Phoenix club (sports) explained

The term phoenix club is used in professional team sports to refer to a new entity that is set up to replace that of a club that has failed in business terms but not in sporting terms, and generally involves the continuation of the sporting activity.^{[1] [2]} In some cases, the phoenix club is created by the supporters of the club which has ended, or seems to be on the point of ending. A phoenix club will often have a very similar (although, for legal reasons, not identical) name and logo to the original club, and will also use a similar playing kit. The term is particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom and Italy in relation to association football, although it is also used in other countries.

The term has also been used to refer to a club formed by supporters of a major team when a change of ownership or policy causes them to lose faith in the management of their favoured side. This happened in 2005, when F.C. United of Manchester was formed by some fans of Manchester United, specifically as a protest at the sale of the latter to Malcolm Glazer, and at what they saw as the excessive and unacceptable commercialisation of the club,^[3] although the new club's status as a phoenix is open to dispute on the basis that the original club still exists.

The term is derived from the mythical phoenix, a bird which was said to resurrect itself from its own ashes. In at least one case, the name of a phoenix club has played on the term itself: in the Australia-New Zealand A-League, now known as A-League Men, the defunct New Zealand Knights were replaced by new club Wellington Phoenix FC.

In some cases, phoenix clubs retain the name of the club which they replaced, implying a continuation from the former team. In other cases, name changes occur, perhaps due to proprietorial ownership of the old club's name.

An essential element of a phoenix club is that it is a legally separate entity from the original. A counter example is the American football Cleveland Browns, the football organization of which moved to Baltimore in 1995 to become the Baltimore Ravens. The NFL stipulated that, as a condition of allowing the move, the Ravens would have to relinquish any claim to the history and records of the Browns, one of the twelve "old guard" NFL franchises. As such, the Ravens technically entered the NFL as an expansion franchise. While the Browns franchise was deemed to have "suspended operations" for three years, in 1999 it was sold to new ownership and was recognized by the league to own all of the pre-1996 Browns' history, even though the extant Ravens had acquired the contracts of that team's players and personnel. The league and club thus recognize the Browns as one single team, albeit with a sporting hiatus, making the Browns not a phoenix club.^[4]

Because there is no single, universally-accepted definition, ascribing the term phoenix club can be disputed depending on the criteria used. Furthermore, there may be changes in what each country's football governing body and legal system defines as a phoenix club rather than resurrected club.

Association football

Austria

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established
1. FC Vöcklabruck	Vöcklabrucker SC^[5]	2009
SV Austria Salzburg	SV Austria Salzburg^[6]	2005
Hakoah Vienna	SC Maccabi Wien^[7]	2010
FC Wacker Innsbruck	FC Wacker Innsbruck (2002)	2002

Belgium

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established
K.S.K. Beveren	K.S.K. Beveren^[8]	2010
Beerschot AC	FCO Beerschot Wilrijk^[9] ^[10]	2013
R.E. Mouscron	Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz^[11]	2010
K.R.C. Harelbeke	K.R.C. Harelbeke	2016
R.W.D. Molenbeek	R.W.D. Molenbeek	2015

Brazil

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established
AA Cabofriense^a	AD Cabofriense^[12]	1997
Colorado and Pinheiros	Paraná Clube^[13]	1989
Grêmio Novorizontino (1973)	Grêmio Novorizontino (2010)^[14]	2010
Icasa E.C.	A.D.R.C. Icasa^[15] ^[16]	2002
EC Lemense	CA Lemense	2005	Lemense FC^d	2022
Linhares EC	Linhares FC^[17]	2001
Operário Várzea-Grandense^b	EC Operário	1996	Operário Ltda.	2003
Taguatinga EC (1964)^c	Taguatinga EC (2018)^[18]	2018

• ^a AA Cabofriense was refounded as AD Cabofriense in 1997 by the same directors with the aim of separating football from the social club activities.
• ^b Due to financial problems, Operário Várzea-Grandense (also known as CEOV) withdrew from professional football in 1996. As it is one of the clubs with the most fans in the state, EC Operário was created with the same colors (red and green) as the traditional CEOV. Despite being state champion twice (1997 and 2002), the club did not receive the expected support and closed its activities in 2002. Another club with a similar name was created (Operário Futebol Ltda.), this time with red and black colors in honor of CR Flamengo, and has won the 2006 tournament. Operário Ltda. currently competes in the second division and the original CEOV returned to professional football in 2013.^[19]
• ^c The original Taguatinga EC and CA Taguatinga (former CA Bandeirante) merged in 2018.^[20]
• ^d Former SC Atibaia.^[21]

