Mowag Piranha Explained

Mowag Piranha
Origin:Switzerland
Type:Armoured fighting vehicle
Is Vehicle:yes
Used By:see Operators
Designer:MOWAG Motor Car Factory, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
Manufacturer:MOWAG
Production Date:1972–present
Variants:Tank destroyer, C3 Command Vehicle, Medevac, APC, police vehicle, pioneer & construction vehicle
Weight:From 9300kg (20,500lb)
Length:6.25to
Width:2.5to
Height:1.8to
Crew:3+5; driver, commander, gunner + 5 passengers[1]
Armour:quick-mount selection, including defense against RPG, IED, NBC
Primary Armament:1 × 12.7 mm MG turret, or MOWAG apex mount, grenade launcher, or TOW anti-tank missile.
Engine:diesel engine
Engine Power:202 kW 275hp
Transmission:Allison MT-653 automatic 6-speed planetary gearbox
Fuel Capacity:300L
Suspension:hydropneumatic 6×6, 8×8, or 10x10 wheeled
Vehicle Range:7800NaN0
Speed:1000NaN0 road
100NaN0 water

The Mowag Piranha is a family of armoured fighting vehicles designed by the Swiss company Mowag (since 2010 General Dynamics European Land Systems – Mowag GmbH).

Five generations of vehicles have been produced, manufactured by Mowag or under licence by other companies such as the LAV, and variants are in service with military forces throughout the world.

Variants

Piranhas are available in 4×4, 6×6, 8×8, and 10×10 wheel versions. There are several variants within these versions, giving different degrees of armour protection and several kinds of turret, for use in a variety of roles. Piranha derivatives have been assigned roles as troop transports, command vehicles, fire support vehicles, tank trainers, and police vehicles.

Piranhas are used by the Swiss Army. Swiss-built Piranha derivatives have been exported to Ireland, Romania, Spain, and Belgium. The Romanian and Belgian armies have selected the Piranha IIIC 8×8. Belgium converted to an all-wheeled force, and replaced all their M113 armoured personnel carriers, AIFVs and Leopard 1 tanks with 268 Piranha IIIC in 7 variants.[2] [3]

Piranha derivatives have been manufactured under license by General Dynamics (Canada), BAE Systems Land Systems (UK), Cardoen and FAMAE (Chile), and in the USA.

A new Piranha V version, weighing in between 25 and 30 tons, was announced as the provisional winner of the British Army's Future Rapid Effect System (FRES) program in May 2008,[4] but this selection was reversed seven months later and bidding started again.

General Dynamics European Land Systems launched their new Piranha Class 5 at Eurosatory 2010 on 15 June and it was reported that the British MoD were showing renewed interest, but struggling with budget constraints.[5]

Piranha 4×4 IB

MOWAG Piranha IB 4×4
Origin:Switzerland
Type:Armoured personnel carrier
Is Vehicle:yes
Designer:MOWAG Motor Car Factory, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
Manufacturer:MOWAG
Production Date:1974–present
Variants:Armt, recon
Weight:6300kg (13,900lb)
Length:5.4m (17.7feet)
Width:2.5m (08.2feet)
Height:1.85m (06.07feet)
Crew:7: driver, commander, gunner + 4 more people
Primary Armament:1× 12.7 mm MG in the turret or Wildcat AAA with 2×30mm gun, or TSE 5000 Crotale, or ADATS, or Rheinmetall 105 mm Cannon
Engine:Chrysler V8 6.78 L gasoline engine
Engine Power:125 kW
Transmission:NP 540 Chrysler mechanics transmission, 5 forward gears, 1 reverse gear
Fuel Capacity:200 l
Suspension:4×4 wheeled
Vehicle Range:700 km (41l/100km)
Speed:1000NaN0 road
100NaN0 water

The MOWAG Piranha 4×4 IB was an armored personnel carrier.

