Piano quintet explained
In classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments, most commonly (since 1842) a string quartet (i.e., two violins, viola, and cello). The term also refers to the group of musicians that plays a piano quintet. The genre flourished during the nineteenth century.
Until the middle of the nineteenth century, most piano quintets were scored for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Following the success of Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 44 in 1842, which paired the piano with a string quartet, composers increasingly adopted Schumann's instrumentation, and it was this form of the piano quintet that dominated during the second half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century.
Among the best known and most frequently performed piano quintets, aside from Schumann's, are Schubert's Trout quintet and the piano quintets of Johannes Brahms, César Franck, Antonín Dvořák and Dmitri Shostakovich.[1]
The piano quintet before 1842
While the related chamber music genres of the piano trio and piano quartet were established in the eighteenth century by Mozart and others, the piano quintet did not come into its own until the nineteenth century.[2] Its roots extend into the late Classical period, when piano concertos were sometimes transcribed for piano with string quartet accompaniment.[3]
Although Luigi Boccherini composed quintets for piano and string quartet, before 1842 it was more common for the piano to be joined by violin, viola, cello and double bass. Among the best known quintets for this combination of instruments are Franz Schubert's "Trout" Quintet in A major (1819) and Johann Nepomuk Hummel's Piano Quintet in E-flat minor, Op.87 (1802). Other piano quintets using this instrumentation were composed by Jan Ladislav Dussek (1799), Ferdinand Ries (1817), Johann Baptist Cramer (1825, 1832), Henri Jean Rigel (1826), Johann Peter Pixis (ca.1827), Franz Limmer (1832), Louise Farrenc (1839, 1840), and George Onslow (1846, 1848, 1849).[4] [5]
Mozart (in 1784) and Ludwig van Beethoven (in 1796) each composed a quintet for piano and winds, scored for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon, that are sometimes referred to as piano quintets.
Schumann and the Romantic piano quintet
In the middle of the 19th century, Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 44 (1842), composed for piano with string quartet, helped establish that combination of instruments as the typical model for the piano quintet. Schumann's choice of scoring reflected developments in musical performance and instrumental design.
By midcentury, the string quartet was regarded as the most prestigious and important chamber music genre, while advances in the design of the piano had expanded its power and dynamic range. Bringing the piano and string quartet together, Schumann's piano quintet took full advantage of the expressive possibilities of these forces in combination, alternating conversational passages between the five instruments with passages in which the combined forces of the strings are massed against the piano. In Schumann's hands, the piano quintet became a genre "suspended between private and public spheres" alternating between "quasi-symphonic and more properly chamber-like elements"—well suited to an era when chamber music was increasingly being performed in large concert halls rather than at private gatherings in intimate spaces.[6]
Schumann's quintet helped establish the piano quintet as a significant chamber music genre during the Romantic period in classical music.[7] It was immediately acclaimed and widely imitated.[8] Johannes Brahms, for example, was persuaded by Clara Schumann (who had played the piano part in the first public performance of her husband's piano quintet) to rework a sonata for two pianos as a piano quintet. The result, the Piano Quintet in F minor (1864), is one of the most frequently performed works of the genre.[9]
Subsequent compositions such as César Franck's Piano Quintet in F minor (1879) and Antonín Dvořák's Piano Quintet #2 in A major, Op. 81 (1887) further solidified the genre as a "vehicle for Romantic expression."
20th century
In the twentieth century, the piano quintet repertoire was expanded with contributions by composers such as Béla Bartók, Sergei Taneyev, Louis Vierne, Edward Elgar, Amy Beach, Gabriel Fauré, and Dmitri Shostakovich. However, unlike the string quartet, which remained an important chamber music genre for musical experimentation, the piano quintet came to acquire "a somewhat conservative profile, far from major developments" in musical expression.[10]
List of compositions for piano quintet
The following is a partial list of compositions for piano quintet. All works are scored for piano and string quartet unless otherwise noted.