Bulgaria

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora	Olimpic-Beroe^[22]	1999	PFC Beroe Stara Zagora AD^[23]	2008
F.C. Etar	FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo^[24]	2003	OFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo^[25]	2013
Botev Plovdiv	Botev 1912	2010
Levski-Spartak	Levski Sofia^[26]	1990
FC Chernomorets Burgas	PSFC Chernomorets Burgas	2005	FC Chernomorets 1919 Burgas	2015
PFC CSKA Sofia	FC CSKA 1948 Sofia	2016

Canada

Original club	Year established	Phoenix Club	Year established	2nd Phoenix Club	Year established
Hamilton Steelers (1958–1967)	1958	Hamilton Steelers (1981–1992)	1981
Montreal Impact (1992–2011)	1992	CF Montréal	2010
North York Rockets	1987	Toronto Rockets	1993
Ottawa Fury (2005–2013)	2005	Ottawa Fury FC	2014
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984)	1971	Toronto Blizzard (1986–1993)	1986
Vancouver Whitecaps (1974–84)	1974	Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010)	1986	Vancouver Whitecaps FC^[27]	2009

China

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Wuhan Optics Valley F.C.	Wuhan Yangtze River F.C.	2009
Hebei Zhuoao F.C.	Shijiazhuang Gongfu F.C.	2020
Hebei F.C.	Langfang Glory City F.C.	2022
Shaanxi Chang'an Athletic F.C.	Shaanxi Union F.C.	2023

Costa Rica

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Asociación Deportiva Limonense	Limón F.C.^[28]	2009
A.D. Generaleña^a	AS Puma Generaleña^[29]	2010

^a A.D. Generaleña merged with A.D. Pérez Zeledón to become Municipal Pérez Zeledón, de facto only continuing the Pérez Zeledón heritage.

Croatia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established
NK Varaždin (1931–2015)^a	NK Varteks^[30]	2011	NK Varaždin (2012)	2012
NK Orijent (1919-2014)	HNK Orijent 1919	2015
NK Zadar	HNK Zadar	2020
NK Inter Zaprešić	NK Inker Zaprešić	2022		2022

^a The finances of the original NK Varaždin (called NK Varteks from 1958 to 2010) stumbled repeatedly for five years. When this led to their suspension in 2011, an unassociated NK Varteks was created. When they were suspended again in 2012, a new unassociated Varaždin emerged. The original club, including its records and history, folded in 2015.

England / Wales

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Merthyr Town F.C.	Merthyr Tydfil F.C.^[31]	1945
Willand Wanderers F.C.	Willand Rovers F.C.^[32]	1946
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891)	Accrington Stanley F.C.^[33]	1968
Gateshead A.F.C.	Gateshead F.C.^[34]	1977
Newport County	Newport County A.F.C.^[35]	1989
Aldershot F.C.	Aldershot Town F.C.^[36]	1992
Wimbledon F.C.^a	AFC Wimbledon^[37] ^[38] ^[39]	2002
Emley	Emley A.F.C.^[40]	2005
Hornchurch F.C.	A.F.C. Hornchurch^[41]	2005
Scarborough F.C.	Scarborough Athletic F.C.^[42]	2007
Farnborough Town F.C.	Farnborough F.C.^[43]	2007
Halifax Town A.F.C.^[44]	F.C. Halifax Town^[45]	2008
Fisher Athletic F.C.	Fisher F.C.^[46]	2009
Chester City F.C.	Chester F.C.^[47]	2010
Ilkeston Town	Ilkeston F.C.	2010
Merthyr Tydfil F.C.	Merthyr Town F.C.	2010
King's Lynn Town F.C.	King's Lynn F.C.	2010
Rushden & Diamonds F.C.	AFC Rushden & Diamonds^[48]	2011
Windsor & Eton F.C.	Windsor F.C.^[49]	2011
Croydon Athletic F.C.	AFC Croydon Athletic^[50]	2012
Llanelli Town F.C.	Llanelli Town A.F.C.	2013
Hereford United F.C.	Hereford F.C.^[51]	2015
Salisbury City F.C.	Salisbury F.C.	2015
Ilkeston F.C.	Ilkeston Town F.C.	2017
North Ferriby United A.F.C.^[52]	North Ferriby F.C.^[53]	2019
Bury F.C.	Bury A.F.C.^b	2021
Rhyl F.C.	C.P.D. Y Rhyl 1879	2020
Macclesfield Town F.C.	Macclesfield F.C.	2020
Whyteleafe F.C.	AFC Whyteleafe^[54]	2021

