Pier 40 Explained

Pier 40
Nickname:Pier 40 at Hudson River Park, The Pier
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of Pier 40 at Hudson River Park
Address:353 West Street, Manhattan, New York 10014
Location:Greenwich Village
Coordinates:40.7292°N -74.0125°W
Type:Multi-purpose
Broke Ground:July 31, 1958
Opened:October 24, 1962 (as ship terminal)
May 12, 2005 (as Hudson River Park)
Renovated:1998–2005
Owner:State of New York
City of New York
Operator:Hudson River Park Trust
Surface:Turf
Cost:$19 million
Seating Type:Movable bleachers
Dimensions:400 × 400 feet
Field Shape:Square
Acreage:15
Tenants:New York Knights
Publictransit:Subway

to
Bus:

Pier 40 (officially known as Pier 40 at Hudson River Park) is a parking garage, sports facility, and former marine terminal at the west end of Houston Street in Manhattan, New York, within Hudson River Park. It is home to the New York Knights of the USA Rugby League, though it is primarily used by youth and high school athletics.

Pier 40 was originally one of five "finger" piers numbered 37 through 41, which were owned by the government of New York City, and were used by various transport companies. In 1956, the city announced a plan to consolidate the five piers into a single large passenger and cargo terminal serving the Holland America Line. Construction began in 1958 and the terminal was opened in 1962. When the Holland America Line moved to the New York Passenger Ship Terminal in 1974, the pier continued to be used by ships until 1983. Afterward, the New York State Department of Transportation purchased the pier as part of its failed Westway expressway proposal, with plans to use the pier for parking. Pier 40 was redesignated as parkland in 1998; several options for the structure were proposed, including redevelopment as a soccer stadium or an entertainment complex. It reopened in 2005 as a sporting complex within Hudson River Park.

The former cargo terminal is the largest structure in Hudson River Park, with an area of, and houses the Hudson River Park Trust's offices.[1] Various park tenants host activities in Pier 40 as well. Sports include baseball, football, soccer, boat building,[2] rowing, trapeze arts, and rugby among others. Despite its popularity, the terminal is dilapidated and sinking into the Hudson River, and was previously proposed for closure due to its deteriorated condition.

History

Cargo terminal and parking lot

Prior to the construction of Pier 40, five city-owned "finger" piers were located at the site. From south to north, these were Pier 37 (at Charlton Street), Pier 38 (at King Street), Pier 39 (at West Houston Street), Pier 40 (at Clarkson Street), and Pier 41 (at Leroy Street). Companies using the piers in the early 20th century included the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W), and the Atlantic Transport Line. By the 1950s, the piers were used by the DL&W and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.[3] [4]

The current Pier 40 was proposed as a passenger and cargo terminal in February 1956 by the city's Marine and Aviation Department. The plan was put forward to allow the Holland America Line to move its area operations from Hoboken, New Jersey on the other side of the Hudson River, where the company was based for 73 years. It was the first terminal of its kind to be built by the city, and was designed as a "massive hollow square" with three levels to accommodate cars, taxis, and commercial trucks. The massive four-block structure replaced the five smaller "finger" piers. Construction began on July 31, 1958,[5] at a projected cost of over $18 million.[6] [7] The pier began operations in 1962, with Holland America signing a 20-year lease for over $1.2 million in annual rent.[8] Holland America also moved its offices from the Financial District to Pier 40.[9] In its first year in operation, Pier 40 served over 2,000 passengers daily.[10] In 1971, the Pier was taken over by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[11] Holland America moved their operations to the New York Passenger Ship Terminal in Hell's Kitchen in 1974.[12] Pier 40 ceased serving ships at that time, and ended all operations around 1983.[13]

Following the cessation of maritime operations, in 1982 the Pier was purchased by the State of New York for the failed Westway project. Under the New York State Department of Transportation's operations, its primary use was as a parking complex for cars, buses and trucks, as well as commercial warehousing.[14] [15] Bus, truck, and warehousing activity ended in 2004.[16] [17]

