| Pibor River | |
| Pushpin Map: | South Sudan |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of mouth in South Sudan |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 6.7951°N 33.1519°W |
| Source1 Elevation: | 418m (1,371feet) |
| Mouth Location: | Ajungmir, Jonglei |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 8.4337°N 33.2185°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 404m (1,325feet) |
| Subdivision Type1: | Countries |
| Length: | 320km (200miles) |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 98m3/s |
| Basin Size: | 10000km2 |
| Progression: | Sobat River → White Nile → Nile → Mediterranean Sea |
The Pibor River (also called the River Pibor[1]) is a river in eastern South Sudan, which defines part of South Sudan's border with Ethiopia. From its source near Pibor Post it flows north for about 320km (200miles), joining the Baro River to form the Sobat River, which is a tributary of the White Nile.[2]
The Pibor and its tributaries drain a watershed 10000km2 in size. The river's mean annual discharge at its mouth is 98 m³/s (3,460 ft³/s).[3]
The Pibor River is formed by various streams that come together at Pibor Post, a colonial era outpost built in 1912 and originally called Fort Bruce. The Pibor flows north, receiving the Akobo River near Akobo. Continuing north the Pibor receives the Gilo River and Bela Rivers on the right, then joins the Baro River, forming the Sobat River.
The Pibor, Baro, Gilo, and Akobo rivers all drain the Ethiopian Highlands. The Baro River is by far the largest, contributing 83% of the total water flowing into the Sobat River. During the rainy season, between June and October, the Baro River alone contributes about 10% of the Nile's water at Aswan, Egypt. In contrast, these rivers have very low flow during the dry season.[4]
The boundary between Sudan and Ethiopia was defined for the region near the Pibor River in 1899 by Major H.H. Austin and Major Charles W. Gwynn of the British Royal Engineers. They had no knowledge of the land, its inhabitants, or their languages, and were short on supplies. Rather than defining a line based on ethnic groups and traditional territories, essentially along the escarpment that separates the Ethiopian Highlands and the plains of the Sudanian Savanna, they simply proposed a line drawn down the middle of the Akobo River and parts of the Pibor and Baro rivers. This boundary was consummated in the Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1902, resulting in an area in Ethiopian Gambela Region called the Baro Salient. This area is more closely connected to South Sudan than Ethiopia, both in terms of natural features and people. The Baro Salient was used as a sanctuary by Sudanese insurgents during the country's long civil wars. It was difficult for Sudan to exert authority over a region that is part of Ethiopia, and Ethiopia was reluctant to police this remote region and become involved in the politics of Sudan's internal conflicts.[5]