Mowag Piranha Explained

Mowag Piranha
Origin:	Switzerland
Type:	Armoured fighting vehicle
Is Vehicle:	yes
Used By:	see Operators
Designer:	MOWAG Motor Car Factory, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
Manufacturer:	MOWAG
Production Date:	1972–present
Variants:	Tank destroyer, C3 Command Vehicle, Medevac, APC, police vehicle, pioneer & construction vehicle
Weight:	From 9300kg (20,500lb)
Length:	6.25to
Width:	2.5to
Height:	1.8to
Crew:	3+5; driver, commander, gunner + 5 passengers^[1]
Armour:	quick-mount selection, including defense against RPG, IED, NBC
Primary Armament:	1 × 12.7 mm MG turret, or MOWAG apex mount, grenade launcher, or TOW anti-tank missile.
Engine:	diesel engine
Engine Power:	202 kW 275hp
Transmission:	Allison MT-653 automatic 6-speed planetary gearbox
Fuel Capacity:	300L
Suspension:	hydropneumatic 6×6, 8×8, or 10x10 wheeled
Vehicle Range:	7800NaN0
Speed:	1000NaN0 road 100NaN0 water

The Mowag Piranha is a family of armoured fighting vehicles designed by the Swiss company Mowag (since 2010 General Dynamics European Land Systems – Mowag GmbH).

Five generations of vehicles have been produced, manufactured by Mowag or under licence by other companies such as the LAV, and variants are in service with military forces throughout the world.

Variants

Piranhas are available in 4×4, 6×6, 8×8, and 10×10 wheel versions. There are several variants within these versions, giving different degrees of armour protection and several kinds of turret, for use in a variety of roles. Piranha derivatives have been assigned roles as troop transports, command vehicles, fire support vehicles, tank trainers, and police vehicles.

Piranhas are used by the Swiss Army. Swiss-built Piranha derivatives have been exported to Ireland, Romania, Spain, and Belgium. The Romanian and Belgian armies have selected the Piranha IIIC 8×8. Belgium converted to an all-wheeled force, and replaced all their M113 armoured personnel carriers, AIFVs and Leopard 1 tanks with 268 Piranha IIIC in 7 variants.^{[2] [3]}

Piranha derivatives have been manufactured under license by General Dynamics (Canada), BAE Systems Land Systems (UK), Cardoen and FAMAE (Chile), and in the USA.

A new Piranha V version, weighing in between 25 and 30 tons, was announced as the provisional winner of the British Army's Future Rapid Effect System (FRES) program in May 2008,^[4] but this selection was reversed seven months later and bidding started again.

General Dynamics European Land Systems launched their new Piranha Class 5 at Eurosatory 2010 on 15 June and it was reported that the British MoD were showing renewed interest, but struggling with budget constraints.^[5]

Piranha 4×4 IB

MOWAG Piranha IB 4×4
Origin:	Switzerland
Type:	Armoured personnel carrier
Is Vehicle:	yes
Designer:	MOWAG Motor Car Factory, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
Manufacturer:	MOWAG
Production Date:	1974–present
Variants:	Armt, recon
Weight:	6300kg (13,900lb)
Length:	5.4m (17.7feet)
Width:	2.5m (08.2feet)
Height:	1.85m (06.07feet)
Crew:	7: driver, commander, gunner + 4 more people
Primary Armament:	1× 12.7 mm MG in the turret or Wildcat AAA with 2×30mm gun, or TSE 5000 Crotale, or ADATS, or Rheinmetall 105 mm Cannon
Engine:	Chrysler V8 6.78 L gasoline engine
Engine Power:	125 kW
Transmission:	NP 540 Chrysler mechanics transmission, 5 forward gears, 1 reverse gear
Fuel Capacity:	200 l
Suspension:	4×4 wheeled
Vehicle Range:	700 km (41l/100km)
Speed:	1000NaN0 road 100NaN0 water

The MOWAG Piranha 4×4 IB was an armored personnel carrier.

