Pinolenic acid explained

Pinolenic acid (often misspelled as pinoleic acid) is a fatty acid contained in Siberian Pine nuts, Korean Pine nuts and the seeds and xylem of other pine (Pinus) species. The highest percentage of pinolenic acid is found in Siberian pine nuts and the oil produced from them.

Chemistry and biochemistry

Pinolenic acid is formally designated as all-cis-5,9,12-18:3.[1] [2] Some sources also use the term columbinic acid for this substance. But columbinic acid sometimes designates an E-Z isomer (trans,cis,cisdelta-5,9,12/18:3) in the biologic literature.[3]

Pinolenic acid is an isomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). GLA is an ω-6 essential fatty acid (EFA) but pinolenic acid is not. However, like the EFAs, it forms biologically active metabolites in the presence of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase. These metabolites can partially relieve some of the symptoms of EFA deficiency.[4]

Physiology

Recent research has shown its potential use in weight loss by curbing appetite.[5] Pinolenic acid causes the triggering of two hunger suppressants—cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).Pinolenic acid may have LDL-lowering properties by enhancing hepatic LDL uptake.[6]

References

  1. Web site: POLYENOIC FATTY ACIDS . Cyberlipid Center . 2007-10-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180930034042/http://www.cyberlipid.org/fa/acid0003.htm#1e . 2018-09-30 . dead .
  2. Web site: PubChem - CID 5312493 . 2007-10-25 . PubChem.
  3. Tanaka T, Hattori T, Kouchi M, Hirano K, Satouchi K . Methylene-interrupted double bond in polyunsaturated fatty acid is an essential structure for metabolism by the fatty acid chain elongation system of rat liver . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1393 . 2–3 . 299–306 . 1998 . 9748638 . 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00084-8.
  4. Elliott WJ, Sprecher H, Needleman P . Physiologic effects of columbinic acid and its metabolites on rat skin . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 835 . 1 . 158–60 . 1985 . 3924106 . 10.1016/0005-2760(85)90043-8.
  5. Web site: Korean pine nut may offer help for obesity . 2006-09-08.
  6. Lipids. April 2004. 39. 4. 383–7 . Selective increase in pinolenic acid (all-cis-5,9,12-18:3) in Korean pine nut oil by crystallization and its effect on LDL-receptor activity . Lee JW . Lee KW . Lee SW . Kim IH . Rhee C. . 10.1007/s11745-004-1242-2 . 15357026. 4058921.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pinolenic acid".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.