| Pigeon River | |
| Image Alt: | A landscape photograph showing the Pigeon River in a wooded setting in Hemlock Crossing Park in Port Sheldon Township, Michigan |
| Map: | Pigeon River Ottawa County Michigan map.png |
| Map Size: | 300 |
| Map Alt: | A map of the Pigeon River and its watershed. |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | United States |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | Michigan |
| Subdivision Type3: | County |
| Subdivision Name3: | Ottawa |
| Subdivision Type4: | Townships |
| Subdivision Name4: | Olive, Port Sheldon |
| Source1 Location: | Olive Township |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 42.9192°N -86.0448°W |
| Source1 Elevation: | 625feet[1] |
| Mouth: | Lake Michigan |
| Mouth Location: | Port Sheldon Township |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 42.9011°N -86.2153°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 581feet |
| Progression: | Lake Michigan—Lake Huron—St. Clair—Lake St. Clair—Detroit—Lake Erie—Niagara—Lake Ontario—St. Lawrence—Atlantic Ocean |
| Basin Size: | 61.7mi2 |
| Length: | 12.9miles |
| Discharge1 Location: | mouth |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 64.53cuft/s (estimate)[2] |
| Tributaries Left: | Sawyer Creek, Ten Hagen Creek |
| Waterbodies: | Pigeon Lake |
| Custom Label: | Hydrologic Unit Codes |
| Custom Data: | 040500020302, 040500020303 (USGS) |
The Pigeon River is a small river flowing to Lake Michigan on the western Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The river is approximately 12.9miles long[3] and drains an area of 61.7mi2[4] in a generally rural area situated between the cities of Holland and Grand Haven. Via Lake Michigan and the larger Great Lakes system, it is part of the watershed of the St. Lawrence River.
The Pigeon River's watershed and course are located entirely in western Ottawa County. The river is formed by a confluence of agricultural drainage ditches in Olive Township and flows generally west-southwestward into Port Sheldon Township. After flowing through Pigeon Lake, which is the only lake in the river's watershed, it flows into Lake Michigan in Port Sheldon Township, approximately 9.5miles northwest of Holland and 11.3miles south of Grand Haven.[5]
Two county-operated public parks, Pigeon Creek Park[6] and Hemlock Crossing,[7] are located along the lower course of the river. The river has been stocked annually with brown trout by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources since 2003.[8]
The Pigeon River watershed is located in portions of seven townships of Ottawa County:
| Township | Area of township in watershed | Percentage of watershed in township |
|---|---|---|
| Blendon | 13.3sqmi | 20.5% |
| Grand Haven | 1sqmi | 1.5% |
| Olive | 24.2sqmi | 37.4% |
| Park | 1.2sqmi | 1.9% |
| Port Sheldon | 17.9sqmi | 27.7% |
| Robinson | 6.8sqmi | 10.5% |
| Zeeland | 0.3sqmi | 0.5% |
Formerly covered by forests and wetlands including a black ash swamp that covered 75% of the watershed, by the 1920s most of the watershed had been cleared and drained for agriculture. Portions of the watershed were reforested in the 1940s to control wind erosion.[9] A 1997 watershed management plan found that approximately half of the land in the Pigeon River watershed was used for agriculture, with most of this area in Blendon, Olive, and Robinson townships. Agricultural production in the watershed included ornamental nursery crops, Christmas tree, blueberries, upland vegetables, field crops, turkeys, poultry eggs, beef and dairy cattle, and hogs.
Land use in the watershed as of 1992 was as follows:
| Land use | Percentage | Area |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | 49% | 31.7sqmi |
| Forest | 36% | 23.3sqmi |
| Rural residential | 5% | 3.2sqmi |
| Wetland | 1% | 0.6sqmi |
| Other uses | 9% | 5.8sqmi |
This is a list of named streams in the Pigeon River watershed (aside from the Pigeon River itself), as identified by the National Hydrography Dataset. The list's default order is from the mouth of the river to its source.
| Name | Flows into | data-sort-type="number" | Length | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ten Hagen Creek | Pigeon River | 5.5miles | |
| 2 | Sawyer Creek | Pigeon River | 1.8miles | |
| 3 | Owens and Sawyer Drain | unnamed tributary of Sawyer Creek | 1.8miles | |
| 4 | Walters Drain | Pigeon River | 2.7miles | |
| 5 | Blendon and Olive Drain | Sycamore Creek | 2.3miles | |