| Piorun | |
| Type: | Man-portable air-defense system |
| Origin: | Poland |
| Is Missile: | yes |
| Service: | –present |
| Used By: | See Operators |
| Wars: | 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine |
| Design Date: | – |
| Manufacturer: | Mesko |
| Unit Cost: | 1.8 million EUR per system [1] |
| Production Date: | –present |
| Mass: | 16.5kg (36.4lb) total 10.5kg (23.1lb) missile |
| Length: | 1.596m (05.236feet) |
| Diameter: | 72mm |
| Crew: | 1 |
| Filling: | HMX with aluminium powder |
| Filling Weight: | 1.82kg (04.01lb) |
| Detonation: | impact fuze with a delay mechanism, and a proximity fuze for C-UAS |
| Engine: | Solid-fuel rocket motor |
| Payload Capacity: | 1 |
| Vehicle Range: | 400m (1,300feet)–6.5km (04miles) |
| Speed: | 660altitude_m=4,000NaNaltitude_m=4,000 |
| Guidance: | infrared homing with argon-cooled seeker |
| Ceiling: | 4km (02miles) |
| Altitude: | 10m (30feet)–4000m (13,000feet) |
| Launch Platform: | MANPADS |
The Piorun (Polish: "thunderbolt")[2] is a Polish man-portable air-defense system, designed to destroy low-flying aircraft, airplanes, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. The set is a deep modernization of the PPZR Grom set, with an alternative designation of Grom-M.
The full name of the system is PPZR Piorun (Polish: Przenośny Przeciwlotniczy Zestaw Rakietowy Piorun).[3]
The Piorun Portable Anti-Aircraft Missile System is produced by the Mesko company and was created as a result of the GROM system modernization carried out in 2010–15. As part of the modernization, the effectiveness of the homing warhead was significantly improved by increasing the sensitivity of detection, which increased the distance at which the missile is able to target and hit the target, increased resistance to interference was obtained, a proximity fuze was used, an access authorization system and the set for fire was adapted for use in night conditions.[4] [5] [6]
In 2016, the Ministry of National Defence signed a contract for the purchase of 420 launchers (launch mechanisms) and 1,300 rockets for the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, planned for 2017–2020 delivery. Due to delays caused by technical problems with the propulsion system, the delivery of rockets and launch devices began in 2019 after successful testing. In 2020, Piorun missiles were fired from Poprad self-propelled anti-aircraft missile systems. The missiles are used not only by Poprad, but also by anti-aircraft missile and artillery system PSR-A Pilica.
In 2022, Poland announced the rapid supply of Ukraine with Pioruns during the 2021–2022 prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[7]
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Armed Forces of Ukraine claimed that a number of Russian jet fighters (Su-34, Su-25) and helicopters (Mi-24, Ka-52) were shot down with Piorun missiles.[8] [9] [10]