–1135 CE | 3 years | Or Datianshengzheng (Chinese: 大天聖正). | |
| Gengxu Chinese: 庚戌 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Wang Fa'en | ||||
| Luoping Chinese: 羅平 | 1141 CE | 1 month | ||
| Li Jie | ||||
| Luoping Chinese: 羅平 | 1179 CE | 5 months | ||
| Wu Xi | ||||
| Zhuanyun Chinese: 轉運 | 1207 CE | 2 months | ||
| Liao Sen | ||||
| Zhongde Chinese: 重德 | 1229 CE | 1 year | ||
| Chen Wan | ||||
| Tianzhan Chinese: 天戰 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Xiandao Chinese: 顯道 | 1032–1034 CE | 3 years | Derived from the era name Mingdao (Chinese: 明道) of the Emperor Renzong of Song. | |
| Kaiyun Chinese: 開運 | 1034 CE | 1 month | ||
| Guangyun Chinese: 廣運 | 1034–1036 CE | 3 years | ||
| Daqing Chinese: 大慶 | 1036–1038 CE | 3 years | ||
| Tianshoulifayanzuo Chinese: 天授禮法延祚 | 1038–1048 CE | 11 years | Or Tianshou (Chinese: 天授), Tianshoulifayanzuo (Chinese: 天授理法延祚). Usage continued by the Emperor Yizong of Western Xia upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Guangxi Chinese: 廣熙 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Guangmin Chinese: 廣民 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Yizong of Western Xia | ||||
| Yansiningguo Chinese: 延嗣寧國 | 1049 CE | 1 year | Or Ningguo (Chinese: 寧國). | |
| Tianyouchuisheng Chinese: 天祐垂聖 | 1050–1052 CE | 3 years | Or Chuisheng (Chinese: 垂聖). | |
| Fushengchengdao Chinese: 福聖承道 | 1053–1056 CE | 4 years | Or Fusheng (Chinese: 福聖), Chengdao (Chinese: 承道). | |
| Duodu Chinese: 奲都 | 1057–1062 CE | 6 years | ||
| Gonghua Chinese: 拱化 | 1063–1067 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Huizong of Western Xia upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Huizong of Western Xia | ||||
| Qiandao Chinese: 乾道 | 1068–1069 CE | 2 years | Usage might be from 1067 CE to 1068 CE, for a total length of 2 years. | |
| Tiancilishengguoqing Chinese: 天賜禮盛國慶 | 1070–1074 CE | 5 years | Or Tianciguoqing (Chinese: 天賜國慶). Usage might be from 1069 CE to 1074 CE, for a total length of 6 years. | |
| Da'an Chinese: 大安 | 1075–1085 CE | 11 years | ||
| Tian'anliding Chinese: 天安禮定 | 1086 CE | 7 months | ||
| Xi'an Chinese: 西安 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Tianyizhiping Chinese: 天儀治平 | 1086–1089 CE | 4 years | ||
| Tianyoumin'an Chinese: 天祐民安 | 1090–1097 CE | 8 years | ||
| Yong'an Chinese: 永安 | 1098–1100 CE | 3 years | ||
| Zhenguan Chinese: 貞觀 | 1101–1113 CE | 13 years | ||
| Yongning Chinese: 雍寧 | 1114–1118 CE | 5 years | ||
| Yuande Chinese: 元德 | 1119–1127 CE | 9 years | Or Tiande (Chinese: 天德). | |
| Zhengde Chinese: 正德 | 1127–1134 CE | 8 years | ||
| Dade Chinese: 大德 | 1135–1139 CE | 5 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Renzong of Western Xia upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Renzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Daqing Chinese: 大慶 | 1140–1143 CE | 4 years | ||
| Renqing Chinese: 人慶 | 1144–1148 CE | 5 years | ||
| Tiansheng Chinese: 天盛 | 1149–1169 CE | 21 years | ||
| Qianyou Chinese: 乾祐 | 1170–1193 CE | 24 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Tianqing Chinese: 天慶 | 1194–1206 CE | 13 years | ||
| Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Yingtian Chinese: 應天 | 1206–1209 CE | 4 years | ||