^a Wimbledon F.C. relocated to Milton Keynes in 2004 and was renamed Milton Keynes Dons F.C., two years after the Football Association's binding decision to permit the move, and two years after the foundation of AFC Wimbledon; see Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes.

^b In February 2022, Bury fans' group Est.1885 acquired the trading name, history and memorabilia of Bury F.C.. In May 2023, the Bury Football Club Supporters' Society (who owned Gigg Lane and the "Bury FC" trading name) and the Shakers Community Society (who owned phoenix club Bury AFC) merged.^[55] Bury AFC adopted the Bury FC playing name and returned to Gigg Lane, following FA approval in June 2023. The two team's histories were combined — retroactively counting Bury AFC's seasons as seasons for Bury FC.

France

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
FC Nancy	AS Nancy Lorraine	1967
Gap FC	Gap Foot 05^[57]	2012
Toulouse FC	Toulouse FC	1970

Germany

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established
SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin	SV Tasmania Berlin	1973
BSG Chemie Leipzig (1950)	FC Sachsen Leipzig	1990	BSG Chemie Leipzig (1997)^[58]	1997
SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin	SV Blau Weiss Berlin^[59] ^[60]	1992
1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig (1966)	1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig (2003)	2003
SG Dynamo Schwerin	SG Dynamo Schwerin	2003
1. FC Kattowitz	1. FC Katowice	2007
DVV Coburg	FC Coburg^[61]	2011
FC Sachsen Leipzig	SG Sachsen Leipzig	2011	LVF Sachsen Leipzig	2014
Kultur Sport Verein Hessen Kassel	FC Hessen Kassel	1993	KSV Hessen Kassel	1998

Indonesia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Perseba Super Bangkalan	Perseba Bangkalan^[62]	2012
Persisam Putra Samarinda	Borneo FC^[63]	2014
Persekaba Badung	Persekaba Bali^[64]	2017
Persikad Depok	Persikad 1999^[65]	2018
Persikubar West Kutai	Persikubar Putra	2021
Persisam Samarinda	Persisam United	2021
Persika Karawang	Persika 1951^[66]	2022
Persebo Bondowoso	Persebo 1964	2023

Italy

See main article: Article 52 of N.O.I.F.. In the early 21st century, numerous Italian clubs endured very severe economic problems, including some famous and historically successful teams. Some, most notably Fiorentina,^{[67] [68]} Napoli,^{[69] [70]} Parma^{[71] [72]} and Torino^[73] were each declared formally bankrupt and thus had to reapply to the Italian football authorities to play at a lower level, with new owners and as new corporate entities. However, all are considered to be the same clubs before and after the bankruptcy rather than separate phoenix entities: they obtained the "sports title" to remain in the Italy football pyramid using clauses in the Article 52 of N.O.I.F.^{[74] [73]}

Latvia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
FK Liepājas Metalurgs	FK Liepāja^[78]	2014
FK Ventspils	JFK Ventspils

Lithuania

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
FK Žalgiris	VMFD Žalgiris^a^[79]	2009
FBK Kaunas	F.B.K. Kaunas^[80]	2012
	FK Atmosfera (2012)^[81]	2012
FK Vėtra	FK Vėtra Rūdiškės^[82]	2014
FK Dainava Alytus	DFK Dainava^[83]	2016
FK Minija Kretinga	FK Minija (2017)^[84]	2017
FK Ekranas^b^[85]		2020

^aFollowing a court settlement in 2014, club acquired rights to the history, titles, name and other assets of the original club.^[86]
bIn 2020, FK Aukštaitija acquired the name and history of the club disestablished in 2015 from the bankruptcy administrator. The local authorities confirmed the continuity of the club that June.^{[87] [88]}

