Philippines at the Big Four beauty pageants explained

This is a list of the Philippines' representatives and their placements at the Big Four beauty pageants.[1] The Philippines, widely considered a beauty pageant powerhouse,[2] [3] [4] [5] has won in all four pageants, with a total of 103 placements and 15 victories:

Hundreds of beauty pageant competitions are held yearly, but the Big Four are considered the most prestigious, widely covered and broadcast by media. Various news agencies collectively refer to the four major pageants as "Big Four", namely—Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International and Miss Earth.[6] [7] [8]

National organizations and franchises

The Philippine franchise holders of the four major beauty pageants are:

History

Precolonial and indigenous Philippines already had established, well-defined ideals and standards of beauty. Most of the precolonial and native languages of the Philippines saw and described beauty as natural—meaning, what is pleasing to the eyes and to the other senses, in nature, is considered beautiful. Precolonial Filipinos were recorded to describe what was the ideally beautiful person. For both men and women, precolonial Filipinos defined beauty with long, healthy, shiny black hair that was well-tended to and well-combed. Healthy skin, of good sunkissed complexion, was also a determinant of beauty. Excellent personal hygiene and observance of community sanitation, including bathing in the morning, before the day's activities, and bathing again in the evening, before retiring for sleep, was seen as a precursor to health and beauty. Bathing, too, was a necessity before and after sexual intercourse, and was heavily imposed socioculturally. Tattoos, especially in the Visayas, were also believed to elevate and accentuate one's beauty. A person's beauty, too, was not only limited to their physical appearance, but was also defined by their character, intellect, sense of community, altruism, and other values—which were greatly emphasized and required by indigenous Filipinos for one to be "truly beautiful". A darker sunkissed skin complexion than women's were seen on men as determinant of beauty. A harmonious and proportional distribution of well-developed muscles on the body, from working in the fields, hunting, or building, was also another determinant of beauty for precolonial Filipino men. For precolonial Filipino women, beauty of physique was determined by the overall harmony and symmetry of the body, healthy, sunkissed skin, long black hair, and how subdued they carried themselves. Elegance was seen as a paramount valuable trait, and was one of the precolonial Filipino woman's determinants of beauty beyond the physical. Men and women alike, in indigenous Philippines, adorned themselves with gold, jade, diamonds, rubies, and other precious stones believed to accentuate, emphasize, and elevate one's beauty.[15] [16] [17] [18] [19]

The Philippines then inherited the practice and promotion of beauty pageants from the Kingdom of Spain and United States during its colonial history, and reflected their keen interest in pageantry through the Santero culture.[20]

The first officially recorded beauty pageant competition in the Philippines was held in 1908 during the Manila Carnival,[21] [22] which organized both American and Philippine diplomatic relations,[21] with the aim to exhibit achievements in commerce and agriculture.[22] The winner of the competition was crowned, and came to be known, as the “Carnival Queen.”[23] The competitions were held annually from 1908 to 1938.[22]

In 1926, the Manila Carnival conceptualized and held the first national beauty pageant using the title Miss Philippines to represent the Philippine islands; contestants came from all over the country with the following regional titles: Miss Luzon, Miss Visayas, and Miss Mindanao. This new competition gained greater popularity, resulting in the phasing out of the “Carnival Queen” title in 1938.[24]

National pageants

The following are national pageants which serve as qualifiers for the Big Four pageants.