| Huangjian Chinese: 皇建 | 1210–1211 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Guangding Chinese: 光定 | 1211–1223 CE | 13 years | ||
| Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia | ||||
| Qianding Chinese: 乾定 | 1223–1226 CE | 4 years | ||
| Li Xian | ||||
| Baoyi Chinese: 寶義 | 1226–1227 CE | 2 years | ||
| Baoqing Chinese: 寶慶 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Guangxi Chinese: 廣僖 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Qingping Chinese: 清平 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Jin | ||||
| Shouguo Chinese: 收國 | 1115–1116 CE | 2 years | ||
| Tianfu Chinese: 天輔 | 1117–1123 CE | 7 years | ||
| Emperor Taizong of Jin | ||||
| Tianhui Chinese: 天會 | 1123–1137 CE | 15 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Xizong of Jin upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Xizong of Jin | ||||
| Tianjuan Chinese: 天眷 | 1138–1140 CE | 3 years | ||
| Huangtong Chinese: 皇統 | 1141–1149 CE | 9 years | ||
| Wanyan Liang | ||||
| Tiande Chinese: 天德 | 1149–1153 CE | 5 years | ||
| Zhenyuan Chinese: 貞元 | 1153–1156 CE | 4 years | ||
| Zhenglong Chinese: 正隆 | 1156–1161 CE | 6 years | ||
| Emperor Shizong of Jin | ||||
| Dading Chinese: 大定 | 1161–1189 CE | 29 years | ||
| Xingqing Chinese: 興慶 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Emperor Zhangzong of Jin | ||||
| Mingchang Chinese: 明昌 | 1190–1196 CE | 7 years | ||
| Cheng'an Chinese: 承安 | 1196–1200 CE | 5 years | ||
| Taihe Chinese: 泰和 | 1201–1208 CE | 8 years | ||
| Tianding Chinese: 天定 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Wanyan Yongji | ||||
| Da'an Chinese: 大安 | 1209–1211 CE | 3 years | ||
| Chongqing Chinese: 崇慶 | 1212–1213 CE | 2 years | ||
| Zhining Chinese: 至寧 | 1213 CE | 5 months | ||
| Emperor Xuanzong of Jin | ||||
| Zhenyou Chinese: 貞祐 | 1213–1217 CE | 5 years | ||
| Xingding Chinese: 興定 | 1217–1222 CE | 6 years | ||
| Yuanguang Chinese: 元光 | 1222–1223 CE | 2 years | ||
| Emperor Aizong of Jin | ||||
| Zhengda Chinese: 正大 | 1224–1231 CE | 8 years | ||
| Kaixing Chinese: 開興 | 1232 CE | 4 months | ||
| Tianxing Chinese: 天興 | 1232–1234 CE | 3 years | ||
| Wanyan Chenglin | ||||
| Shengchang Chinese: 盛昌 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yelü Sibu | ||||
| Tianwei Chinese: 天威 | 1216 CE | 1 year | Or Tiancheng (Chinese: 天成). | |
| Yelü Qinu | ||||
| Tianyou Chinese: 天祐 | 1216 CE | 1 year | ||
| Yelü Jinshan | ||||
| Tiande Chinese: 天德 | 1216 CE | 1 year | Or Tianhui (Chinese: 天會), Tiancheng (Chinese: 天成). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puxian Wannu | ||||
| Tiantai Chinese: 天泰 | 1215–1223 CE | 9 years | ||
| Datong Chinese: 大同 | 1224–1233 CE | 10 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aoluo | ||||
| Tianxing Chinese: 天興 | 1147 CE | 1 year | ||
| Wanyan Yunwen | ||||
| Tiantong Chinese: 天統 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Yelü Wogan | ||||
| Tianzheng Chinese: 天正 | 1161 CE | 1 month | ||
| Yelü Deshou | ||||
| Shensheng Chinese: 身聖 | 1196 CE | 1 month | ||
| Liu Yongchang | ||||
| Tianci Chinese: 天賜 | 1214 CE | 1 year | ||
| Yang An'er | ||||
| Tianshun Chinese: 天順 | 1214 CE | 8 months | ||
| Zhang Zhi | ||||