North Macedonia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
FK Sloga Jugomagnat	FK Shkupi^[89]	2012
FK Bashkimi (1947–2008)	FK Bashkimi (2011)^[90]	2011
FK Pobeda	FK Pobeda (2010)^[91]	2010

Northern Ireland

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Ballymena F.C.	Ballymena United F.C.^[92]	1934
Newry City F.C.	Newry City AFC^[93]	2013

Poland

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
1. FC Kattowitz	1. FC Katowice	2007
Amica Wronki	Błękitni Wronki	2007
Pogoń Lwów	Pogoń Lwów (2009)	2009
Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski	Nasza Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski	2017
Ogniwo Sopot	PDP Ogniwo Sopot	2018

Portugal

!Original club!1st Phoenix club!Year established!2nd Phoenix club!Year established

Clube de Futebol Estrela da Amadora^[95]

C.D. Estrela^[96]

2011

Club Football Estrela da Amadora^[97]

2020

Russia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Alania Vladikavkaz	FC Alania Vladikavkaz (2019)	2019
FC Spartak Ryazan	FC Ryazan^[100]	1995
Uralan Elista	FC Elista	2005

Scotland

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Clydebank^b	Clydebank F.C.	2003
Gretna F.C.	Gretna F.C. 2008^[101]	2008

^b Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) were liquidated in 2002^[102] but their owners bought Clydebank^[103] and rebranded it as Airdrie United (now known as Airdrieonians F.C. (2002)); therefore that club is not a phoenix as it took the place of an existing entity. However the current incarnation of Clydebank is a phoenix, as it was founded by supporters to replace the entity which had moved to Airdrie^[104] and had to restart at the bottom of the (Junior) league pyramid.

During the liquidation of The Rangers Football Club plc in 2012,^[105] a new company, set up for the purpose,^[106] bought the assets of the business and secured the transfer of its SFA membership, which allowed Rangers F.C. to continue playing, albeit having to start again in the lowest national division of the Scottish football league system.^[107] As such, the club survived and would go on to win its 55th league title in 2021.

Serbia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
FK Hajduk Kula	OFK Hajduk^[108] ^[109] ^[110]	2013^[111]
FK Mladost Apatin	OFK Mladost APA	2011
FK Radnički Bajmok	FK Radnički 1905	2013
FK Sloga Petrovac na Mlavi	FK Sloga 33	2016
FK Vrbas	OFK Vrbas	2007

Slovenia

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established
I. SSK Maribor	NK Branik Maribor^[112]	1949
NK Izola	MNK Izola^[113]	1996
NK Ljubljana	FC Ljubljana^[114]	2005
NK Mura	ND Mura 05	2005	NŠ Mura	2012
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (defunct)	NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005)^[115] ^[116]	2005
NK Primorje	DNŠ Ajdovščina^[117]	2011

Spain

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established	3rd Phoenix club	Year established
CD Málaga	Málaga CF	1948
Burgos CF	Real Burgos CF	1983	Burgos CF	1994
CP Mérida	Mérida UD^[118]	2000	Mérida AD^[119]	2013
SD Compostela	SD Compostela	2004
CF Extremadura	Extremadura UD^[120]	2007	CD Extremadura 1924	2022
CD Logroñés	SD Logroñés	2009
CF Ciudad de Murcia	CAP Ciudad de Murcia^[121]	2010
UE Lleida	Lleida Esportiu	2011
CD Badajoz	CD Badajoz	2012
CD San Martín	EI San Martín^[122]	2012
UD Salamanca	Unionistas de Salamanca CF^[123]	2013
UD Salamanca	Salamanca CF UDS^[124]	2013
CD Ourense	UD Ourense^[125]	2014

Turkey

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Akçaabat Sebatspor		2018
Bucaspor	Bucaspor 1928	2011
Çorumspor	Çorum F.K.	2018
Diyarbakırspor	Diyarbekirspor	1977
Erzincanspor	24 Erzincanspor	1984
Erzurumspor	Erzurumspor F.K.	2005
Gaziantepspor	Gaziantep F.K.	1988
Kardemir Karabükspor	Karabük İdman Yurdu	2023
Malatyaspor	Yeni Malatyaspor	1986
Mersin İdman Yurdu	Yeni Mersin İdmanyurdu	1964
Vanspor	Vanspor FK	1982
Yozgatspor		1984
	Zonguldak Kömürspor	1986