Before 1800
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Piano Quintet in E major, K. 452 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1784)
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 16 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1796)
- Franz Ignaz von Beecke
- Piano Quintet in A minor (between 1770 and 1780)
- Luigi Boccherini
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.1 in E minor, G 407
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.2 in F major, G 408
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.3 in C major, G 409
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.4 in E major, G 410
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.5 in D major, G 411
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.6 in A minor, G 412
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.1 in A major, G 413
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.2 in B major, G 414
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.3 in E minor, G 415
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.4 in D minor, G 416
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.5 in E major, G 417
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.6 in C major, G 418
- Jan Ladislav Dussek
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 41 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1799)
19th century
- Alexander Alyabyev
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in E major
- Elfrida Andrée
- Piano Quintet in E minor (1865)
- Franz Berwald
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1853)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in A major (1857)
- Sandro Blumenthal
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in D major, Op. 2 (publ. 1900)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in G major, Op. 4 (publ. 1900)
- João Domingos Bomtempo (for most of the quintets some parts are lost)
- 3 Piano Quintets, B67-69
- 3 Piano Quintets, B70-72
- Piano Quintet in E major, B73
- Piano Quintet in D minor, B74
- Piano Quintet in E major Op. 16 (pub. 1813 or 1814)
- Alexander Borodin
- Piano Quintet in C minor (1862)
- Johannes Brahms
- Max Bruch
- Piano Quintet in G minor Op. Post. (1886)
- Alexis Castillon de Saint-Victor
- Piano Quintet in E major Op. 1 (1864)
- George Whitefield Chadwick
- Piano Quintet in E major (1887)
- Camille Chevillard
- Piano Quintet in E minor Op. 1 (1882)
- Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 1 (1893)
- Johann Baptist Cramer
- Piano Quintet in B major, Op. 79 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass)
- Carl Czerny
- Ernő Dohnányi
- Piano Quintet No. 1, Op. 1 (1895)
- Piano Quintet No. 2, Op. 26 (1914)
- Felix Draeseke
- Piano Quintet in B major, Op. 48, (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and horn; 1888)
- Antonín Dvořák
- Louise Farrenc
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in A minor, Op. 30 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1839)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in E major, Op. 31 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1840)
- Zdeněk Fibich
- Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 42, (for piano, violin, clarinet, horn, and cello 1893)
- John Field
- Piano Quintet in A major, H. 34 (around 1815)
- Arthur Foote
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 38 (1897, publ. 1898)
- César Franck
- Eduard Franck
- Piano Quintet in D major, op. 45 (1882)
- Carl Frühling
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 30 (1892)
- Friedrich Gernsheim
- Piano Quintet no. 1 in D minor, op. 35
- Piano Quintet no. 2 in B minor, op. 63, c. 1897
- Hermann Goetz
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 16 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1874)
- Karl Goldmark
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in B major, Op. 30 (1879)[11]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in C minor, Op. 54 (1914?5? published 1916)
- Théodore Gouvy
- Piano Quintet in A major Op. 24 (1859)
- Enrique Granados
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 49 (1894)
- Emil Hartmann
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 5 (1865)
- Peter Arnold Heise
- Piano Quintet in F major (1869)
- Heinrich von Herzogenberg
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 17 (1876)
- Hans Huber
- Piano Quintet No.1 in G minor, Op.111 (1896)