| Xinglong Chinese: 興隆 | 1216–1217 CE | 2 years | Or Xinglong (Chinese: 興龍). | |
| Hao Ding | ||||
| Shuntian Chinese: 順天 | 1216 CE | 1 year | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Shizu of Yuan | ||||
| Zhongtong Chinese: 中統 | 1260–1264 CE | 5 years | ||
| Zhiyuan Chinese: 至元 | 1264–1294 CE | 31 years | ||
| Emperor Chengzong of Yuan | ||||
| Yuanzhen Chinese: 元貞 | 1295–1297 CE | 3 years | ||
| Dade Chinese: 大德 | 1297–1307 CE | 11 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Wuzong of Yuan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wuzong of Yuan | ||||
| Zhida Chinese: 至大 | 1308–1311 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Renzong of Yuan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Renzong of Yuan | ||||
| Huangqing Chinese: 皇慶 | 1312–1313 CE | 2 years | ||
| Yanyou Chinese: 延祐 | 1314–1320 CE | 7 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Yingzong of Yuan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Yingzong of Yuan | ||||
| Zhizhi Chinese: 至治 | 1321–1323 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Taiding Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Taiding Emperor | ||||
| Taiding Chinese: 泰定 | 1324–1328 CE | 5 years | ||
| Zhihe Chinese: 致和 | 1328 CE | 8 months | ||
| Tianshun Emperor | ||||
| Tianshun Chinese: 天順 | 1328 CE | 2 months | ||
| Emperor Wenzong of Yuan | ||||
| Tianli Chinese: 天歷 | 1328–1330 CE | 3 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Mingzong of Yuan upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Wenzong of Yuan | ||||
| Zhishun Chinese: 至順 | 1330–1333 CE | 4 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Ningzong of Yuan and the Emperor Huizong of Yuan upon their ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Huizong of Yuan | ||||
| Yuantong Chinese: 元統 | 1333–1335 CE | 3 years | ||
| Zhiyuan Chinese: 至元 | 1335–1340 CE | 6 years | ||
| Zhizheng Chinese: 至正 | 1341–1370 CE | 30 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan | ||||
| Xuanguang Chinese: 宣光 | 1371–1379 CE | 9 years | Usage continued by the Tianyuan Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Tianyuan Emperor | ||||
| Tianyuan Chinese: 天元 | 1379–1388 CE | 10 years | ||
| Choros Esen | ||||
| Tianyuan Chinese: 添元 | 1453–1457 CE | 5 years | Or Tianyuan (Chinese: 天元). | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xu Shouhui | ||||
| Zhiping Chinese: 治平 | 1351–1355 CE | 5 years | Usage might be from 1351 CE to 1354 CE, for a total length of 4 years. | |
| Taiping Chinese: 太平 | 1356–1358 CE | 3 years | Usage might be in 1358 CE, for a total length of 1 year. | |
| Tianqi Chinese: 天啟 | 1356–1359 CE | 4 years | ||
| Tianding Chinese: 天定 | 1359–1360 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen Youliang | ||||
| Dayi Chinese: 大義 | 1360–1363 CE | 4 years | ||
| Dading Chinese: 大定 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Chen Li | ||||
| Deshou Chinese: 德壽 | 1363–1364 CE | 2 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Ming Xia | ||||
| Tianqi Chinese: 天啟 | 1361–1362 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of Xu Shouhui. | |
| Tiantong Chinese: 天統 | 1363–1366 CE | 4 years | ||
| Ming Sheng | ||||