Ukraine

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established	3rd Phoenix club	Year established	4th Phoenix club	Year established
Hranyt Cherkasy	FC Cherkasy	1975	FC Dnipro Cherkasy	2003	FC Dnipro Cherkasy	2018	–	–
Torpedo Lutsk	FC Volyn Lutsk	1977	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Desna Chernihiv	FC Desna Chernihiv	1977	–	–	–	–	–	–
Kolos Poltava	FC Vorskla Poltava	1984	–	–	–	–	–	–
Dnipro Kremenchuk	FC Kremin Kremenchuk	1988	MFC Kremin Kremenchuk	2003	–	–	–	–
FC Karpaty Lviv	FC Karpaty Lviv	1989	FC Karpaty Lviv	2020	–	–	–	–
USC Skala Stryi	FC Skala Stryi	1992	FC Hazovyk-Skala Stryi	2001	FC Skala Stryi	2011	Skala 1911 Stryi	2022
Polihraftekhnika Oleksandriya	FC Oleksandriya	2004	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Nyva Vinnytsia	PFC Nyva Vinnytsia	2006	FC Nyva Vinnytsia	2016	–	–	–	–
FC Zirka Kirovohrad	FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi	2007	–	–	–	–	–	–
Pogoń Lwów	Pogoń Lwów (2009)	2009	–	–	–	–	–	–
Khodak Cherkasy	FC Cherkaskyi Dnipro	2010	FC Cherkashchyna	2018	–	–	–	–
Arsenal Kyiv	FC Arsenal-Kyiv	2014	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Veres Rivne	NK Veres Rivne	2015	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Lviv	FC Lviv	2016	–	–	–	–	–	–
SC Tavriya Simferopol	SC Tavriya Simferopol	2016	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Polissya Zhytomyr	FC Polissya Zhytomyr	2016	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Metalist Kharkiv	FC Metalist Kharkiv	2020	–	–	–	–	–	–
Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih	FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih	2020	–	–	–	–	–	–
FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka	FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka	2020	–	–	–	–	–	–
USC Dovbush Chernivtsi	USC Dovbush Chernivtsi	2020	–	–	–	–	–	–

• Notes:
  • Due to World War I and World War II, technically all of the clubs that competed before those wars were recreated from scratched in order to continue yet for many clubs of the Soviet part of Ukraine immediate their revival upon hostilities conditionally is considered as continuation of business. Due to recent renewed hostilities by the Russian Federation, many clubs were forced to suspend their business operations indefinitely.
  • While perceived as phoenix club of FC Dnipro, officially SC Dnipro-1 is considered to be a totally new club according to the FIFA rulings as the club did not clear its debts and refused to acknowledge them.
  • Polish club of Pogon Lwow was reestablished in Ukraine by local Polish diaspora based on Pogon Lwow of the interbellum Poland. The club competes at regional level.
  • Technically split between Metal Kharkiv and Metalist 1925 Kharkiv, in 2020 the Ukrainian Association of Football officially acknowledge heritage of the original club after Metal Kharkiv.

United States

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established	3rd Phoenix club	Year established
Portland Timbers (1975–1982)	Portland Timbers (1985–1990)	1985	Portland Timbers (2001–2010)	2001	Portland Timbers	2009
New York Giants	New York Giants	1923	New York Giants	1927
New York Hakoah	New York Hakoah	1956	New York Hakoah	2009
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1977–83)	Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1988–94)	1988^[126]	Fort Lauderdale Strikers (2006–2016)	2006
San Jose Earthquakes (1974–88)^[127]	San Jose Clash/Earthquakes	1994	San Jose Earthquakes	2008^[128]
Seattle Sounders (1974–83)^[129]		1994	Seattle Sounders FC	2007
New York Cosmos (1970–85)	New York Cosmos (2010)	2010^[130]
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–93)	Tampa Bay Rowdies	2010^[131]
Austin Aztex FC	Austin Aztex	2011^[132]
Philadelphia Fury (1978–1980)	Philadelphia Fury (2011–2019)	2011^[133]
Los Angeles Wolves	L.A. Wolves FC	2014^[134]
Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–30)	Bethlehem Steel FC	2015^[135]
Rochester Lancers (1967–1980)	Rochester Lancers (2015)	2015^[136]
Philadelphia Atoms	Philadelphia Atoms SC	2017^[137]