To complete the Piranha I Family of 1974, the Piranha 4×4 IB was designed as a light rapid reconnaissance and attack vehicle. It could take part in amphibious operations thanks to twin propellers and could operate in NBC-contaminated areas. The Piranha 4×4 was also designed to meet police needs. The MOWAG Grenadier and Mowag Spy sub-versions were also developed. The prototype of the Piranha 4×4 IB went through numerous tests and received different equipment and different engines. Due to rapid technological development and adjustments to requirements for military vehicles, no Piranha with gasoline engine was sold. The prototype is now in the Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full.

Piranha IB 6×6

MOWAG Piranha IB 6×6
Origin:	Switzerland
Type:	Armoured fighting vehicle
Is Vehicle:	yes
Used By:	Switzerland, Canada, United Nations
Designer:	MOWAG Motor Car Factory
Manufacturer:	MOWAG
Production Date:	1972–present
Variants:	Tank Destroyer, C3 Command Vehicle Medevac, APC, Police vehicle
Weight:	9300kg (20,500lb)
Length:	6.25m
Width:	2.66m
Height:	1.985m / 2.17m
Crew:	7: driver, commander, gunner + 4 more people
Primary Armament:	1× 12.7 mm MG turret or MOWAG apex mount, or grenade launcher, TOW anti-tank missile, or Mephisto ATM.
Engine:	Chrysler V8 petrol engine HT 413 Displacement 6,780 cm^3
Engine Power:	147 kW
Transmission:	Allison MT-40 Automatic 6-speed planetary gearbox
Fuel Capacity:	200 l
Suspension:	6×6 wheeled
Vehicle Range:	500 km (41l/100km)
Speed:	1000NaN0 100NaN0 water

The first Piranha prototype ever built was the 6×6 IB in 1972. It can be seen as a milestone for the Piranha series due to various technical innovation like (at the time) modern designed drive with independent suspension, compact power unit in the right front and (as an amphibian drive) being powered by two propellers. This prototype was demonstrated with different engines and features for potential customers such as the Canadian Army who locally produced them as the AVGP. Switzerland sold a license to manufacture this machine to Chile in 1983. In the Swiss Army, the Piranha 6×6 is used as an ambulance, C3 command vehicle and, together with the BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missile, as a "tank destroyer". The prototype is along with an ambulance Piranha 6×6 on display in the Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full.

MOWAG Piranha IIIC 10×10

Piranha IIIC 10×10
Origin:	Switzerland
Type:	Armoured car
Is Vehicle:	yes
Used By:	Sweden
Designer:	MOWAG Motor Car Factory
Manufacturer:	MOWAG
Production Date:	1994
Variants:	Tank, C3 Command Vehicle.
Weight:	18000kg (40,000lb)
Length:	7.45m
Width:	2.66m
Height:	1.98m / 2.17m
Crew:	3: driver, commander, gunner
Primary Armament:	turret Oerlikon GDD BOE with 35 mm automatic cannon KDE
Secondary Armament:	7.62 mm coaxial MG FN MAG and 6 × Nebelwurfbecher 76mm
Engine:	Detroit Diesel V6, V6 53TA
Engine Power:	350 hp
Transmission:	Allison MD 3560 P-automatic transmission, 6 forward gears, 1 reverse
Suspension:	10×10 wheeled
Speed:	1000NaN0

With the continuous evolution of the Piranha family due to increasing demands, and the projected development of the Mowag Shark as a heavy weapons carrier, the Piranha design reached the limit of its payload capacity. The Piranha 10×10 (built in 1994), was an attempt to expand the payload, using a 5th axle of the same type as used in the smaller Piranha models. The Piranha 10×10 was designed as a heavy weapons carrier, but only a small number were built for Sweden as the LIRKA command tank and Kapris radar carrier. The Piranha IIIC 10×10 marked an important development from the Piranha IIIC 8×8. The Piranha IIIC 10×10 prototype was used in various tests, including in Sweden, and now stands in the Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full.