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel
- Piano Quintet in E minor, Op. 87 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; composed 1802, published 1822)
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 74 (transcribed for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass from the Op. 74 Septet; 1816)
- Engelbert Humperdinck
- Piano Quintet in G major (1875)
- Salomon Jadassohn
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor, Op. 70 (1883)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in F major, Op.76 (1884)
- Piano Quintet No. 3 in G minor, Op.126 (1895)
- Friedrich Kiel
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in A major, Op. 75 (1874)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in c minor, Op. 76 (1874)
- August Klughardt
- Piano quintet in G minor, Op. 43 (c. 1883)
- Hans von Koessler (1853–1926)
- Josef Labor
- Piano Quintet in E minor, Op. 3 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, 1886)
- Piano Quintet, Op. 11 (for piano, clarinet, violin, viola and cello, 1900)
- Édouard Lalo
- Piano quintet in A major ("Fantaisie-quintette" in 2 movements, 1862)
- Franz Limmer
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 13 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; c. 1830)
- Giuseppe Martucci
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 45 (1878)
- Vítězslav Novák
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 12 (1896)
- Józef Nowakowski
- Piano Quintet No.1, Op.10 (1833)
- Piano Quintet No.2 in E major, Op.17 (1833)
- George Onslow
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 70 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1846)
- Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 76 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1846)
- Piano Quintet in B major, Op. 79b (1849)
- Henrique Oswald
- Ebenezer Prout
- Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 3 (published 1870)
- Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 1 (publ. 1803)
- Joachim Raff
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 107 (1862)
- Fantasie in G minor, Op. 207b (1877)
- Max Reger
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1897–98)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in C minor, Op. 64 (1901–02)
- Anton Reicha
- Piano Quintet in C minor (1826)
- Carl Reinecke
- Piano Quintet in A major, Op. 83 (by 1865)
- Josef Rheinberger
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 114 (1878)
- Ferdinand Ries
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 74 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1817)
- Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Quintet in B major for Piano and Winds (for piano, flute, clarinet, horn and bassoon; 1876)
- Anton Rubinstein
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 99 (1876?)
- Camille Saint-Saëns
- Franz Schubert
- Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (popularly called the Trout Quintet; for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1819)
- Georg Schumann
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in E minor, Op. 18 (1898)
- Robert Schumann
- Giovanni Sgambati
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in F minor, Op. 4 (1866)[12]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in B major, Op. 5
- Jean Sibelius
- Piano Quintet in G minor (1890)
- Christian Sinding
- Piano Quintet in E minor. Op. 5 (1882–84)
- Louis Spohr
- Piano Quintet No. 1. Op. 53
- Piano Quintet No. 2, Op. 130 (1845)
- Charles Villiers Stanford
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 25 (1886)[13]
- Josef Suk
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 8 (1893, rev. 1915)
- Ferdinand Thieriot
- Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 20 (1869, rev. 1894)
- Ludwig Thuille
- Piano Quintet in G minor, w/o Op. (1880)[14]
- Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 20 (1901)[15]
- Charles-Marie Widor
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 7 (1868)[16]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in D, Op. 68 (1894)
- Georges Martin Witkowski
- Piano Quintet in B minor (1898)
- Juliusz Zarębski
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 34 (1885)
1900 and after
A
B
C–E
F–G
H–K
- Henry Kimball Hadley
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op.50 (1919)
- Reynaldo Hahn
- Piano Quintet in F minor (1922)
- Marc-André Hamelin
- Piano Quintet (2002 et seq.)
