| Pisan Romanesque | |
| Yearsactive: | 11th to 13th century |
| Country: | Italy |
Pisan Romanesque style is a variant of the Romanesque architectural style that developed in Pisa at the end of the 10th century and which influenced a wide geographical area at the time when the city was a powerful maritime republic (from the second half of the 11th century to the first one of the 13th century).
The Pisan Romanesque culture developed above all at the construction sites of Piazza dei Miracoli (some stylistic elements can also be noticed in the earlier buildings), and from there it spread to other Pisa projects, to the territories controlled by the Republic of Pisa (including Corsica and Sardinia, and going as far as Elba) and to Tuscany, especially the northern band from Lucca to Pistoia.
The Pisan Romanesque style had sprung into popularity, "as if by magic", on a location in Pisa that later became known as Piazza dei Miracoli. In a succession, the Pisa Cathedral (Duomo), Pisa Baptistery, the bell tower (now known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa), Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa were erected there. Few precursor structures that exhibited some of the elements of the style can be pointed to (Collareta lists Basilica of San Zeno, Verona, San Piero a Grado, apse of the church of Santa Cristina on the left bank of the Arno). Although these buildings introduced some features similar to the Pisan Romanesque as defined by the Duomo (long rows of blind arches under the eaves, ceramic bacini inside the arches, wall ornaments made of round or diamond-shaped coffers), their connections to the Duomo, the grand "overture" of the style, are relatively weak. The style primarily originated with construction of the Pisa Cathedral and is credited to its architects, Buscheto and his successor Rainaldo.
The well-defined style was popular from the 11th to early 13th century. while the Republic of Pisa was at its peak. The Pisan Romanesque style exhibited unusual longevity; some elements of it were visible in new construction in Pisa even after a switch to Gothic architecture later in the 13th century.
The style successfully fused together elements that came from multiple diverse sources:
Researchers name some notable structures immediately influenced by the original buildings on the Piazza:
The influence of the Pisan Romanesque spread wide beyond Pisa:
The notable and geographically spread examples include parts of Genoa Cathedral, San Giovanni Fuoricivitas,, Massa Marittima Cathedral, Troia Cathedral.