Miss Universe Philippines

See main article: Miss Universe Philippines. The Philippine representatives to the Miss Universe pageant from 1964 to 2019 were chosen by Binibining Pilipinas. Starting 2020, a separate organization has been choosing the Philippine representatives to the Miss Universe competition: the new Miss Universe Philippines Organization, with Shamcey Supsup as national director.[25]

Binibining Pilipinas

See main article: Binibining Pilipinas. In 1964, Binibining Pilipinas Charities Incorporated, (BPCI) headed by Stella Araneta became the official national franchise holder of the Miss Universe Organization in the Philippines, and had sent representatives to the Miss Universe pageant from 1964 to 2019. Its predecessor, the “Miss Philippines”, had been the official franchise holder from 1952 to 1963.[26] [27] [28]

In 1968, the same organization acquired the Philippine franchise of Miss International, and conducted a separate pageant called "Miss Philippines" to select a representative for the Miss International competition. In 1969, BPCI started to combine the Binibining Pilipinas and Miss Philippines competitions and awarded the title "Binibining Pilipinas" to the country's representative to the Miss Universe competition, while granting the "Miss Philippines" title to the representative for the Miss International competition. For the first time in 1972, both titles "Binibining Pilipinas Universe" and "Binibining Pilipinas International" were awarded to the winners in a single competition.

Miss World Philippines

See main article: Miss World Philippines. The Philippine representatives to the Miss World pageant from 1966 to 1968 were chosen by various pageant organizers.[29] From 1969 to 1976, the title was awarded through the Miss Republic of the Philippines, then by Mutya ng Pilipinas, Inc. through Mutya ng Pilipinas pageant from 1977 to 1991, and Binibining Pilipinas Charities, Inc., through the Binibining Pilipinas pageant from 1992 to 2010.[30] In 2011, the Miss World Philippines organization was held by Cory Quirino's CQ Global Quest until 2016.[31] [32] [33] From 2017 onwards, the Miss World Philippines has been under the management of Arnold Vegafria's ALV Talent Circuit.[34] [35]

Miss Philippines Earth

See main article: Miss Philippines Earth. The Miss Philippines Earth was founded in 2001 by Carousel Productions headed by its President Ramon Monzon,[36] who is also the president, CEO, and director of the Philippine Stock Exchange and chairman of the PSE Foundation, Inc.[37] [38] It is spearheaded by Ramon's wife Lorraine Schuck as executive vice president, with Peachy Veneracion as the vice president and project director.[39] [40] [41]

Carousel Productions established Miss Philippines Earth as a beauty pageant competition with the aim of actively promoting the protection and preservation of the environment. Consequently, Miss Philippines (currently called Miss Philippines Earth; not related to the defunct “Miss Philippines” of 1926) was created.[42] [43] [44]

Participation in international pageant competitions

From Venus Raj's participation at Miss Universe 2010 (marking the Philippines' first semifinal placement at the pageant in the 21st century and since Miriam Quiambao placed second to Botswana at Miss Universe 1999) to Beatrice Gomez's stint at Miss Universe 2021, the country placed in the Miss Universe semifinals each year, scoring 2 Top 10 placements in 2014 and 2017, 2 Top 5/6 placements in 2016 and 2021, 4 consecutive runner-up finishes in the Top 5 from 2010 to 2013, and 2 crowns in 2015 and 2018. As a result, the Philippines is the country from the Eastern Hemisphere with the longest overall streak of Miss Universe semifinal appearances (and third overall by any country in the world), totaling 12 consecutive years. It is also the first country in the world to place non-stop at Miss Universe semifinals for at least a full decade beginning any year of the 21st century.

The Philippines won multiple Big Four pageant crowns in the same year twice – in 2013 with Bea Santiago (Miss International) and Megan Young (Miss World), and in 2015 with Angelia Ong (Miss Earth) and Pia Wurtzbach (Miss Universe), making it the most recent country as of to win multiple Big Four pageant crowns in the same year.

From 2010 to 2019, the Philippines has only unplaced twice in each of the Miss World, Miss International and Miss Earth competitions, and has won an additional 6 crowns from these pageants alone, making it the country with the single most successful decade in terms of Big Four beauty pageant results in the world. Since 2010, the Philippines has been gaining worldwide attention for its pageant training mechanisms.[45]

World's longest winning streak—2013 to 2018

The Philippines currently holds the world's longest winning streak in the Big Four pageants by any country in history, from 2013 to 2018. The country's winning streak started in 2013 with Megan Young as the country's first ever, and currently only, Miss World titleholder, and also with Bea Santiago winning the Miss International crown. Jamie Herrell then won the Miss Earth 2014 crown. Angelia Ong garnered for the Philippines the first, and so far only, back-to-back victory in Miss Earth history by clinching the 2015 crown. In the same year, Pia Wurtzbach won the Miss Universe 2015 crown for the Philippines.