To complete the Piranha I Family of 1974, the Piranha 4×4 IB was designed as a light rapid reconnaissance and attack vehicle. It could take part in amphibious operations thanks to twin propellers and could operate in NBC-contaminated areas. The Piranha 4×4 was also designed to meet police needs. The MOWAG Grenadier and Mowag Spy sub-versions were also developed. The prototype of the Piranha 4×4 IB went through numerous tests and received different equipment and different engines. Due to rapid technological development and adjustments to requirements for military vehicles, no Piranha with gasoline engine was sold. The prototype is now in the Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full.

Piranha IB 6×6

MOWAG Piranha IB 6×6
Origin:Switzerland
Type:Armoured fighting vehicle
Is Vehicle:yes
Used By:Switzerland, Canada, United Nations
Designer:MOWAG Motor Car Factory
Manufacturer:MOWAG
Production Date:1972–present
Variants:Tank Destroyer, C3 Command Vehicle Medevac, APC, Police vehicle
Weight:9300kg (20,500lb)
Length:6.25m
Width:2.66m
Height:1.985m / 2.17m
Crew:7: driver, commander, gunner + 4 more people
Primary Armament:1× 12.7 mm MG turret or MOWAG apex mount, or grenade launcher, TOW anti-tank missile, or Mephisto ATM.
Engine:Chrysler V8 petrol engine HT 413 Displacement 6,780 cm3
Engine Power:147 kW
Transmission:Allison MT-40 Automatic 6-speed planetary gearbox
Fuel Capacity:200 l
Suspension:6×6 wheeled
Vehicle Range:500 km (41l/100km)
Speed:1000NaN0
100NaN0 water

The first Piranha prototype ever built was the 6×6 IB in 1972. It can be seen as a milestone for the Piranha series due to various technical innovation like (at the time) modern designed drive with independent suspension, compact power unit in the right front and (as an amphibian drive) being powered by two propellers. This prototype was demonstrated with different engines and features for potential customers such as the Canadian Army who locally produced them as the AVGP. Switzerland sold a license to manufacture this machine to Chile in 1983. In the Swiss Army, the Piranha 6×6 is used as an ambulance, C3 command vehicle and, together with the BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missile, as a "tank destroyer". The prototype is along with an ambulance Piranha 6×6 on display in the Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full.

MOWAG Piranha IIIC 10×10

Piranha IIIC 10×10
Origin:Switzerland
Type:Armoured car
Is Vehicle:yes
Used By:Sweden
Designer:MOWAG Motor Car Factory
Manufacturer:MOWAG
Production Date:1994
Variants:Tank, C3 Command Vehicle.
Weight:18000kg (40,000lb)
Length:7.45m
Width:2.66m
Height:1.98m / 2.17m
Crew:3: driver, commander, gunner
Primary Armament:turret Oerlikon GDD BOE with 35 mm automatic cannon KDE
Secondary Armament:7.62 mm coaxial MG FN MAG and 6 × Nebelwurfbecher 76mm
Engine:Detroit Diesel V6, V6 53TA
Engine Power:350 hp
Transmission:Allison MD 3560 P-automatic transmission, 6 forward gears, 1 reverse
Suspension:10×10 wheeled
Speed:1000NaN0

With the continuous evolution of the Piranha family due to increasing demands, and the projected development of the Mowag Shark as a heavy weapons carrier, the Piranha design reached the limit of its payload capacity. The Piranha 10×10 (built in 1994), was an attempt to expand the payload, using a 5th axle of the same type as used in the smaller Piranha models. The Piranha 10×10 was designed as a heavy weapons carrier, but only a small number were built for Sweden as the LIRKA command tank and Kapris radar carrier. The Piranha IIIC 10×10 marked an important development from the Piranha IIIC 8×8. The Piranha IIIC 10×10 prototype was used in various tests, including in Sweden, and now stands in the Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full.

Family tree

Operators

Piranha I

Chilean army225 Piraña I 6×6 and 30 Piraña I 8×8 [6]

Ghana Army10 Piranha I 4x4, 44 Piranha I 6×6 and 3 Piranha I 8×8 [7]

Nigerian Army110 delivered in the 1980s[8]

Boko Haram - at least two, captured from the Nigerian army[9]

Swiss Army314 Piranha II 6x6

Piranha II

Royal Army of Oman174 Piranha II in seven versions.