Park use

The facility was rededicated under the Hudson River Park act of 1998.[18] [19] At this time, two small athletic fields opened on the pier's roof. Between 1998 and 2003, several plans abound for the redevelopment of the site. One was an entertainment complex featuring movie theaters and Cirque du Soleil performances. Another plan sought to construct a public high school along with swimming pools and retail space, in addition to conventional sports fields.[20] Additional plans called for a branch of the Guggenheim Museum,[21] and a big-box store.[22] [23] Ultimately, a plan backed by the community won out,[24] and the pier currently serves the dual purpose of commercial parking garage (located in the outer perimeter of the pier) and a multi-purpose sports facility (encompassing the center of the facility and small sections of the upper level). The main field, occupying the former cargo level, began construction in 2004, and opened in May 2005 with Governor George Pataki and professional soccer player Eddie Johnson in attendance.[25] [26] The sports fields were intended as an interim solution, until a major development would take place. According to the Hudson River Park Trust, the facility generates $6 million in operating revenue and 40 percent of the entire park's annual operating budget.[27] [28]

Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the pier was closed after being engulfed by more than of water.[29] The fields reopened on December 19 following a $50,000 donation to fix the damaged turf surface,[30] while full power was restored by spring 2013.[31]

Condition and use

Pier 40's design resembles a square donut, with the three decks hollowed in the center by the central courtyard. The outer facade consists of tan brick and blue-grey enamel. The outer decks, also referred to by the Hudson River Park Trust as the pier's "shed", are 175feet wide. The pier's base is made of concrete. Extending 810feet west out of Manhattan island over the Hudson River,[32] [33] the pier is held up by more than 3,500 steel H-pile girders reinforced by concrete sunk into the river. At the southwest corner of the site is a "finger pier" extending a further 142feet west.

According to several reports, the Pier is severely dilapidated and gradually sinking into the Hudson River.[34] Sections of the roof have fallen in, and portions of the garage, a stairwell, bathrooms, and one of the upper fields, have been closed since 2012. A 2014 report found that over half of the facility's 3,500 steel girders that hold it above the river are severely deteriorated, possibly due to the electrical rust-protection system being shut down during the 1970s fiscal crisis. The turf field is also subject to flooding and warping after heavy precipitation, even though turf fields are typically designed to optimize drainage. In spite of the revenue the facility generates, Hudson River Park officials have discussed closing the park due to the $7 million annual financial burden required to maintain it.[35]

As a marine terminal

The pier's three decks were used for the loading and unloading of cars, taxis, and trucks, which alleviated congestion on local streets. The ground floor was dedicated to cargo operations, with the central courtyard utilized for the parking and loading of up to 350 trucks simultaneously. The second floor was used for passenger operations, serving taxis picking up arriving passengers, and featuring a furnished waiting room. The roof served as parking for over 700 cars, and ramps connected the three levels.[36]

As Hudson River Park

The pier's outer decks now act as a parking garage. The car park, a self-parking facility, has a 1,700-car capacity (formerly accommodating approximately 2,000) and serves over 1,500 drivers.

The upper-level recreational area, opened in 1998, features two fields (one small field and one soccer field) and a "flying trapeze" operated by the Trapeze School of New York. The fields were resurfaced in 2004.[37] The rooftop field measures 120feetby210feetft (byft).[38]

The 400by main athletic field at ground level (called the courtyard field) is constructed of modern artificial turf manufactured by FieldTurf, consisting of plastic grass blades submerged in recycled rubber pellets. Construction of the field began in 2004,[39] and the field was opened in May 2005. The regulation-size baseball field is located at the southwest corner of the park, while the Little League/softball field is located at the northeast corner. Both fields feature imitation-dirt turf cut-outs, base anchors, dugout, and synthetic turf pitching mounds.[40] Indoor batting cages are located near the baseball field.[41] The center of the park (east-to-west) is marked up for football, with movable goal posts and practice sleds. Several movable soccer goals are also located around the ground floor field, which can be set up into two or four soccer pitches covering each half or each corner of the field respectively.[42] At some point, black nets were installed around the field to prevent balls from flying into the asphalt walkway that surrounds the perimeter of the sports field. The facility also features twelve stadium lighting fixtures, allowing night games to be played.[43]