| Kaixi Chinese: 開熙 | 1367–1371 CE | 5 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Du Keyong | ||||
| Wancheng Chinese: 萬乘 | 1280 CE | 1 month | ||
| Chen Diaoyan | ||||
| Changtai Chinese: 昌泰 | 1281 CE | 4 months | ||
| Lin Guifang, Zhao Liangkou | ||||
| Yankang Chinese: 延康 | 1283 CE | 1 month | ||
| Huang Hua | ||||
| Xiangxing Chinese: 祥興 | 1283–1284 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of Zhao Bing. | |
| Yang Zhenlong | ||||
| Anding Chinese: 安定 | 1289 CE | 9 months | ||
| Chen Kongya | ||||
| Zhengzhi Chinese: 正治 | 1297 CE | 1 month | ||
| Zhu Guangqing | ||||
| Chifu Chinese: 赤符 | 1337 CE | 7 months | ||
| Zhao Pusheng | ||||
| Zhengshuo Chinese: 正朔 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
See main article: List of Ming dynasty era names.
See also: Wuyuan (era).
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hongwu Emperor | ||||
| Hongwu Chinese: 洪武 | 1368–1398 CE | 31 years | Usage continued by the Jianwen Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. Usage later restored during the reign of the Yongle Emperor. | |
| Jianwen Emperor | ||||
| Jianwen Chinese: 建文 | 1399–1402 CE | 4 years | ||
| Yongle Emperor | ||||
| Hongwu Chinese: 洪武 | 1402 CE | 7 months | Restored the era name of the Hongwu Emperor. | |
| Yongle Chinese: 永樂 | 1403–1424 CE | 22 years | Usage continued by the Hongxi Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Hongxi Emperor | ||||
| Hongxi Chinese: 洪熙 | 1425 CE | 1 year | Usage continued by the Xuande Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Xuande Emperor | ||||
| Xuande Chinese: 宣德 | 1426–1435 CE | 10 years | Usage continued by the Emperor Yingzong of Ming upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Emperor Yingzong of Ming | ||||
| Zhengtong Chinese: 正統 | 1436–1449 CE | 14 years | Usage continued by the Jingtai Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Jingtai Emperor | ||||
| Jingtai Chinese: 景泰 | 1450–1457 CE | 8 years | ||
| Emperor Yingzong of Ming | ||||
| Tianshun Chinese: 天順 | 1457–1464 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by the Chenghua Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Chenghua Emperor | ||||
| Chenghua Chinese: 成化 | 1465–1487 CE | 23 years | Usage continued by the Hongzhi Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Hongzhi Emperor | ||||
| Hongzhi Chinese: 弘治 | 1488–1505 CE | 18 years | Usage continued by the Zhengde Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Zhengde Emperor | ||||
| Zhengde Chinese: 正德 | 1506–1521 CE | 16 years | Usage continued by the Jiajing Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Jiajing Emperor | ||||
| Jiajing Chinese: 嘉靖 | 1522–1566 CE | 45 years | ||
| Longqing Emperor | ||||
| Longqing Chinese: 隆慶 | 1567–1572 CE | 6 years | Usage continued by the Wanli Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Wanli Emperor | ||||
| Wanli Chinese: 萬曆 | 1573–1620 CE | 48 years | ||
| Taichang Emperor | ||||
| Taichang Chinese: 泰昌 | 1620–1621 CE | 4 months | Usage continued by the Tianqi Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Tianqi Emperor | ||||
| Tianqi Chinese: 天啟 | 1621–1627 CE | 7 years | Usage continued by the Chongzhen Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Chongzhen Emperor | ||||
