| President's Intelligence Advisory Board | |
| Type: | Advisor |
| Seal: | Seal of the Executive Office of the President of the United States 2014.svg |
| Preceding6: | --> |
| Superseding6: | --> |
| Jurisdiction: | United States |
| Minister8 Name: | --> |
| Deputyminister8 Name: | --> |
| Chief1 Name: | Sandy Winnefeld |
| Chief1 Position: | Chair |
| Child1 Agency: | Intelligence Oversight Board |
| Child25 Agency: | --> |
| Keydocument6: | --> |
| Website: | President's Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board Website |
The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisory body to the Executive Office of the President of the United States. According to its self-description, it "provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."[1]
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
In January 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA).[2] The first board, under chair James Killian, included the following members:[3]
In May 1961, President John F. Kennedy renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB).[4]
The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President Jimmy Carter abolished the PFIAB, but President Ronald Reagan re-established it later.[5]
On February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush renamed the agency to President's Intelligence Advisory Board, its present form.[6]
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the Los Alamos National Laboratory during the 1990s.[7]
President Gerald Ford created the IOB following a 1975–76 investigation by the US Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976.[8] In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, under Executive Order #12863 of President Bill Clinton.
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.[9] Thirteen cases involving FBI actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.[10]
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.[8]
In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President Barack Obama, possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden.[11] The membership had not been increased as of July 2014.[12]
During the administration of President George W. Bush, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,[13] and the Trump Administration issued a press release announcing the nominations of new members.[14]
In August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:[15]
In 2003, there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.
The entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.[16]
President Obama appointed Chuck Hagel, former United States Senator from Nebraska, and current University of Oklahoma President David Boren as PIAB co-chairs.[17]
The following other members were appointed to the board under President Obama:[18]
In May 2013, the White House dismissed 10 members of the board.[23] The four remaining members of the PIAB were:[1]
In August 2014, President Obama nominated six new members:[24]
President Donald Trump named the following persons to the PIAB:[25]
In February 2019, President Trump named three additional members:[14]
In May 2019, President Trump named Ray Washburne as an additional member.[26] [27]
In May 2022, President Joe Biden named the below persons to the PIAB.[28]
In June 2022, he named Evan Bayh to the PIAB.[29]
In October 2022, he named Anne Finucane to the PIAB.[30]
In November 2022, he named Mark Angelson to the PIAB.[31]
In January 2023, he named Margaret Hamburg, Kim Cobb, and Kneeland Youngblood to the PIAB.[32]
In March 2023, he named Hamilton E. James and Julia Santucci to the PIAB.[33]
PIAB chairpersons have been:[34]
| Officeholder | Term start | Term end | President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Killian | January 13, 1956 | March 1, 1958 | Dwight Eisenhower | |
| John Hull | March 1, 1958 | January 20, 1961 | ||
| Vacant | January 20, 1961 | May 4, 1961 | John F. Kennedy | |
| James Killian | May 4, 1961 | April 23, 1963 | ||
| John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson | ||||
| Clark Clifford | April 23, 1963 | February 29, 1968 | ||
| Max Taylor | February 29, 1968 | May 1, 1970 | ||
| Richard Nixon | ||||
| George Anderson | May 1, 1970 | March 11, 1976 | ||
| Gerald Ford | ||||
| Leo Cherne | March 11, 1976 | May 4, 1977 | ||
| Jimmy Carter | ||||