Prior to 2008, Public Schools Athletic League (PSAL)-sanctioned high school baseball games could not be played at Pier 40. This was because the portable mounds owned by the facility, which were 13feet in diameter, did not meet the specifications of the league. The portable mounds (as opposed to a permanent dirt mound) were required to maintain the multi-purpose status of the field. In 2008, after lobbying by the nearby Stuyvesant High School, a new mound was purchased from an Iowa-based company that was 18feet in diameter. The new mound, consisting of a center and two side pieces, was the first mound of its kind, and allowed for PSAL league games to be played.[44] [45]

Spaces on the southern side of the pier are occupied by several nonprofit organizations such as the Village Community Boathouse, the River Project, and New York Outrigger, as well as a commercial a kayak shop. The Village Community Boathouse builds and stores traditional wooden rowboats there.[46] [47] During the summer months these boats, called Whitehall gigs, are launched at least twice weekly for free public rowing trips up and down the Hudson River.[48] There is also a mooring field, maintained by the Hudson River Park Trust, that offers seasonal and daily moorings for recreational sail and motor boats.[49]

Future development

When established as a park in 1998, Pier 40 was zoned for exclusively entertainment and retail purposes, with half of the pier required to be set aside for recreation. Because of the facility's condition, several proposals have been made to increase revenue to the park for repairs, which were estimated to cost anywhere between tens and hundreds of millions of dollars. A 2012 proposal from local real estate developer and former Friends of Hudson River Park chairman Douglas Durst would consolidate the current parking facilities from a self-park to three-level stacked parking, freeing up 500,000 square feet on the roof for commercial space. The plan did not gain support. A 2014 proposal would demolish and redevelop the building across the street into a residential and retail facility over the course of 10 years, which would require the sale of Pier 40's air rights but would generate an estimated $100 million in revenue.[50] This plan was reportedly canceled following public and political opposition.[51]

In 2012, reports surfaced that the then-new Major League Soccer team New York City FC, which plays at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, were seeking to develop a new soccer stadium at the Pier 40 site. Renderings of this proposed stadium were leaked online.[52] The plan was scrapped in 2015 due to local opposition.[53] [54]