| Chongzhen Chinese: 崇禎 | 1628–1644 CE | 17 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hongguang Emperor | ||||
| Hongguang Chinese: 弘光 | 1645 CE | 5 months | ||
| Longwu Emperor | ||||
| Longwu Chinese: 隆武 | 1645–1646 CE | 2 years | ||
| Zhu Hengjia | ||||
| Xingye Chinese: 興業 | 1645 CE | 1 month | ||
| Zhu Yihai | ||||
| Jianguo Lu Chinese: 監國魯 | 1646–1653 CE | 8 years | Not an actual era name, but used in place of an era name and served a similar function; Jianguo literally means "regency" and Lu was derived from Zhi Yihai's noble title "Prince of Lu". | |
| Shaowu Emperor | ||||
| Shaowu Chinese: 紹武 | did not use | did not use | The era name Shaowu was originally planned to supersede Longwu (Chinese: 隆武) in 1647 CE, but the Shaowu Emperor's reign ended before the era name was put into effective use. | |
| Yongli Emperor | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1647–1662 CE | 16 years | ||
| Dingwu Emperor | ||||
| Dingwu Chinese: 定武 | 1646–1663 CE | 18 years | ||
| Zhu Changqing | ||||
| Dongwu Chinese: 東武 | 1648 CE | 1 year | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zheng Chenggong | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1662 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Yongli Emperor. | |
| Zheng Xi | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1662 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Yongli Emperor. | |
| Zheng Jing | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1662–1681 CE | 20 years | Adopted the era name of the Yongli Emperor. | |
| Zheng Kezang | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1681 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Yongli Emperor. | |
| Zheng Keshuang | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1681–1683 CE | 3 years | Adopted the era name of the Yongli Emperor. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peng Yulin | ||||
| Tianding Chinese: 天定 | 1386 CE | 1 year | ||
| Tian Jiucheng | ||||
| Longfeng Chinese: 龍鳳 | 1397 CE | 1 year | ||
| Phạm Ngọc | ||||
| Yongning Chinese: 永寧 | 1417–1420 CE | 4 years | ||
| Lê Ngạ | ||||
| Yongtian Chinese: 永天 | 1420 CE | 1 year | ||
| Chen Jianhu | ||||
| Taiding Chinese: 泰定 | 1448–1449 CE | 2 years | ||
| Huang Xiaoyang | ||||
| Dongyang Chinese: 東陽 | 1449–1450 CE | 2 years | ||
| Zhu Huizha | ||||
| Xuanyuan Chinese: 玄元 | 1451 CE | 1 month | Or Xuanwu (Chinese: 玄武), Xuanwu (Chinese: 武), Yuanwu (Chinese: 元武). | |
| Li Zhen | ||||
| Tianshun Chinese: 天順 | 1456 CE | 1 year | ||
| Wang Bin | ||||
| Tianxiu Chinese: 天繡 | 1457 CE–? | Unknown | ||
| Li Tianbao | ||||
| Wulie Chinese: 武烈 | 1460 CE | 1 year | ||
| Liu Tong | ||||
| Desheng Chinese: 德勝 | 1465–1466 CE | 2 years | ||
| Cao Fu | ||||
| Mingzheng Chinese: 明正 | 1511 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhu Chenhao | ||||
| Shunde Chinese: 順德 | 1519 CE | 2 months | ||
| Duan Chang | ||||
| Dashunpingding Chinese: 大順平定 | 1520 CE | 1 year | Or Dashun (Chinese: 大順), Pingding (Chinese: 平定). | |
| Tian Bin | ||||
| Tianyuan Chinese: 天淵 | 1546 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhang Lian | ||||
