Phoradendron leucarpum explained

Phoradendron leucarpum is a species of mistletoe in the Viscaceae family which is native to the United States and Mexico. Its common names include American mistletoe, eastern mistletoe, hairy mistletoe and oak mistletoe. It is native to Mexico and the continental United States. It is hemiparasitic, living in the branches of trees. The berries are white and NaNmm.[1] [2] It has opposite leaves that are leathery and thick.[3] Ingesting the berries can cause "stomach and intestinal irritation with diarrhea, lowered blood pressure, and slow pulse".[4] This shrub can grow to 1m (03feet) by 1m (03feet).

Culture and tradition

Phoradendron leucarpum is used in North America as a surrogate for the similar European mistletoe Viscum album, in Christmas decoration and associated traditions (such as "kissing under the mistletoe"), as well as in rituals by modern druids. It is commercially harvested and sold for those purposes.[5]

Phoradendron leucarpum is the state floral emblem for the state of Oklahoma. The state did not have an official flower, leaving mistletoe as the assumed state flower until the Oklahoma Rose was designated as such in 2004.[6]

Ecology

Over 60 species of trees are hosts to P. leucarpum, especially trees in the genera of Acer (maple), Fraxinus (ash), Juglans (walnuts), Nyssa, Platanus (plane trees), Populus (poplars), Quercus (oaks), Salix (willows), and Ulmus (elms).

Wildlife

While the sticky substance covering the fruits is toxic to humans, it is a favorite of some birds.[7]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Phoradendron leucarpum (P. serotinum). North Carolina State University. November 30, 2014.
  2. Web site: Phoradendron Mistletoe. Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. November 30, 2014.
  3. Web site: Oak Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum)). Carolina Nature. November 30, 2014.
  4. Web site: Phoradendron leucarpum - (Raf.)Reveal.&M.C.Johnst.. Plants For A Future. November 30, 2014.
  5. Web site: Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum). Purdue University. November 30, 2014.
  6. Web site: Oklahoma Symbols . Oklahoma Historical Society . Oklahoma Historical Society . 15 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130191203/https://www.okhistory.org/learn/symbols . 30 January 2023 . English . live.
  7. Book: Niering . William A. . William Niering. Olmstead . Nancy C. . The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region . 1985 . 1979. Knopf . 0-394-50432-1 . 622.