Tenants

Professional

Amateur and youth

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Contact us. Hudson River Park. March 19, 2015.
  2. Web site: Village Community Boathouse – Pier 40 . Village Community Boathouse. en-US. June 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402162804/https://www.villagecommunityboathouse.org/. April 2, 2019. live.
  3. Book: Rebuilding New York City's Waterfront: A Progress Report to Robert F. Wagner, Mayor. September 5, 1956. New York City Department of Marine & Aviation. May 25, 2016.
  4. See:
  5. Web site: Flashback: Cementing Pier 40's place in Hudson history. August 5, 2008. The Villager. March 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122429/http://thevillager.com/villager_274/cementingpier40.html. March 4, 2016. dead.
  6. News: Work Begins Soon On Mammoth Pier: Contract Signing Will Clear Way for Holland-America Facility, Port's Biggest. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 22, 2015. March 28, 1958.
  7. Book: Rebuilding New York City's Waterfront: 1959 Progress. 1959. New York City Department of Marine & Aviation. May 25, 2016.
  8. News: Berkvist. Robert. Peerless Pier 40; City's Newest West Side Ship Terminal Represents a Dockside Revolution. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 22, 2015. April 28, 1963.
  9. News: New York City Marine Facility Now Operating. March 20, 2016. Niagara Falls Gazette. Fultonhistory.com. February 25, 1963. New York City.
  10. News: Pier a Year Old; City Aide Feted by Holland-America to Mark Move. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 29, 2015. March 13, 1964.
  11. News: Hine. Bill. Smith. Robert. Talking Point: Authority should be zapped for Pier 40's sorry state. May 25, 2016. The Villager. July 8, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207022829/http://thevillager.com/villager_270/talkingpoint.html. February 7, 2017. dead.
  12. Book: Brouwer. Norman. La Rocco. Barbara. A maritime history of New York. 2004. Going Coastal. New York City. 978-0972980319. 262–295. http://www.goingcoastal.org/img/mhpdf/Ch%2012%20Epilogue%201941-Present.pdf. May 25, 2016. Epilogue. https://web.archive.org/web/20160615070835/http://www.goingcoastal.org/img/mhpdf/Ch%2012%20Epilogue%201941-Present.pdf. June 15, 2016. live.
  13. Book: West Side Highway Project: Final Environmental Impact Statement. May 25, 2016. January 4, 1977. Federal Highway Administration, New York State Department of Transportation, United States Department of Transportation. 9, 53, 58, 60, 172.
  14. See:
  15. News: Kilgannon. Corey. Neighborhood Report: Hudson River Waterfront; Anchoring a Cruise Ship Pier for Earthly Pleasures. July 25, 1999. The New York Times. March 22, 2015. 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402224848/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/25/nyregion/neighborhood-report-hudson-river-waterfront-anchoring-cruise-ship-pier-for.html. April 2, 2015. live.
  16. News: Foderaro. Lisa W.. Repair Costs Could Bring Down a Popular Pier. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 20, 2015. August 17, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403105020/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/18/nyregion/repair-costs-could-bring-down-a-popular-pier.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion. April 3, 2015. live.
  17. News: Amateau. Albert. Trust sued over Pier 40 delays. March 20, 2016. Downtown Express. January 9, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207020137/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_35/trustsuedover.html. February 7, 2017. dead.
  18. Web site: Anderson. Lincoln. Cirque tries to swing Pier 40 deal. Downtown Express. March 20, 2015. December 1, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220318/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_186/cirquetriestoswing.html. September 23, 2015. dead.
  19. News: Martin. Douglas. Hudson Park Draws Closer To Reality; Proponents Celebrate Approval by Albany. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 30, 2015. July 30, 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180642/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/30/nyregion/hudson-park-draws-closer-to-reality-proponents-celebrate-approval-by-albany.html?pagewanted=all. April 2, 2015. live.
  20. News: Editorial. Turning a Pier Into a Park. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 29, 2015. February 7, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403043225/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/07/opinion/07thu4.html. April 3, 2015. live.