Family tree

• Piranha I
  • AVGP
• Piranha II
  • LAV II
    • LAV-25
    • Bison and Coyote
    • ASLAV
  • Desert Piranha
• Piranha III
  • Piranha IIIH
    • LAV III
      • Stryker
      • NZLAV
      • LAV 6
        • LAV-700
  • Piranha IIIC
• Piranha IV
• Piranha V

Operators

Piranha I

Chilean army – 225 Piraña I 6×6 and 30 Piraña I 8×8 ^[6]

• including 50 120 mm mortar carriers
• 20 FSV 90 mm version

Ghana Army – 10 Piranha I 4x4, 44 Piranha I 6×6 and 3 Piranha I 8×8 ^[7]

Nigerian Army – 110 delivered in the 1980s^[8]

Boko Haram - at least two, captured from the Nigerian army^[9]

Swiss Army – 314 Piranha II 6x6

• 4 driving school "Pzj TOW Fahrschule" ^[10]
• 310 tank hunter "Pzj TOW", fitted with NM142 turret^[11] and a Detroit Diesel 6V-53T (265-300 hp) diesel engine.
  • 40 were transformed into ambulance (Armament Program 2005, delivered in 2006–2007), "San Fz" ^{[12] [13]}
  • 160 converted in command vehicle "Kdo Pz" with M153 Protector (Armament Program 2006, delivered in 2008–2010) ^[14]
  • 110 remained as a tank hunter TOW variant

Piranha II

Royal Army of Oman – 174 Piranha II in seven versions.

Qatar Armed Forces – 40 Piranha II 8×8 built under licence by former British firm Alvis PLC. (36 CCTS-90 tank hunter with a Belgian Cockerill 90 mm gun^[15] and 4 ARVs-recovery). Used during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.^[16]

Saudi Arabian National Guard – 1,117 LAV/Piranha II in 10 versions; another 132 ordered.

• 120 Piranha II ^[17]

Swedish Army – 54 Piranha II

• 27 10x10 Armoured Sensor Vehicle (protection against 14.5mm)
• 17 10x10 Armoured Command Vehicle (protection against 7.62mm)
• 10 8×8 Armoured Escort Vehicle ordered in 1997

Swiss Army – 528 Piranha IIC (APC93 8×8):

• 8 military police "Spz Pz 93 Militärpolizei" ^[18]
• 5 driving school "Spz 93 Fahrschule" ^[19]
• 515 "Char de grenadiers à roues 93" equipped with turrets KUKA Wehrtechnik Type 606 A1 (which became Rheinmetall),^[20] made of the subvariants:
  • 282 Infantry APC variant "Spz 93" ^[21]
    • tranche 1, 117 ordered in 1993
    • tranche 2, 117 ordered in 1996
    • tranche 3, 48 ordered in 1999
  • 92 command variant "Kdo Pz 93" ^[22]
    • tranche 1, 28 ordered in 1993
    • tranche 2, 29 ordered in 1996
    • tranche 3, 35 ordered in 1999
  • 141 anti-tank variant "PAL Pz 93", (2 crew + 8 passengers, 8 Dragon anti-tank missiles embarked) ^[23]
    • tranche 1, 60 ordered in 1993
    • tranche 2, 59 ordered in 1996
    • tranche 3, 22 ordered in 1999

Geneva Cantonal police – 1 Piranha IIC used by the tactical unit, BI (Brigade d'Intervention)^[24]

Piranha III

Belgian Army – 242 Piranha IIIC 8×8, selected in 2006, ordered in 2 batches, delivery 2008 - 2015. Variants purchased:

• 99 FUSELIER (APC)^[25]
• 32 DF30 (30mm Elbit turret)^[26]
• 18 DF90^[27]
• 24 command vehicle^[28]
• 12 Ambulance^[29]
• 17 ARV^[30]
• 18 Engineering^[31]

Botswana Defence Force – 90 Piranha III

• 45 Piranha IIIC ordered in 2002, delivered from 2003 to 2004 (APC variant).^[32]
• 45 Piranha ordered in 2016, delivered from 2019 to 2022 (IFV variant, equipped with HITFIST turret).