The streak continued in 2016 when Kylie Verzosa clinched the Philippines its sixth, and most recent, Miss International crown. The following year in 2017, Karen Ibasco won for the country its fourth, and most recent, Miss Earth crown – the most by any country in the pageant's history. Culminating this six-year winning streak is Catriona Gray's victory at Miss Universe 2018, claiming the Philippines' fourth, and most recent, Miss Universe crown. The Philippines is, to date, the country with the longest winning streak in history, and the only country in the world to win all of the Big Four pageants in any of their titles streak.[46] [47] [48]

Summary

The following table details the placements of the Philippines' representatives in the Big Four pageants.

Color Key
  • Winner
  • Runner-up
  • Finalist, semifinalist, or quarter finalist
width=5%Yearwidth=15%Miss Universewidth=15%Miss Worldwidth=15%Miss Internationalwidth=15%Miss Earth
2025TBDKrishnah Gravidez
TBD
Myrna Esguerra
TBD
TBD
2024Chelsea Manalo
TBD
Angelica Lopez
TBD
Irha Mel Alfeche
TBD
2023Michelle Dee
Top 10
Gwendolyne FourniolNicole Borromeo
3rd Runner-Up
Yllana Aduana
Miss Earth – Air
2022Celeste CortesiHannah Arnold
Top 15
Jenny Ramp
Top 20
2021Beatrice Gomez
Top 5
Tracy Perez
Top 13
Naelah Alshorbaji
Top 8
2020Rabiya Mateo
Top 21
Roxie Baeyens
Miss Earth – Water
2019Gazini Ganados
Top 20
Michelle Dee
Top 12
Bea Magtanong
Top 8
Janelle Tee
Top 20
2018Catriona Gray
Miss Universe
Katarina RodriguezAhtisa Manalo
1st Runner-Up
Celeste Cortesi
Top 8
2017Rachel Peters
Top 10
Laura Lehmann
Top 40
Mariel de LeonKaren Ibasco
Miss Earth
2016Maxine Medina
Top 6
Catriona Gray
Top 5
Kylie Verzosa
Miss International
Imelda Schweighart
2015Pia Wurtzbach
Miss Universe
Hillarie Parungao
Top 10
Janicel Lubina
Top 10
Angelia Ong
Miss Earth
2014Mary Jean Lastimosa
Top 10
Valerie Weigmann
Top 25
Bianca GuidottiJamie Herrell
Miss Earth
2013Ariella Arida
3rd Runner-Up
Megan Young
Miss World
Bea Santiago
Miss International
Angelee delos Reyes
Top 8
2012Janine Tugonon
1st Runner-Up
Queenierich Rehman
Top 15
Nicole Schmitz
Top 15
Stephany Stefanowitz
Miss Earth – Air
2011Shamcey Supsup
3rd Runner-Up
Gwendoline Ruais
1st Runner-Up
Dianne Necio
Top 15
Athena Imperial
Miss Earth – Water
2010Venus Raj
4th Runner-Up
Czarina GatbontonKrista Kleiner
Top 15
Psyche Resus
2009Bianca ManaloMarie-Ann UmaliMelody Gersbach
Top 15
Sandra Seifert
Miss Earth – Air
2008Jennifer BarrientosDanielle CastañoPatricia Fernandez
Top 12
Karla Henry
Miss Earth
2007Theresa LicarosMaggie WilsonNadia ShamiJeanne Harn
2006Lia RamosAnna IgpitDenille ValmonteCathy Untalan
Miss Earth – Water
2005Gionna CabreraCarlene Aguilar
Top 15
Lara Quigaman
Miss International
Genebelle Raagas
Top 16
2004Maricar BalagtasKarla Bautista
Top 5
Margaret Bayot
Top 15
Tamera Szijarto
Top 8
2003Carla BalingitMafae Yunon
Top 5
Jhezarie JavierLaura Dunlap
Top 10
2002Karen AgustinKatherine Manalo
Top 10