Qatar Armed Forces40 Piranha II 8×8 built under licence by former British firm Alvis PLC. (36 CCTS-90 tank hunter with a Belgian Cockerill 90 mm gun[15] and 4 ARVs-recovery). Used during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.[16]

Saudi Arabian National Guard1,117 LAV/Piranha II in 10 versions; another 132 ordered.

Swedish Army54 Piranha II

Swiss Army528 Piranha IIC (APC93 8×8):

Geneva Cantonal police1 Piranha IIC used by the tactical unit, BI (Brigade d'Intervention)[24]

Piranha III

Belgian Army242 Piranha IIIC 8×8, selected in 2006, ordered in 2 batches, delivery 2008 - 2015. Variants purchased:

Botswana Defence Force90 Piranha III

Brazilian Marine Corps30 Piranha IIIC [33]

Danish Army113 Piranha III [34]

Moldovan Ground Forces19 Piranha IIIH, supplied by Germany (Due to Swiss veto Danish request to re-export Piranha 3 armoured vehicles to Ukraine) as overhauled former Danish Army vehicles, first 3 vehicles delivered on 11.01.2023

Irish Army80 Piranha IIIH (40 ordered in 1999, 25 in 2003, 15 ordered in 2005) (in 2019-2020, 62 Protector RWS turret were ordered for all the vehicles not initially equipped with it)

Romanian Land Forces43 Piranha IIIC (amphibious).[42]

Spanish Navy Marines39 Piranha IIIC (18 ordered in 2001, 21 ordered in 2008)

Swedish Amphibious Corps13 Piranha IIIC

Swiss Army88 Piranha IIIC [45]

Piranha IV

See main article: Mowag Piranha IV. Swiss Army132 Piranha IV on order

Piranha V

See main article: Mowag Piranha V. Danish Army309 Piranha V
The first were produced in Switzerland and delivered in May 2017, and all were delivered by end 2023 [56] [57]

Monégasque Carabiniers2 Piranha V

Romanian Land Forces227 Piranha V in production.

The first batch of 36 vehicles produced in Switzerland, arrived in October 2020. Another 58 vehicles assembled in Romania were received by the end of 2022. All other units will be produced in Romania, at the Bucharest Mechanical Factory.[61] A further 150 Piranhas are to be acquired.[62]

Spanish Army348 ordered, total expected 998 [63] [64]

Former operators of the Piranha family

Armed Forces of Liberia10 Piranha I 4×4.[65] Saw service during the Second Liberian Civil War.[66]

Sierra Leone Army – about 10 Piranha I 6×6 (Non operational)

Derivatives of the Piranha

ASLAV (Australian Light Armoured Vehicle)

See main article: ASLAV. Australian Army

The ASLAV is an eight-wheeled amphibious armoured reconnaissance vehicle of the LAV II family used by the Australian Army, built by GDLS Canada and GDLS Australia.[67] Land 112 Phase 1, 15 LAV-25 leased from the USMC; Land 112 Phase 2, 113 ASLAV ordered, delivery from 1995 to 1997; Land 112 Phase 3, 144 ASLAV ordered, all delivered by 2004.[68]

LAV (Light Armoured Vehicles, made in Canada)

See main article: General Motors LAV.

Canadian Army

Chilean Navy

Purchased second hand from New Zealand [79]

Colombian Army

New Zealand Army

105 LAV III purchased, with 73 remaining in service. Among the 32 not in service, 22 were sold to the Chilean Navy, 1 lost after damage in Afghanistan, 1 used in Canada as test vehicle, and 8 available for sale.

Saudi Arabian Army

Ukrainian Ground Forces

Uruguayan Army

Stryker

See main article: Stryker.

Retired derivatives of the Piranha family

See also

Comparable vehicles

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

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