Brazilian Marine Corps – 30 Piranha IIIC ^[33]

• 25 APC
• 2 ARV
• 2 command post
• 1 ambulance

Danish Army – 113 Piranha III ^[34]

• 22 Piranha IIIH (MTU 6V183TE22 (400 hp) diesel engine) (delivery 1999-2000, $30million ^[35])
  • 18 APC
  • 2 ARV
  • 2 command post
• 91 Piranha IIIC
  • 60 command post, reconnaissance + APC ^[36]
  • C2 Command and Control variant ^[37]
  • Tactical Air Control Party TACP ^[38]
  • Danish Communications and Informations Systems (CIS) Piranha ^[39]
  • 11 Ambulance ^[40]

Moldovan Ground Forces – 19 Piranha IIIH, supplied by Germany (Due to Swiss veto Danish request to re-export Piranha 3 armoured vehicles to Ukraine) as overhauled former Danish Army vehicles, first 3 vehicles delivered on 11.01.2023

Irish Army – 80 Piranha IIIH (40 ordered in 1999, 25 in 2003, 15 ordered in 2005) (in 2019-2020, 62 Protector RWS turret were ordered for all the vehicles not initially equipped with it)

• 45 APC
• 18 Cavalry Reconnaissance Vehicle equipped with Protector RWS (12.7 mm or 40 mm grenade launcher)
• 8 command post
• 6 Medium Reconnaissance Vehicle equipped with HITFIST 30 turrets ^[41]
• 2 ambulance
• 1 ARV

Romanian Land Forces – 43 Piranha IIIC (amphibious).^[42]

• 31 APC (12.7mm RWS turret Elbit) ordered in 2006 (€37 million)
• 12 ordered in 2017 ($45 million), specialised variants (command post, ambulance, NBC reconnaissance, ARV, mortar carrier)^[43]

Spanish Navy Marines – 39 Piranha IIIC (18 ordered in 2001, 21 ordered in 2008)

• 26 Armoured fighting vehicles (12.7 mm KMW RWS or 40 mm grenade launcher with AN/TVS-5 night vision)
• 4 IFV / Reconnaissance vehicles (Lance turret with 30mm Mauser canon)
• 4 sapper / engineering vehicles
• 2 command post
• 1 electronic warfare
• 1 ambulance
• 1 ARV

Swedish Amphibious Corps –13 Piranha IIIC

• 7 "LIRKA" Armoured Command Vehicle (ACV) 10x10 ^[44]
• 6 "KAPRIS" coastal artillery Armoured Sensor Vehicle (ASV) 10x10 with Giraffe radar
• 1 8x8 AEV prototype (armoured escort vehicle) supplied in 2002, 18 were initially planned, later cancelled.
• 1 piranha III 8x8 Armoured Sensor Vehicle swedish navy (artillery fire sensor)

Swiss Army – 88 Piranha IIIC ^[45]

• 36 Piranha IIIC "Radio Access Point Pz", ordered in 2002, in service since 2005 (12.7mm M2 Browning)^[46]
• 6 Piranha IIIC command vehicle "FHR Pz FIS/HE INTAFF", ordered in 2007, in service since 2011 (M2 Browning) ^[47]
• 6 Piranha IIIC command vehicles "FHR Pz", ordered in 2002, in service since 2005 (12.7mm M2 Browning)^[48]
• 8 Piranha IIIC "Mzs Pz SE-630" (IFASS multi-use emitter), ordered in 2007, in service since 2012 (M2 Browning) ^[49]
• 12 Piranha IIIC electronic warfare "KOMPAK Pz", ordered in 2007, in service since 2014 ^[50]
• 8 Piranha IIIC "KOMM Pz" command vehicles,, ordered in 2007, in service since 2010 (M2 Browning) ^[51]
• 12 Piranha IIIC CBRN "ABC Aufkl FZ" exploration in service since 2015 (Kongsberg Protector with M2 Browning) ^[52]