Baseball

United States

Original club	1st Phoenix club	Year established	2nd Phoenix club	Year established	3rd Phoenix club	Year established	4th Phoenix club	Year established
Baltimore Orioles (1882–1899)	Baltimore Orioles (1901-1902)	1901	Baltimore Orioles (1903–1914, 1916–1953)	1903	Baltimore Orioles	1954
Los Angeles Angels (PCL)	Los Angeles Angels	1961^[138]
Miami Marlins (IL)	Miami Marlins (1962–70, 1982–88)	1962	Florida/Miami Marlins	1993
Milwaukee Brewers (1884–1885)	Milwaukee Brewers (1886–92)	1886	Milwaukee Brewers (1894-1901)	1894	Milwaukee Brewers (1902–52)	1902	Milwaukee Brewers	1970
New York Metropolitans	New York Mets	1961^[139]
Washington Senators (1891–99)	Washington Senators/Nationals (1901–60)	1901	Washington Senators (1961–71)	1961	Washington Nationals	2005

Basketball

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
SKK Borac Banja Luka	OKK Borac Banja Luka	2011
Sloboda Tuzla	OKK Sloboda Tuzla

Croatia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Cedevita Zagreb	Cedevita Junior
Kvarner	Kvarner 2010	2010
Šibenka	GKK Šibenka
Zagreb	KK Zagreb

Germany

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
SG Braunschweig	Basketball Löwen Braunschweig	2000
DJK Würzburg	Würzburg Baskets

Italy

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Benetton Treviso	Universo Treviso	2012
S.S. Basket Napoli	Napoli Basket	2016
Auxilium Pallacanestro Torino	Basket Torino

Russia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
CSK VVS-Samara	Krasnye Krylia	2009
Ural Great Perm	Parma Perm

Serbia

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
FMP Železnik	KK FMP	2011
KK Radnički Kragujevac	SPD Radnički Kragujevac

United Kingdom

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Thames Valley Tigers	Guildford Heat^[141]	2005
Manchester Giants (1975–2001)	Manchester Giants^[142]	2011

Ukraine

Ice hockey

Canada

Original club	Phoenix club	Year established
Calgary Wranglers (WHL)	Calgary Wranglers	2022
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)	Hamilton Bulldogs	2015
Ottawa Senators (original)	Ottawa Senators	1992
Vancouver Canucks (WHL)	Vancouver Canucks	1970
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96)	Winnipeg Jets	2011

United States

Original club	Phoenix club	2nd phoenix club	3rd phoenix club	In operation
Bakersfield Condors	Bakersfield Condors	1998–2015; 2015–
Manchester Monarchs (AHL)	Manchester Monarchs (ECHL)	2001–2015; 2015–2019
Peoria Rivermen (IHL)	Peoria Rivermen (ECHL)	Peoria Rivermen (AHL)	Peoria Rivermen (SPHL)	1984–1996; 1996–2005; 2005–2013; 2013–
	Pittsburgh Hornets	1936–1956; 1961–1967

Notes and References

1. News: Phoenix from the flames: How do you resurrect a football club?. BBC Sport. 10 July 2015. 2 March 2017. 25 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161225081717/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33470801. live.
2. Web site: Administration: How a 'phoenix' club can play in Scottish football . Stv.tv . 1 November 2011 . 8 September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081734/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/rangers/277115-what-happens-when-a-club-in-administration-sets-up-a-phoenix-company/ . 4 March 2016 . dead .
3. Web site: Phoenix football – the clubs that would not die . Supportersnotcustomers.com . 25 November 2012 . 13 August 2014 . 13 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140813144934/http://supportersnotcustomers.com/2012/11/25/phoenix-football/ . live .
4. Web site: Cleveland Browns History . clevelandbrowns.com . National Football League . March 18, 2020 . October 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201028173748/https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/history/ . live .
5. Web site: Vöcklabruck: Anpfiff für neuen Fußball-Club. im-salzkammergut.at. 14 April 2018.
6. Web site: FEATURE – Austria hope to make purple reign in Salzburg. 26 May 2011. March 10, 2020. In.reuters.com. 23 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213139/https://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-57287120110526. dead.
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