- Roy Harris
- Hamilton Harty
- Piano Quintet in F major, Op. 12 (1904)
- Robert Helps
- Quintet for violin, cello, flute, clarinet, piano (1997)
- Hans Werner Henze
- Jennifer Higdon
- Scenes from the Poet's Dreams for Piano Quintet (1999)
- Alfred Hill
- Life Quintet in E major with vocal Finale (1912)
- Alistair Hinton
- Piano Quintet (1980–81; 2005–10)
- Katherine Hoover
- Piano Quintet, Op. 39, Da Pacem (1988)
- Mary Howe
- Hans Huber
- Piano Quintet No.2 in G major, Op.125 (1907)
- Jean Huré
- Piano Quintet in D major (1907–08)
- Vincent d'Indy
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 81 (1924)
- Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
- An Evening in Georgia, Op. 71 (for piano, flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon, 1935)
- Paul Juon
- No.1 in D minor, Op. 33 (1906) with 2 Violas (version with 2 violins, viola and cello Op. 33a)
- No.2, Op. 44 (1909)
- Robert Kahn
- Piano Quintet in D major (1926)
- Shigeru Kan-no
- Piano Quintet WVE-180f (2002)
- Elena Kats-Chernin
- Hugo Kaun
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 39 (1902)
- Frida Kern
- Rondino for Piano Quintet, Op. 58 (1950)
- Charles Koechlin
- Piano Quintet Op. 80 (1917–21)
- Joonas Kokkonen
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold
- Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 15 (1921)
- Anna Korsun
- Isostasie for piano quintet (2011)
- Lou Koster
- E Summerowend / Soir d’été, Valse sérénade[23]
L–M
N–Q
R
- Behzad Ranjbaran
- Alan Rawsthorne
- Ottorino Respighi
- Piano Quintet in F minor (1902)
- Josef Rheinberger
- Piano Quintet in C, Op. 114
- Malcolm D Robertson
- Ned Rorem
- Winter Pages for clarinet, bassoon, violin, cello, and piano (1981)
- Bright Music for flute, 2 violins, cello and piano (1987)
- The Unquestioned Answer for flute, 2 violins, cello, and piano (2002)
S
- Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1919–20)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 (1932–33)
- Bent Sørensen
- Rosenbad – Papillons (2013)
- Ann Southam
- Quintet (for string quartet and piano) (1986)
- Georgia Spiropoulos
- ... landscapes & monstrous things ... (2016, for piano quintet, electronics and video)
- Iet Stants
- Carlos Stella
- Hockney's Choclo: 10 variations, imitations and paraphrases on Piazzolla's arrangement of the tango 'El Choclo' after a picture by David Hockney for accordion, piano, violin, electric guitar and bass (2003)
- Richard Stöhr
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op.43
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op.94 (1943)
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op.111b (1945)
- Constantinos Stylianou
- Three Scenes from a Funeral (2004)
- Ananda Sukarlan
- "Annanolli's Sky" for piano quintet (2017)
- Edith Swepstone
- Piano Quintet in f minor
- Quintet in E-flat major (for piano and winds)
- Jadwiga Szajna-Lewandowska
- Six Pieces (for piano and string quartet) (1978)
- Five Pieces for Piano Quintet (1978)
T–Z
- Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
- Piano Quintet (for violin, viola, cello, bass and piano, 2010)
- Germaine Tailleferre
- Fantaisie sur un thème donné de Georges Caussade for Piano Quintet (1912)
- Sergei Taneyev
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 30 (1911)
- Boris Tchaikovsky
- Ernst Toch
- Piano Quintet, Op. 64 (1938)
- Donald Tovey
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op.6 (1900)
- Joan Tower
- Dumbarton Quintet for Piano Quintet (2008)
- Joaquín Turina
- Stefania Turkewich
- Mark-Anthony Turnage
- Ralph Vaughan Williams
- Piano Quintet in C Minor (piano, violin, viola, cello & double bass) (1903)
- Oscar Vermeire
- Quintette symphonique in B minor, Op. 25 (1910)
- Louis Vierne
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 42 (1917)
- Alba Rosa Viëtor
- Quintetto in La Minore (1940)
- Julian Wagstaff
- Errollyn Wallen
See also
Further reading
- Basil Smallman (1994). The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style Structure, and Scoring, New York: Oxford University Press. .
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Robin Stowell. Jonathan Cross. The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-00042-0. 324.
- The quintets for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon composed by Mozart and Beethoven are usually described as "quintets for piano and winds" so as to distinguish them from compositions for piano and four strings.
- Book: Willi Apel. The Harvard Dictionary of Music. 28 November 2003. Harvard University Press. 978-0-674-01163-2. 699.
- Book: Smallman, Basil. The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring. 1996. Clarendon Press. 978-0-19-816640-5. 3.
- Book: Basil Smallman. The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring. 1996. Clarendon Press. 978-0-19-816640-5. 26.
- John Daverio, 'Robert Schumann: Herald of a "New Poetic Age."' (1997, Oxford), p. 256
- Stowell, Robin The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, pp. 323–324.