| Board abolished | May 4, 1977 | October 20, 1981 | ||
| Anne Armstrong | October 20, 1981 | July 17, 1990 | Ronald Reagan | |
| George H. W. Bush | ||||
| John Tower | July 17, 1990 | April 5, 1991 | ||
| Bobby Inman | April 5, 1991 | January 20, 1993 | ||
| William Crowe | January 20, 1993 | May 26, 1994 | Bill Clinton | |
| Les Aspin | May 26, 1994 | May 21, 1995 | ||
| Warren Rudman | May 21, 1995 | January 16, 1996 | ||
| Tom Foley | January 16, 1996 | November 19, 1997 | ||
| Warren Rudman | November 19, 1997 | October 5, 2001 | ||
| George W. Bush | ||||
| Brent Scowcroft | October 5, 2001 | February 25, 2005 | ||
| Jim Langdon | February 25, 2005 | December 20, 2005 | ||
| Steve Friedman | December 20, 2005 | October 28, 2009 | ||
| Barack Obama | ||||
| David Boren Chuck Hagel | October 28, 2009 | February 27, 2013 | ||
| Vacant | February 27, 2013 | August 29, 2014 | ||
| Shirley Ann Jackson Jami Miscik | August 29, 2014 | January 20, 2017 | ||
| Steve Feinberg | May 12, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump | |
| Sandy Winnefeld | May 4, 2022 | present | Joe Biden |
These are chairs of the Advisory Board's committee of Intelligence Oversight Board
| Officeholder | Term start | Term end | President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Murphy | March 11, 1976 | May 5, 1977 | Gerald Ford | |
| Jimmy Carter | ||||
| Thomas Farmer | May 5, 1977 | October 20, 1981 | ||
| Ronald Reagan | ||||
| Glenn Campbell | October 20, 1981 | February 26, 1990 | ||
| George H. W. Bush | ||||
| Jim Thompson | February 26, 1990 | January 20, 1993 | ||
| William Crowe | January 20, 1993 | May 26, 1994 | Bill Clinton | |
| Anthony Harrington | May 26, 1994 | February 8, 2000 | ||
| Warren Rudman | February 8, 2000 | October 5, 2001 | ||
| George W. Bush | ||||
| Brent Scowcroft | October 5, 2001 | February 25, 2005 | ||
| Jim Langdon | February 25, 2005 | December 20, 2005 | ||
| Steve Friedman | December 20, 2005 | October 28, 2009 | ||
| Barack Obama | ||||
| Chuck Hagel | October 28, 2009 | February 27, 2013 | ||
| Dan Meltzer | February 27, 2013 | May 24, 2015 | ||
| Neal Wolin | May 24, 2015 | January 20, 2017 | ||
| Steve Feinberg[35] | August 16, 2018 | January 20, 2021 | Donald Trump |
1981–1983
1976–1977 (IOB)
1990–1999 (IOB)
2015–present
1969–1970; 1976–1977
1982–1985
1999–2003
1976–1977
1993–2001
1985–1987; 1988–1990
1959–1961; 1961–1977; 1981–1990
2001–2009
1984–1985
1996–1998
1981–1982
2009–2013 (IOB)
1981–1982
2006–2010
1956
2002–2005
1956–1957
1999–2001
1988–1990
1981–1990 (IOB)
2009–2013
1993–2001 (IOB)
1976–1977
1973–1976 (IOB, 1976–1977); Vice Chair, 1981–1990
1961–1963
1970–1971; 1972–1975; 1976–1977; 1981–1983
1956–1961
2014–present
2005–2010
2010–present (IOB, 2010–2015)
1957–1961
2014–2015
2001–2005
1990–1993
2005–2010
1956–1961; 1961–1964
2014–present
1993–2001
1993–2000
2005–2009
2005–2009
2005–2009
1956–1959
2006–2009
2014–present
1973–1977; 1981–1990
1999–2005; 2009–2010
1973–1977
2014–present (IOB)
1977–1981 (IOB)
1961–1977
1982–1985
1995–1997
2005–2013
1993–2000 (IOB); Vice Chair, 1997–2000
2001–2004 (IOB, 2003–2004); 2009–2013
1993–2001
1956–1958
2001–2009
1990–1993
Vice Chair, 1990–1991
1981–1982
2014–present (IOB)
2001–2010 (IOB, 2003–2009)
1990–1993 (IOB, not PIAB)
2009–2013
2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)
1956
1958–1960
1985–1990
1984–1990
2009–2013
1961–1977
2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)
1961–1969
1991–1993 (IOB; not PIAB)
1976–1977
2001–2002
1969–1972
1956–1961
1973–1977; 1981–1987
1988–1989
2009–2013 (IOB)
1988–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)
2010–2015 (IOB)
1982–1988 (IOB; not PIAB)
2009–2015 (IOB)
1981–1985
2013–2014
2005–2010
1969–1972
1961–1973; 1976–1977 (IOB)
2014–present
1981–1985
1961–1972
2001–2010
1981–1985
1990–1993
1993–1996 (IOB)
1993–2001
2005–2009
1969–1974
1981–1985
1982–1985
Vice Chair, 1993–1994; Vice Chair, 1995–1998
1956–1961
1983–1985
1985–1990
1981–1985
1977–1981 (IOB)
1974–1976
1995–2001
1965–1969
1981–1985
1985–1990
1992–2000
1981–1982 (IOB; not PIAB)
2015–present
2001–2005
2011–present (IOB)
1961; 1965–1968
1971–1977
1987–1990
2008–2009
1981–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)
1988–1990
1981–1985
2011–2013
1983–1988
1976–1977; 1981–1985
1985–1990
2001–2005
1985–1990
2014–present (IOB)
2001–2003; 2011–2013
1996–2000