Piranha IV

See main article: Mowag Piranha IV. Swiss Army – 132 Piranha IV on order

• 84 engineering / sapper vehicles (PI PZ 21 - "Pionier Panzerfahrzeug 21"),^[53] to be delivered from 2025 ^[54]
• 48 mortar carriers ("12 cm Mörser 16"), 32 to be delivered between 2024 and 2025, 16 after 2026 ^[55]

Piranha V

See main article: Mowag Piranha V. Danish Army – 309 Piranha V
The first were produced in Switzerland and delivered in May 2017, and all were delivered by end 2023 ^{[56] [57]}

• APC
• Command
• Ambulance
• Engineer
• Mortar Carriers
• Repair
• Additional order possible for a SHORAD system with the Skyranger 30^[58]

Monégasque Carabiniers – 2 Piranha V

• 2 Security vehicles ^{[59] [60]}

Romanian Land Forces – 227 Piranha V in production.

The first batch of 36 vehicles produced in Switzerland, arrived in October 2020. Another 58 vehicles assembled in Romania were received by the end of 2022. All other units will be produced in Romania, at the Bucharest Mechanical Factory.^[61] A further 150 Piranhas are to be acquired.^[62]

• IFV
• Command
• Ambulance
• CBRN
• Mortar
• Recovery

Spanish Army – 348 ordered, total expected 998 ^{[63] [64]}

• Phase 1, 348, delivery 2023-2027
  • 219 VCR (an IFV variant)
  • 58 VEC (reconnaissance)
  • 14 VCR-PC (company command post)
  • 8 VCOAV" (artillery advanced observant)
  • 39 "VCR-ZAP" (sapper / engineering, delivery started in 2022)
• Phase 2, 365 (2027-2030)
• Phase 3, 285 (2031-2035)
• 348 units on order, to be delivered by 2027. Five units were delivered in 2018 as prototypes for the VBMR program. Another seven vehicles were received in 2022. The Spanish variant is called the Dragón, and is produced by TESS Defence, an association between Santa Bárbara Sistemas, and three other companies.

Former operators of the Piranha family

Armed Forces of Liberia – 10 Piranha I 4×4.^[65] Saw service during the Second Liberian Civil War.^[66]

Sierra Leone Army – about 10 Piranha I 6×6 (Non operational)

Derivatives of the Piranha

ASLAV (Australian Light Armoured Vehicle)

See main article: ASLAV. Australian Army

The ASLAV is an eight-wheeled amphibious armoured reconnaissance vehicle of the LAV II family used by the Australian Army, built by GDLS Canada and GDLS Australia.^[67] Land 112 Phase 1, 15 LAV-25 leased from the USMC; Land 112 Phase 2, 113 ASLAV ordered, delivery from 1995 to 1997; Land 112 Phase 3, 144 ASLAV ordered, all delivered by 2004.^[68]

• ASLAV – 257 ^[69]
  • ASLAV Type I, derivative of the USMC LAV-25
    • ASLAV-25
  • ASLAV Type II, derivative of the Canadian Army Bison
    • ASLAV-PC (APC) ^[70]
    • ASLAV-C (Command Post)
    • ASLAV-S (Surveillance)
    • ASLAV-A (Ambulance)
  • ASLAV Type III
    • 11 ASLAV-F (Fitter, a maintenance support vehice)
    • 11 ASLAV-R (Recovery, an ARV)

LAV (Light Armoured Vehicles, made in Canada)

See main article: General Motors LAV.