- [Basil Smallman|Smallman, Basil]
- http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/?fuseaction=composition&composition_id=2431 Rodda, Richard E. "Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34," n.p.
- Stowell, Robin. The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, p. 325.
- Web site: Goldmark Quintets. 4 August 2009. 17 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120217001052/http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/goldmark-piano-quintet-1.htm. live.
- Web site: Description Page – Sgambati First Piano Quintet. Edition Silvertrust. 4 August 2009. 30 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110430064255/http://editionsilvertrust.com/sgambati-piano-quintet-1.htm. live.
- Web site: Description Page – Stanford Piano Quintet. Edition Silvertrust. 4 August 2009. 3 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081203120232/http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/stanford-piano-quintet.htm. live.
- Web site: Description of Disc with Both of Thuille's Quintets. 4 August 2009. 28 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628072225/http://recordsinternational.com/cd.php?cd=04I005. live.
- Web site: Description Page – Thuille Piano Quintet in E flat. Edition Silvertrust. 4 August 2009. 17 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120217001043/http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/thuille-pno-quintet.htm. live.
- Web site: List of works by Charles-Marie Widor. IMSLP. 10 March 2014. 26 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140226064547/http://imslp.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Charles-Marie_Widor. live.
- Web site: James Aikman – Piano Quintet. Non-Sequitur Music Publishing. 17 September 2014. 29 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184516/http://www.nonsequiturmusic.com/pquintet.htm. live.
- Web site: ARENSKI Anton Stéphanovitch Suites pour piano n°1 à 5 . abeillemusique.com . 24 December 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142658/http://www.abeillemusique.com/produit.php?cle=16883 . 19 July 2011 . dead .
- Web site: Bacewicz Worklist. 6 August 2009. 1998–2003. Polish Music Information Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223016/http://www.usc.edu/dept/polish_music/VEPM/bacewicz/bac-wrks.html. 3 March 2016. dead.
- Web site: Trevor Bray . Frank Bridge: A Life in Brief ~ Appendix 3: List of Works: 122 . Trevor-bray-music-research.co.uk . 24 June 1965 . 24 December 2010 . 21 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721220739/http://www.trevor-bray-music-research.co.uk/Bridge%20LinB/ap3lofw_122.html . live .
- Web site: Catalogue. 23 May 2021. 23 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210523141215/https://www.wisemusicclassical.com/catalogue/works/?composer=%22Gabriela+Lena+Frank%22&category=%22Small+Ensemble+(2-6+players)%22&yearComposed=%5B0,2021%5D&results=1. live.
- Web site: FURTWANGLER Piano Quintet [RB]: Classical Reviews- Aug 2002 MusicWeb(UK) |publisher=Musicweb-international.com |access-date=24 December 2010 |archive-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605013850/http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2002/Aug02/Furtwangler_quintet.htm |url-status=live ].
- Web site: Object Metadata. 8 June 2021. 8 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210608231657/https://mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de/artikel/Lou_Koster.html#Werkverzeichnis. live.
- Web site:
- Joan Panetti, composer **
. joanpanetti.com. 1 December 2022. 7 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221207190738/http://joanpanetti.com/. live.
- Web site: Chaconne for piano quintet | Janet Peachey, Composer. 1 December 2022. 1 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221201095743/https://www.janetpeachey.com/site/music/chaconne-for-piano-quintet/. live.
- Web site: List of works . 22 July 2022 . 22 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220722191108/https://www.juliapurgina.net/list-of-works . live .
- . p. 33.
- Rochberg, George; Gene Rochberg. . p. 111.
- Web site: The Scotsman, 9 November 2007. 22 April 2018. 27 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110927083224/http://www.scotsman.com/music/crossover-without-the-cheese.3478476.jp. live.
- Web site: CCM :: Wright, Margot Wright. 9 June 2021. 9 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210609082934/http://composers-classical-music.com/w/WrightMargot.htm. live.