Kristine AlzarApril Perez
Top 10
2001Zorayda AndamGilrhea QuinzonMaricarl TolosaCarlene Aguilar
Top 10
2000Nina AlagaoKatherine de GuzmanJoanna Peñaloza↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 2001 in Manila, Philippines)
1999Miriam Quiambao
1st Runner-Up
Lalaine EdsonGeorgina Sandico
1998Jewel LobatonRachel SorianoColette Glazer
Top 15
1997Abbygale ArenasKristine FlorendoSusan Ritter
Top 15
1996Aileen DamilesDaisy ReyesYedda Kittilstvedt
Top 15
1995Joanne SantosReham TagoGladys Dueñas
Top 15
1994Charlene Gonzales
Top 6
Caroline Subijano
Top 10
Alma Concepcion
Top 15
1993Dindi GallardoRuffa Gutierrez
2nd Runner-Up
Sheela Santarin
1992Elizabeth BerroyaMarina BenipayoJo-Anne Alivio
1991Lourdes GonzalezGemith GemparoPatricia Betita
Top 15
1990Germelina PadillaJennifer Pingree
1989Sara PaezEstrella QuerubinLilia Andanar
1988Perfida LimpinDana NarvadezAnthea Robles
1987Geraldine Asis
Top 10
Lourdes ApostolLourdes Enriquez
1986Violeta NaluzSherry Byrne
Top 15
Alice Dixson
Top 15
1985Joyce BurtonElizabeth CuencoSabrina Artadi
1984Desiree Verdadero
3rd Runner-Up
Aurora SevillaBella Nachor
1983Rosita CapuyonMarilou SadiuaFlor Pastrana
1982Maria Isabel LopezSarah Areza
Top 15
Adela Manibog
1981Caroline MendozaSuzette NicolasAlice Sacasas
Top 15
1980Rosario Silayan
3rd Runner-Up
Milagros NaborDiana Chiong
Top 12
1979Criselda CecilioJosefina FranciscoMelanie Marquez
Miss International
1978Jennifer CortezLouvette HammondLuz Policarpio
1977Anna Kier
1976Elizabeth de PaduaDolores Ascalon
Top 15
1975Rose Marie Brosas
4th Runner-Up
Suzanne GonzalesJaye Murphy
Top 15
1974Guadalupe Sanchez
Top 12
Agnes RustiaErlynne Bernardez
1973Margie Moran
Miss Universe
Evangeline Pascual
1st Runner-Up
Elena Ojeda
4th Runner-Up
1972Barbara Crespo
Top 12
Evangeline Reyes
Top 15

2nd Runner-Up
1971Vida DoriaOnelia JoseEvelyn Camus
2nd Runner-Up
1970Minerva Cagatao
Top 15
Aurora Pijuan
Miss International
1969Gloria Diaz
Miss Universe
Feliza MiroMargaret Montinola
Top 15
1968Rosario ZaragozaCecilia Amabuyok
4th Runner-Up
Nenita Ramos
Top 15
1967Pilar PilapilMaita GomezMargarita Romualdez
1966Clarinda Soriano
Top 15
Vivien Austriaalign="center"
1965Louise Vail
Top 15
↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1951 in England, United Kingdom. The Philippines sent their first delegate in 1966.)
Isabelle Santos
1964Myrna PanlilioGemma Cruz
Miss International
1963Lalaine Bennett
3rd Runner-Up
Monina Yllana
Top 15
1962Josephine BrownCynthia Ugalde
1961×Pilar Arciaga
1960×Edita Vital
Top 15
1959×↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1960 in California, United States and then it was transferred in 1968 in Tokyo, Japan)
1958×
1957Carmen Corrales
1956Isabel Rodriguez
1955Yvonne delos Reyes
1954Blesilda Ocampo
Top 16
1953Cristina Pacheco
1952Teresita Sanchez
1951↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1952 in California, United States and then it was transferred in 1960 in Florida, United States)