| Zaoli Chinese: 造歷 | 1560–1562 CE | 3 years | ||
| Longfei Chinese: 龍飛 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Cai Boguan | ||||
| Dabao Chinese: 大寶 | 1565–1566 CE | 2 months | ||
| Li Xin | ||||
| Hongwu Chinese: 洪武 | 1619 CE | 1 month | ||
| Li Wen | ||||
| Zhenhun Chinese: 真混 | 1619 CE | 1 month | Or Tianzhenhun (Chinese: 天真混). | |
| She Chongming | ||||
| Ruiying Chinese: 瑞應 | 1621 CE | 1 month | ||
| Moqi De | ||||
| Xuanjing Chinese: 玄靜 | 1622 CE | 1 year | Or Xuanjing (Chinese: 靜), Yuanjing (Chinese: 元靜). | |
| Xu Hongru | ||||
| Dachengxingsheng Chinese: 大成興勝 | 1622 CE | 6 months | Or Dachengxingsheng (Chinese: 大乘興勝), Dachengxingsheng (Chinese: 大成興盛), Dachengxingsheng (Chinese: 大乘興盛), Xingsheng (Chinese: 興勝). | |
| Zhang Weiyuan | ||||
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 1628 CE | 1 year | ||
| Gao Yingxiang | ||||
| Xingwu Chinese: 興武 | 1635 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhang Puwei | ||||
| Tianyun Chinese: 天運 | 1637 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhang Xianzhong | ||||
| Dashun Chinese: 大順 | 1644–1646 CE | 3 years | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Tianshun (Chinese: 天順). | |
| Yiwu Chinese: 義武 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Zhu Cilang | ||||
| Yixing Chinese: 義興 | 1644 CE | 1 month | ||
| Ma Xiang | ||||
| Yuanmingdabao Chinese: 圓明大寶 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Xingwu | ||||
| Hongrun Chinese: 宏閏 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Mingben | ||||
| Yong'an Chinese: 湧安 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tianming Khan | ||||
| Tianming Chinese: 天命 | 1616–1626 CE | 11 years | ||
| Tiancong Khan | ||||
| Tiancong Chinese: 天聰 | 1627–1636 CE | 10 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizong of Qing | ||||
| Chongde Chinese: 崇德 | 1636–1643 CE | 8 years | Usage continued by the Shunzhi Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Shunzhi Emperor | ||||
| Shunzhi Chinese: 順治 | 1644–1661 CE | 18 years | Usage continued by the Kangxi Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Kangxi Emperor | ||||
| Kangxi Chinese: 康熙 | 1662–1722 CE | 61 years | Usage continued by the Yongzheng Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Yongzheng Emperor | ||||
| Yongzheng Chinese: 雍正 | 1723–1735 CE | 13 years | Usage continued by the Qianlong Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Qianlong Emperor | ||||
| Qianlong Chinese: 乾隆 | 1736–1795 CE | 60 years | Usage continued within the Forbidden City until 1799 CE, for a total length of 64 years. | |
| Jiaqing Emperor | ||||
| Jiaqing Chinese: 嘉慶 | 1796–1820 CE | 25 years | Usage continued by the Daoguang Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Daoguang Emperor | ||||
| Daoguang Chinese: 道光 | 1821–1850 CE | 30 years | Usage continued by the Xianfeng Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Xianfeng Emperor | ||||
| Xianfeng Chinese: 咸豐 | 1851–1861 CE | 11 years | ||
| Tongzhi Emperor | ||||
| Tongzhi Chinese: 同治 | 1862–1875 CE | 14 years | Originally proposed as Qixiang (Chinese: 祺祥). | |
| Guangxu Emperor | ||||
| Guangxu Chinese: 光緒 | 1875–1908 CE | 34 years | Usage continued by the Xuantong Emperor upon his ascension to the throne. | |
