| Kawahíva | |
| Nativename: | Kawahib |
| Also Known As: | Tupi–Guarani subgroup VI |
| States: | Brazil |
| Region: | Mato Grosso and Rondônia |
| Ethnicity: | (see varieties below) |
| Date: | 2000–2006 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Fam1: | Tupian |
| Fam2: | Tupí–Guaraní |
| Fam3: | Kawahib |
| Lc1: | pah |
| Ld1: | Tenharim–Parintintín |
| Lc2: | urz |
| Ld2: | Uru-eu-wau-wau |
| Lc10: | adw |
| Ld10: | Amondawa |
| Lc4: | jua |
| Ld4: | Júma |
| Lc6: | xmo |
| Ld6: | Morerebi |
| Lc7: | tkf |
| Ld7: | ? Tukumanféd (unattested) |
| Lc8: | wir |
| Ld8: | Wiraféd |
| Lc9: | paf |
| Ld9: | Paranawát |
| Lc3: | kuq |
| Ld3: | Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo) |
| Lc11: | api |
| Ld11: | Apiacá |
| Glotto: | tupi1280 |
| Glottorefname: | Tupi-Guarani Subgroup VI |
Kawahíva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil. The major variety is Tenharim.
The Tenharim (self-designation, Pyri 'near, together'), Parintintín, Jiahúi, Amondawa, Karipúna (not to be confused with neither the Panoan group, nor the Carib-based creole spoken in the state of Amapá, which all have the same name), Uru-eu-wau-wau (self-designation, Jupaú), Júma, Piripkúra, and Capivarí all call themselves Kawahíva. Their speech is mutually intelligible, and also similar with other languages now extinct. The closest Tupí-Guaraní language seems to be Apiaká,[1] spoken in Mato Grosso.
There are different internal classifications of the pan-Kawahíwa, which differ in, e.g., whether Kayabí and Apiaká should be included as part of the dialectal cluster. The one listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018) follows:[2] [3]
Languages spoken in north-central Rondônia are Karipúna, Uru-eu-wau-wau (Jupaú), Amondawa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern Mato Grosso and southern Pará are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkúra, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.
Phonemic inventory of the Tenharim/Uruewawau dialect:[4]
| High | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Low | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Stop/Affricate | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
Phonemic inventory of the Júma dialect:[5]
| High | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Low | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ |
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| pronounced as /link/ | |||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||