× Did not compete
↑ No pageant held

Placements

PageantPlacementsBest result
Miss Universe27Winner (1969197320152018)
Miss World21Winner (2013)
Miss International35Winner (196419701979200520132016)
Miss Earth20Winner (2008201420152017)
Total10315 Titles

Hosting

The Philippines first hosted its major international pageant in 1974 for Miss Universe. It has also hosted Miss Earth several times, as the pageant originated in the country.[20] [49]

Year/s of hostingPageant
1974, 1994, 2016Miss Universe
20012009, 20112014, 20162019, 2022Miss Earth

List of crossovers

Crossover winners of a national pageant wins in another major national pageant and then participate in the line of international beauty pageants.[50]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Beauty Pageants: Are The Crowns On the Right Heads? . Nigerian News from Leadership News. 1 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085830/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/381814/beauty-pageants-crowns-right-heads. 2015-12-22. dead.
  2. News: Metro.Style . Katrina Angco . How PH became the top beauty pageant country in the world . ABS-CBN News.
  3. News: Beauty boot camps: Why PH is pageant powerhouse . Inquirer Lifestyle . 24 February 2019.
  4. Web site: 2021-12-20. Mrs Philippines International ready to sustain country's 'powerhouse' status. 2021-12-24. Inquirer Lifestyle. en-US.
  5. Web site: 2021-11-23. 'Pageant powerhouse': Beauty queens Cinderella Obeñita and Maureen Montagne return to PH. 2021-12-24. Rappler . en-US.
  6. News: Những scandal của Miss World . . vi . 2008-10-08 . 2016-09-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022548/http://giaitri.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/gioi-sao/trong-nuoc/nhung-scandal-cua-miss-world-1898682.html . November 17, 2015 .
  7. News: The misses and missuses of the world. The Jakarta Post. Lynda. Ibrahim. 2013-09-13. 2016-09-11.
  8. News: Philippines' Miss Universe returns home, ignites dreams. Channel NewsAsia. Aya. Lowe. 2016-01-25. 2016-09-11.
  9. News: Shamcey Supsup to lead 'fresh' Miss Universe PH organization . ABS-CBN News.
  10. News: Lo . Ricky . Cory Quirino: Goodbye, beauty pageants? . 1 April 2019 . . 2 March 2017.
  11. News: Tayag . Voltaire E. . Binibining Pilipinas 2018 post-pageant review: a new beginning . 1 April 2019 . . 20 March 2018.
  12. News: Severo . Jan Milo . Binibining Pilipinas still owns Miss Universe Philippines franchise- Stella Araneta . 1 April 2019 . . 4 January 2019.
  13. News: Requintina . Robert R. . Ramon Monzon and Lorraine Schuck . 1 April 2019 . . 12 October 2018.
  14. News: Adina . Armin P. . It started with a gown: Controversy forces Miss Earth-Philippines to resign . 1 April 2019 . . 31 October 2016.
  15. Web site: Amerila . Zara Mazelene . Beauty in the Indigenous Philippine Society . . 18 July 2023.
  16. Web site: Zubiri . Stephanie . Pre-Colonial Gold In The Philippines: What We Know Of Its Origins, Cultural Value, And More . Tatler Asia . Tatler Magazine . 18 July 2023.
  17. Clutario . Genevieve Alva . Beauty Regimes: A History of Power and Modern Empire in the Philippines, 1898–1941 . Duke University Press .
  18. Rondilla . Joanne Laxamana . Beauty and Skin Color Hierarchy in the Philippines . Berkeley University of California Journal . 2012 . 18 July 2023.
  19. Web site: Regan . Helen . Watch 100 Years of Filipina Beauty and History in Less Than Two Minutes . Time.com . May 20, 2015 . Time Magazine . 18 July 2023.