| Xuantong Emperor | ||||
| Xuantong Chinese: 宣統 | 1909–1912 CE | 4 years | Usage later restored during the Manchu Restoration. | |
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor Taizu of Wu Zhou | ||||
| Zhaowu Chinese: 昭武 | 1678 CE | 6 months | ||
| Liyong Chinese: 利用 | Unknown | Unknown | Might not be an era name. | |
| Wu Shifan | ||||
| Honghua Chinese: 洪化 | 1678–1681 CE | 4 years | ||
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin Shangxing | ||||
| Chongxing Chinese: 重興 | 1644 CE | 1 year | ||
| Liu Shoufen | ||||
| Tianding Chinese: 天定 | 1644 CE | 1 month | ||
| Gong Wencai | ||||
| Yongchang Chinese: 永昌 | 1644–1645 CE | 2 years | Adopted the era name of Li Zicheng. | |
| Hu Shoulong | ||||
| Qingguang Chinese: 清光 | 1645 CE | 1 month | Usage might be in 1646 CE, for a total length of 1 year. | |
| Jiang Erxun | ||||
| Zhongxing Chinese: 中興 | 1647 CE | 1 year | ||
| Wang Guangtai | ||||
| Yongli Chinese: 永曆 | 1647 CE | 1 year | Adopted the era name of the Yongli Emperor. | |
| Zhang Huashan | ||||
| Longwu Chinese: 隆武 | 1647 CE | 1 month | Adopted the era name of the Longwu Emperor. | |
| Sun Kewang | ||||
| Xingchao Chinese: 興朝 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Zhang Jintang | ||||
| Tianzheng Chinese: 天正 | 1648 CE | 1 year | ||
| Xiao Weitang | ||||
| Tianshun Chinese: 天順 | 1661 CE | 1 year | ||
| Wang Yaozu | ||||
| Daqing Chinese: 大慶 | 1665 CE | 1 month | ||
| Yang Qilong | ||||
| Guangde Chinese: 廣德 | 1673–1680 CE | 8 years | ||
| Geng Jingzhong | ||||
| Yumin Chinese: 裕民 | 1674–1676 CE | 3 years | Might not be an era name. | |
| Wei Zhiye | ||||
| Wenxing Chinese: 文興 | 1704 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhu Liufei, Li Tianji | ||||
| Yuanxing Chinese: 元興 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Qian Baotong | ||||
| Yongxing Chinese: 永興 | 1708 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhang Nianyi | ||||
| Tiande Chinese: 天德 | 1708 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhu Yigui | ||||
| Yonghe Chinese: 永和 | 1721 CE | 2 months | ||
| Lin Shuangwen | ||||
| Tianyun Chinese: 天運 | 1786 CE | 1 month | ||
| Shuntian Chinese: 順天 | 1787–1788 CE | 2 years | ||
| Chen Zhouquan | ||||
| Tianyun Chinese: 天運 | 1795 CE | 1 month | ||
| Li Shu | ||||
| Wanli Chinese: 萬利 | 1797 CE | 1 year | Or Daqing (Chinese: 大慶). | |
| Wang Dashu | ||||
| Daqing Chinese: 大慶 | 1797 CE | 1 month | ||
| Cai Qian | ||||
| Guangming Chinese: 光明 | 1805–1809 CE | 5 years | ||
| Zhu Maoli | ||||
| Yanchao Chinese: 晏朝 | 1814 CE | 1 year | ||
| Zhang Bing | ||||
| Tianyun Chinese: 天運 | 1832–1833 CE | 2 years | ||
| Lin Wanqing | ||||
| Tiande Chinese: 天德 | 1851 CE | 1 year | ||
| Li Mingxian | ||||
| Hongshun Chinese: 洪順 | 1853 CE | 1 month | ||
| Huang Wei | ||||
| Tiande Chinese: 天德 | 1853 CE | 1 year | ||
| Liu Lichuan | ||||
| Tianyun Chinese: 天運 | 1853–1855 CE | 3 years | Or Daming (Chinese: 大明). | |
| Yang Longxi | ||||
| Jianghan Chinese: 江漢 | 1854 CE | 1 year | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Jianghan (Chinese: 姜漢). | |
| Chen Kai | ||||
| Hongde Chinese: 洪德 | 1855–1864 CE | 10 years | ||
| Li Yonghe | ||||
