Pierre Sinaÿ Explained

Pierre Sinaÿ, born on April 11, 1938, in Aulnay-sous-Bois (Seine-et-Oise), is a French organic chemist.

Biography

After studying at the École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques de Nancy from 1958 to 1961, he obtained a doctorate under the supervision of Professor Serge David in 1966 and continued for two years at Harvard University in Massachusetts (United States) as a post-doctoral researcher with Professor Roger W. Jeanloz.[1] He then entered the University of Orléans in 1969 as a professor, where he was Director of the Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry from 1978 to 1987.[2] He then became Professor of Chemistry in 1986 at the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, where he then headed the Laboratory of Selective Processes in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the École normale supérieure. He then became Professor Emeritus at Sorbonne University in 2006 and joined the Paris Institute of Molecular Chemistry.[3]

Scientific work

Pierre Sinaÿ's scientific work focuses on the chemistry of carbohydrates and the understanding of the role of oligosaccharides in the living world. In the mid-1970s, Pierre Sinaÿ discovered and developed an effective method for oligosaccharide synthesis known as imidate glycosylation.[4] This, by now allowing access to increasingly complex carbohydrate structures, is not unrelated to the development of glycobiology, the aim of which is to decode the meaning of this third alphabet of saccharides, which is in addition to that of proteins and nucleic acids. He synthesized the antigenic determinants of substances in human blood groups[5] and then synthesized a complexly structured pentasaccharide representing the active site of heparin responsible for its antithrombotic effect.[6] This last achievement demonstrates for the first time, without any ambiguity, the molecular basis of such an activity, commonly used in hospital medicine. This breakthrough in glyco-chemistry has led to the concept of conformational flexibility,[7] [8] which is crucial in heparinology. First materialized by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance,[9] this concept was studied in detail using the chemical synthesis of constrained sugars adopting unconventional conformations.[10] Pierre Sinaÿ has also discovered and developed a whole series of conceptually new reactions. Selective examples include the synthesis of spiroorthoesters by using selenium chemistry,[11] the development of organometallic chemistry of anomeric carbon,[12] [13] the pioneering synthesis of C-disaccharides,[14] electrochemical glycosylation[15] and, more recently, a novel functionalization of cyclodextrins through a kind of molecular microsurgery in which aluminium derivatives are said to be the scalpel.[16] For the first time, the existence of the glycosyl cation, an intermediate conventionally postulated during glycosylation reactions, could be formally demonstrated through chemistry in a superacid environment.[17] A 4-volume book covers many aspects of carbohydrate chemistry and biology.[18]

Awards and honours

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Biographie (Académie des sciences). Apr 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20110113154959/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/S/Sinay_Pierre_bio.htm. January 13, 2011. dead.
  2. Web site: Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry - ICOA UMR 7311 | Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry - ICOA UMR 7311. www.icoa.fr. Apr 24, 2020.
  3. Web site: Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - Glycochimie Organique Biologique et Supramoléculaire (GOBS). www.ipcm.fr. Apr 24, 2020.
  4. J.-R. Pougny, J.-C. Jacquinet, M. Nassr, D. Duchet, M.-L. Milat, P. Sinaÿ, « A novel synthesis of 1,2 cis-disaccharides », Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1977, 99, p. 6762-63
  5. J.-C. Jacquinet, D. Duchet, M.-L. Milat, P. Sinaÿ, « Synthesis of blood group substances », Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions, 1, 1981, p. 186-91
  6. J. Choay, M. Petitou, J.-C. Lormeau, P. Sinaÿ, B. Casu, G. Gatti, « Structure-activity relationship in heparin : a synthetic pentasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III and eliciting high anti-factor Xa activity », Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1983, 116, p. 492
  7. B. Casu, J. Choay, D.R. Ferro, G. Gatti, J.-C. Jacquinet, M. Petitou, A. Provasoli, M. Ragazzi, P. Sinaÿ, G. Torri, « Controversial glycosaminoglycan conformations », Nature, 1986, 322, p. 215-16
  8. B. Casu, M. Petitou, M. Provasoli, P. Sinaÿ, « Conformational flexibility : a new concept for explaining binding and biological properties of iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans », Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1988, 13, p. 221-25
  9. D.R. Ferro, A. Provasoli, M. Ragazzi, G. Torri, B. Casu, G. Gatti, J.-C. Jacquinet, P. Sinaÿ, M. Petitou, J. Choay, « Evidence for conformational equilibrium of the sulfated L-iduronate residue in heparin and in synthetic heparin mono- and oligo-saccharides : NMR and force-field studies », Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1986, 108, p. 6773-78
  10. S.K. Das, J.-C. Mallet, J. Esnault, P.-A. Driguez, P. Duchaussoy, P. Sizun, J.-P. Herault, J.-M. Herbert, M. Petitou, P. Sinaÿ, « Synthesis of conformationally locked L- iduronic acid derivatives : direct evidence for a critical role of the skew-boat 2S0 conformer in the activation of antithrombin by heparin », Chemistry- A European Journal, 2001, 7, p. 4821-34
  11. G. Jaurand, J.-M. Beau, P. Sinaÿ, « Organoselenium chemistry : stereoselective conversion of glycals into anomeric spiroorthoesters using a glycosyloxyselenation- oxidation elimination sequence », Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1982, 12, p. 1701-03
  12. J.-M. Lancelin, L. Morin-Allory, P. Sinaÿ,, « Simple generation of a reactive glycosyl-lithium derivative », Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1984, 6, p. 355-56
  13. P. de Pouilly, A. Chenede, J.-M. Mallet, P. Sinaÿ, « Samarium diiodide-promoted chemistry at the anomeric center of carbohydrates. Reductive formation and reaction of samarium (III) reagents », Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 1993, 130, p. 256-65
  14. V. C. Xin, J.-M. Mallet, P. Sinaÿ, « An expeditious synthesis of C-disaccharide using a temporary silaketal connection », Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1993, 10, p. 864
  15. C. Amatore, A. Jutand, J.-M. Mallet, G. Meyer, P. Sinaÿ, « Electrochemical glycosylation using phenyl S-glycosides », Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1990, 9, p. 718
  16. A. J. Pearce, P. Sinaÿ, « Diisobutylaluminum-promoted regioselective de-O-benzylation of perbenzylated cyclodextrins : a powerful new strategy for the preparation of selectively modified cyclodextrins », Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2000, 39, p. 3610-12
  17. A. Martin, A. Arda, J. Désiré, A. Martin- Mingot, N. Probst, P. Sinaÿ J. Jimenez-Barbero, S. Thibaudeau, Y. Blériot, « Catching elusive glycosyl cations in a condensed phase with HF/SbF5- superacid », Nature Chemistry, 2016, 8
  18. B. Ernst, G. W. Hart, P. Sinaÿ, Carbohydrates in Chemistry and Biology, ouvrage en 4 volumes, Wiley-VCH, 2000
  19. Web site: Lauréats du Grand Prix Achille Le Bel. Apr 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20100216231405/http://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/fr/achille-le-bel.html. February 16, 2010. dead.
  20. Web site: American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society. Apr 24, 2020.
  21. Web site: Académie nationale de Pharmacie.

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