  21. News: A Pier, Once Ignored, Is Suddenly a Favorite. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 29, 2015. December 10, 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121409/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/10/garden/a-pier-once-ignored-is-suddenly-a-favorite.html. April 2, 2015. live.
  22. News: Pristin. Terry. Big-Box Plan, but With Icing on Top. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 29, 2015. November 24, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001324/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/24/nyregion/big-box-plan-but-with-icing-on-top.html. April 3, 2015. live.
  23. News: Pristin. Terry. Big-Box Store Backed for Pier 40 in Village. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 29, 2015. February 14, 2003. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403180243/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/14/nyregion/big-box-store-backed-for-pier-40-in-village.html. April 3, 2015. live.
  24. News: Foderaro. Lisa W.. How Diller and von Furstenberg Got Their Island in Hudson River Park. The New York Times. 0362-4331. May 12, 2015. April 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150508221042/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/05/nyregion/how-diller-and-von-furstenberg-got-their-island-in-hudson-river-park.html. May 8, 2015. live.
  25. Web site: Anderson. Lincoln. Things are kicking at the new Pier 40 athletic field. The Villager. March 20, 2015. May 18, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122425/http://thevillager.com/villager_107/thingsarekickingatthenew.html. March 4, 2016. dead.
  26. Web site: Governor George Pataki. Governor Opens New 3.2 Acre Athletic Field in Hudson River Park. Project Vote Smart. March 22, 2015. May 12, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110934/http://votesmart.org/public-statement/94658/governor-opens-new-32-acre-athletic-field-in-hudson-river-park#.VQ5MbvnF_h5. April 2, 2015. live.
  27. News: Bagli. Charles V.. Possible Deal May Bring Money to Repair Pier 40 in Manhattan. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 19, 2015. May 15, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160158/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/nyregion/possible-deal-may-bring-money-to-repair-pier-40-in-manhattan.html?_r=0. April 2, 2015. live.
  28. Web site: Pier 40: Construction and Design Status. March 19, 2015. Hudson River Park.
  29. Web site: Sinking Pier 40: Durst Leaves Hudson River Park Amid Mutiny Over Its Future. Chaban. Matt. December 16, 2012. The New York Observer. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150101132350/http://observer.com/2012/12/sinking-pier-40-durst-leaves-hudson-river-park-amid-mutiny-over-its-future/. January 1, 2015. March 20, 2015.
  30. Web site: With $50K in Donations, Pier 40 Ball Fields Reopen After Sandy. Swalec. Andrea. December 20, 2012. DNA.info. New York City. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402184051/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20121220/west-village/with-50k-donations-pier-40-ball-fields-reopen-after-sandy. April 2, 2015. March 20, 2015.
  31. Web site: Lights on at Pier 40. Hudson River Park. December 5, 2013.
  32. Web site: Condition Monitoring Inspection: Pier 40. Hudson River Park Trust. March 20, 2016. March 2015.
  33. News: Associated Press. New Pier for Liners Planned in N.Y. City. March 20, 2016. Knickerbocker News. Fultonhistory.com. April 26, 1967. New York City. Associated Press.
  34. Web site: Water world at Pier 40. June 7, 2006. The Villager. March 24, 2015. February 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200217195250/https://www.thevillager.com/2006/06/water-world-at-pier-40/. live.
  35. News: Cuozzo. Steve. Pier 40: Durst to the rescue. New York Post. March 20, 2015. August 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403104809/http://nypost.com/2012/08/28/pier-40-durst-to-the-rescue/. April 3, 2015. live.
  36. News: Bamberger. Werner. Pier 40 Dedicated By City Officials; Terminal May Be Ready for Use in 2 Months. The New York Times. 0362-4331. March 22, 2015. October 25, 1962.
  37. Web site: 2004 Annual Report and Financing Plan. Hudson River Park Trust. March 20, 2016. 2004.
  38. Web site: Pier 40 Fields. Hudson River Park. February 9, 2017.
  39. Web site: Pier 40 Sports Field Preparation Hits Overtime; Opening Is Set For Mid-april. FieldTurf. March 20, 2015. 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091503/http://www.fieldturf.com/en/artificial-turf/artificial-turf-news/pier-40-sports-field-preparation-hits-overtime-opening-is-set-for-mid-april. April 2, 2015. live.
  40. News: Roy. Zachary. Pier 40 field expected to open in April. March 20, 2016. Downtown Express. April 1, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054121/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_99/pier40field.html. March 4, 2016. dead.