Canadian Army

• LAV III, derived from Piranha III – 651
  • 494 Infantry Fighting Vehicle - Standard model with turret and 25 mm gun
  • 71 TOW Under Armour - Anti-tank variant equipped with two TOW missile launchers on a specialized turret
  • 39 armoured engineering vehicles
  • 47 artillery fire control
• Modernisation of 616 LAV III to standard LAV 6.0^{[71] [72] [73]}
  • 278 ISC (Infantry Section Carrier)
  • 181 CPV (Command Post)
  • 47 OPV (Observation Post Vehicle for artillery) ^[74]
  • 44 ELAV (Engineer)
  • 66 RECCE (long range reconnaissance) ^[75]
• NEW LAV 6.0 ACSV, derived from Piranha V – 360 ^[76]
  • Type 2 variants (high roof) ^[77]
    • 41 Troop/Cargo Vehicle (TCV)
    • 49 Ambulance
    • 97 Command Post
    • 18 Electronic Warfare
    • 18 Engineer
  • Type 3 (low roof) ^[77]
    • 13 Fitter / Cargo Vehicle (FCV)
    • 54 Maintenance and Recovery
    • 70 Mobile Repair Team
  • (note, among the 360, 39 were donated to Ukraine, and compensated by a complementary order) ^[78]

Chilean Navy

Purchased second hand from New Zealand ^[79]

• LAV III, known as the NZLAV – 22
  • 22 IMV (Infantry Mobility Vehicles)

Colombian Army

• LAV III – 87
  • 24 APC ordered in 2012 ^[80]
  • 8 APC ordered in 2014 ^[81]
  • 55 IFV ordered in 2023 ^[82] (Samson Dual RWS with a 30mm Orbital ATK Stretch)

New Zealand Army

105 LAV III purchased, with 73 remaining in service. Among the 32 not in service, 22 were sold to the Chilean Navy, 1 lost after damage in Afghanistan, 1 used in Canada as test vehicle, and 8 available for sale.

• LAV III, known as the NZLAV – 105
  • 95 IMV (Infantry Mobility Vehicles)
  • 7 LOB (standard IMV with Light Obstacle Blade)
  • 3 LAV-R (Recovery)

Saudi Arabian Army

• LAV 700 – 742 ^{[83] [84]}
  • 385 LAV -700 (APC)
  • 119 LAV-700 AT (Anti Tank Missiles)
  • 119 LAV-700 FSV (Fire Support Vehicle), Cockerill-3105 105mm
  • 119 LAV-700 IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicles), Cockerill Medium Caliber Turret (CMCT

Ukrainian Ground Forces

• LAV 6.0 – 39
  • 39 ACSV donated by the Canadian Army ^[78]
  • 50 ACSV ordered by Canada, to be delivered to Ukraine, the first batch of 10 to be delivered in summer 2024, after training in Germany.^[85]

Uruguayan Army

• LAV I, also known as Armoured Vehicle General Purpose, derived from Piranha I, purchased second hand – 147
  • 44 Cougar, reconnaissance and fire support vehicle
    • • 98 Grizzly, an APC 5 Husky, an ARV

Stryker

See main article: Stryker.

Retired derivatives of the Piranha family

• LAV I, known as the AVGP, derived from Piranha I – 344 retired of 492 acquired, 147 transferred to Uruguay.
  • 221 Cougar retired of 265 acquired, (reconnaissance and fire support role)^[86]
  • 97 Grizzly retired of 195 acquired (APC role)^[87]
  • 26 Husky retired of 31 acquired, an ARV^[88]
  • 44 Cougar, 98 Grizzly, 5 Husky given to Uruguayan Army ^[89]
• LAV II, derived from Piranha II – 402 retired / soon to be retired (2023)
  • 199 Bison (or MILAV) (18 command posts, 16 mortar carriers, 16 ARV, the rest APC) ^[76]
  • 203 Coyote reconnaissance vehicles^[75]

See also

Comparable vehicles

• • LAV III/LAV AFV/LAV-25/

Bibliography

• Foss, Christopher F. Jane's Armour and Artillery 1987–88. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1987. .
• Marcus Bauer, Nutzfahrzeuge der MOWAG Motorwagenfabrik AG, Fachpresse Goldach, Hudson & Company, 1996
• Military Museum Full
• Ruedi Baumann: "Alles" was MOWAG schon bewegt hat – Auf Umwegen zum Welterfolg. SwissMoto. Bildpress Zuerich BPZ