| Shuntian Chinese: 順天 | 1860–1864 CE | 5 years | ||
| Song Jipeng | ||||
| Tianzong Chinese: 天縱 | 1860–1863 CE | 4 years | ||
| Zhu Mingyue | ||||
| Sitong Chinese: 嗣統 | 1864–1868 CE | 5 years | ||
| Huahan Chinese: 華漢 | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Jianghan Chinese: 江漢 | Unknown | Unknown | Adopted the era name of Yang Longxi. | |
| Tang Jingsong | ||||
| Yongqing Chinese: 永清 | 1895 CE | 1 month | Usage continued by Liu Yongfu upon his assumption of office. | |
| Huang Guozhen | ||||
| Dajing Chinese: 大靖 | 1897–1898 CE | 2 years | ||
| Aisin Gioro Pujun | ||||
| Baoqing Chinese: 保慶 | did not use | did not use | The era name Baoqing was originally planned to supersede Guangxu (Chinese: 光緒) in 1900 CE, when the Guangxu Emperor was to abdicate in favor of Aisin Gioro Pujun; this plan did not materialize. | |
| Hong Quanfu | ||||
| Damingguo Chinese: 大明國 | 1902 CE | 1 year | Or Damingshuntianguo (Chinese: 大明順天國). | |
| Gong Chuntai | ||||
| Hande Chinese: 漢德 | 1906 CE | 1 year | ||
| 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu | ||||
| Gongdai Chinese: 共戴 | 1911–1915 CE | 5 years | Usage later restored in 1921 CE. | |
See main article: Republic of China calendar.
The Republic of China officially uses the Republic of China calendar. While not an era name, the Republic of China calendar is based on the era name system of Imperial China. The Republic of China calendar was the official calendar of mainland China between 1912 CE and 1949 CE, and has been in official use in Taiwan since 1945 CE.
| Era name | Period of use | Length of use | Remark | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hongxian Emperor | ||||
| Hongxian Chinese: 洪憲 | 1916 CE | 92 days | ||
| Chadu Ruoba | ||||
| Tongzhi Chinese: 通治 | 1917 CE | 1 year | Sometimes erroneously referred to as Tongzhi (Chinese: 通志). | |
| Xuantong Emperor | ||||
| Xuantong Chinese: 宣統 | 1917 CE | 12 days | Restored the era name of 1909 CE. | |
| 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu | ||||
| Gongdai Chinese: 共戴 | 1921–1924 CE | 4 years | Restored the era name of 1911 CE. | |
| Aisin Gioro Puyi | ||||
| Datong Chinese: 大同 | 1932–1934 CE | 3 years | ||
| Kangde Emperor | ||||
| Kangde Chinese: 康德 | 1934–1945 CE | 12 years | ||
| Current Calendar | Period of use | Length of use | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republic of China | |||
| Minguo Chinese: 民國 | 1912-1949 | 37 years | Used alongside the Gōnglì Chinese: 公历 (Gregorian calendar) since 1912 |
| People's Republic of China | |||
| Gōnglì Chinese: 公历 | 1949-present | Current calendar | "Gōnglì" means "common calendar", the Chinese name to the Common Era. |
This is a list of individuals who proclaimed era names, but the exact era names are not known.
| Era name | Monarch | Period of use | Length of use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Era names not known | Ma Mian | 144–145 CE | 5 months |
| Song Jian | Late 180s–214 CE | Over 30 years | |
| Ma Ru | 497–501 CE | 5 years | |
| Li Chenghong | 763 CE | 3 months | |
| Da Qianhuang | 858–871 CE | 14 years | |
| Da Xuanxi | 872–893 CE | 22 years | |
| Da Weixie | 894–906 CE | 13 years | |
| Da Yinzhuan | 907–926 CE | 20 years |