  41. Web site: Baseball At Pier 40 In Greenwich Village. Hudson River Park. February 9, 2017.
  42. See:
    • Web site: Pier 40 - Soccer Fields Map: U11 & U12 (7 v 7). Downtown United Soccer Club. March 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160405082744/http://static1.squarespace.com/static/55d1ec72e4b06ab7f69741f5/t/56d834dac6fc08fe1253216f/1457009883199/Pier+40+-+Field+Map+-+U9-U10.pdf. April 5, 2016. live.
    • Web site: Pier 40 - Soccer Fields Map: U11 & U12 (9 v 9). Downtown United Soccer Club. March 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160320182308/http://static1.squarespace.com/static/55d1ec72e4b06ab7f69741f5/t/56d834fbc6fc08fe125321fa/1457009916114/Pier+40+-+Field+Map+-+U11-U12.pdf. March 20, 2016. live.
  43. Web site: Roy. Zachary. Pier 40 sports field preparation hits overtime; opening is set for mid-April. The Villager. March 20, 2015. April 5, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20130902004105/http://thevillager.com/villager_100/pier40sports.html. September 2, 2013. dead.
  44. Web site: Anderson. Lincoln. Singh. Aman. Oh oh, there's another mound problem; at Pier 40. The Villager. March 19, 2015. May 10, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20130902003356/http://thevillager.com/villager_105/ohohtheresanother.html. September 2, 2013. dead.
  45. Web site: About Us. Friends of Stuyvesant Baseball. February 17, 2020. June 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190603082825/https://www.stuybaseball.org/about-us/. live.
  46. News: Mineau. Ted. 2014 Village Award winner: Village Community Boathouse. February 9, 2017. Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation. May 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081442/http://gvshp.org/blog/2014/05/27/2014-village-award-winner-village-community-boathouse/. February 11, 2017. live.
  47. Web site: Boat Building At Pier 40: Village Community Boathouse At Pier 40 In Greenwich Village. Hudson River Park. February 9, 2017.
  48. Web site: Rowing at Pier 40. Hudson River Park. February 9, 2017.
  49. Web site: Pier 40 Moorings. Hudson River Park. February 9, 2017.
  50. Web site: Rosenberg. Zoe. Pier 40 Air Rights Deal Could Mean Affordable Housing Nearby. Curbed. March 20, 2015. November 12, 2014.
  51. Web site: Budin. Jeremiah. Pier 40's Secret $100 Million Air Rights Memorandum Is Dead. Curbed. March 20, 2015. June 9, 2014.
  52. Web site: La Guerre . Liam . Renderings leaked of potential Manhattan soccer stadium at Pier 40 . Queens Courier . August 2, 2013 . November 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191103011457/https://qns.com/story/2013/08/02/renderings-leaked-of-potential-manhattan-soccer-stadium-at-pier-40/ . November 3, 2019 . live .
  53. News: New York City F.C., Searching for Stadium Site, Is Considering Columbia Athletic Complex. Bagli. Charles V.. April 28, 2015. The New York Times. April 28, 2015. Das. Andrew. https://web.archive.org/web/20151029110625/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/sports/soccer/new-york-city-fc-searching-for-stadium-site-is-considering-columbia-athletic-complex.html?smid=tw-share&_r=2. October 29, 2015. live.
  54. Web site: The Problems With Pier 40. Diaz. Cesar. June 4, 2012. U.S. National Soccer Players. New York City. August 18, 2017.
  55. Web site: New York Knights. USA Rugby League. 2019-11-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20190619212538/http://www.usarl.org/rugby-clubs/new-york-knights/. June 19, 2019. live.
  56. News: Anderson. Lincoln. Champs pitch towers plan; Durst goes to bat for reuse. March 20, 2016. The Villager. March 7, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20160322234207/http://thevillager.com/2013/03/07/champs-pitch-towers-plan-durst-goes-to-bat-for-reuse/. March 22, 2016. live.
  57. News: Jean-Lubin. Daniel. Founded on computer programming, ASA now has a top baseball program. March 20, 2016. The Villager. March 28, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20160320184051/http://thevillager.com/2013/03/28/founded-on-computer-programming-asa-now-has-a-top-baseball-program/. March 20, 2016. live.
  58. News: Jean-Lubin. Daniel. In second season, ASA lax team netting lots more wins. March 20, 2016. The Villager. April 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160401055856/http://thevillager.com/2013/04/04/in-second-season-asa-lax-team-netting-lots-more-wins/. April 1, 2016. live.
  59. News: Peglegs leg it up to Pier 40. March 20, 2016. The Villager. September 21, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207021349/http://thevillager.com/villager_125/pegleslegitup.html. February 7, 2017. dead.

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