External links

• General Dynamics European Land Systems product page for Piranha 3
• General Dynamics European Land Systems product page for Piranha 5
• Swissmotor.ch – Neue Radpanzergeneration bei MOWAG – Der PIRANHA III
• Soldf.com – Piranha III 10×Armoured Sensor Vehicle
• DanskPanser.dk – Danish Piranha IIIC
• DanskPanser.dk – Danish Piranha IIIH
• War Wheels – Canadian Bison
• Military Today – Canadian Bison

Notes and References

1. Book: Chant, Christopher. Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware. 3 June 2014. Routledge . 9781134646685.
2. Web site: Voertuigen. mil.be. 2015-12-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20160628013235/http://www.mil.be/nl/material-type/voertuigen. 2016-06-28. live.
3. Web site: Belgium Selects Piranha IIIs $850M APC Contract, Controversies Ensue. https://web.archive.org/web/20150910162101/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/belgium-selects-piranha-iiis-for-850m-apc-contract-controversies-ensue-01872/. dead. 10 September 2015. 10 September 2015.
4. Web site: . Drayson: New vehicles will have "vital part to play in the Army of the future". June 8, 2007. July 4, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070711050356/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/DraysonNewVehiclesWillHavevitalPartToPlayInTheArmyOfTheFuture.htm. July 11, 2007. live.
5. Web site: GD Rolls Out Piranha 5 Once Slated for Britain – Eurosatory 2010 – Defense News Show Scout. defensenews.com.
6. Web site: Trade Registers . 2023-06-06 . armstrade.sipri.org.
7. Web site: Ghana Armed Forces. https://web.archive.org/web/20080402064616/http://www.gaf.mil.gh/index.php?CatId=78&CategoryId=57&page=1. dead. April 2, 2008.
8. News: Terroristen erbeuten in Nigeria Schweizer Panzer. de. Blick. 24 January 2019. Fabian . Eberhard.
9. News: Schweizer Panzer in den Händen von Terroristen. de. 20 Minuten. J.. Büchi. 20 September 2016.
10. Web site: Mowag Piranha Pzj TOW 6x6 Fahrschule - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
11. Web site: SIPRI Arms Transfers Database SIPRI . 2023-06-15 . www.sipri.org . en.
12. Web site: fr . Véhicule sanitaire Piranha I, 6×6 (transformation du chasseur de chars). https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183608/https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/federal-gazette/2005/3371.pdf . 2019-02-13 . 26 . 2005.
13. Web site: Mowag Piranha, San Pz 6x6 gl - Sanitätsfahrzeuge - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
14. Web site: Mowag Piranha Kdo Pz 6x6 gl - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
15. Encyclopedia: Mowag Piranha . October 1, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160307040538/http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Switzerland/Mowag_Piranha.php . 2016-03-07 . tanks-encyclopedia.com.
16. Book: The Military Balance 2016. February 2016. 116. 9781857438352 . Routlegde. . International Institute for Strategic Studies. International Institute for Strategic Studies. 315.
17. Web site: Trade Registers . 2023-06-16 . armstrade.sipri.org.
18. Web site: Mowag Piranha Spz Pz 93 8x8 Militärpolizei - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
19. Web site: Mowag Piranha Spz 93 8x8 Fahrschule - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
20. Web site: Les premiers chars de grenadiers à roues remis à la troupe . 2023-06-16 . www.admin.ch.
21. Web site: Mowag Piranha Spz 93 8x8 - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
22. Web site: Mowag Piranha Kdo Pz 93 8x8 - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
23. Web site: Mowag Piranha Pal Pz 93 8x8 - Radschützenpanzer - Radfahrzeuge militärfahrzeuge.ch . 2023-06-16 . militaerfahrzeuge.ch.
24. News: Genève a sa police de l'extrême. Tribune de Genève. www.tdg.ch.
25. Web site: PIRANHA FUS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141818/https://www.mil.be/nl/materiaal/piranha-fus . 2018-06-12 . 2018-09-08 . www.mil.be.
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