  20. News: Johnson . Howard . Pageant-mad Philippines celebrates Miss Universe win . 23 March 2019 . . 17 December 2018.
  21. News: A very brief history of pageants in the Philippines. Manzanilla. Johsa. 16 January 2017. Pilipino Express. 22 March 2019.
  22. Web site: Maria Kalaw-Katigbak: Beauty Queen and Senator. September 4, 2012. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 22 March 2019.
  23. News: Why The Philippines Dominates World Beauty Pageants. Escalona. Katrina. 7 June 2018. Culture Trip. 22 March 2018.
  24. News: Wealthy and Educated: A Look at Manila's First Beauty Queens. Chua. Paula. 13 December 2017. Town & Country. 22 March 2019.
  25. News: Miss Universe Philippines crown no longer with Binibining Pilipinas. Rappler. 9 December 2019.
  26. News: Michele Gumabao And Catriona Gray Take On Bb. Pilipinas 2018. 16 January 2018. Page One Media Group. 9 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180409233539/http://pageone.ph/michele-gumabao-and-catriona-gray-take-on-bb-pilipinas-2018/. 9 April 2018. dead.
  27. News: Take a look at the 40 beautiful ladies to compete in the 2018 Binibining Pilipinas. E.. Sally. 17 January 2018. Kicker Daily News. 9 April 2018.
  28. News: Binibining Pilipinas 2018 Winners and Results. 18 March 2018. Local Pulse News. 9 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180322115008/http://www.localpulse.net/entertainment/full-list-binibining-pilipinas-2018-winners-and-results-18076/. March 22, 2018.
  29. Web site: Philippine Delegates to Miss World in the 60's Tony Paat's Collection . 7 June 2017 . Veestarz.com.
  30. News: 25 vie to represent Philippines in Miss World contest . . 18 August 2011 . 6 October 2013 . Armin Adina.
  31. Web site: Miss World-Philippines offers the biggest prizes in the history of beauty pageants in the country . Philippine Entertainment Portal . 24 March 2011 . 6 October 2013 . Glen P. Sibonga . fil.
  32. Web site: Megan Young crowned Miss World 2013 . . September 28, 2013 . 8 October 2013.
  33. Web site: Megan Young crowned Miss World 2013 . . . 28 September 2013 . 1 April 2019.
  34. Web site: New titles up for grabs in this year's Miss World Philippines . . 8 July 2017 . 8 July 2017 . en.
  35. Web site: Arnold Vegafria is new Miss World PH franchise owner . ABS-CBN News. 16 January 2017 . 1 April 2019 . en.
  36. News: Dumlao-Abadilla. Doris. 6 May 2017. Miss Earth founder is new PSE chief. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 18 May 2020.
  37. News: Dumlao-Abadilla. Doris. 21 March 2020. PSE narrows trading band. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 18 May 2020.
  38. Web site: 18 May 2020. Philippine Stock Exchange Inc (PSE.PS). Reuters. https://web.archive.org/web/20200625082846/https://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/PSE.PS. dead. June 25, 2020. 18 May 2020.
  39. News: Adina. Armin. 23 April 2014. Wanted: Beauty queen with a heart that beats for the environment. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 18 May 2020.
  40. News: 14 October 2018. GMA Network inks partnership with Miss Earth. Manila Standard. 18 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181016194840/https://manilastandard.net/showbitz/tv-movies/277925/gma-network-inks-partnership-with-miss-earth.html. October 16, 2018.
  41. News: Manuel. Felix. 30 July 2019. 2019 Miss Earth in Legaspi City. The Philippine Star. 18 May 2020.
  42. News: Two new RP Beauty Contests Coming Up. Philippine Headline News/Philippine Star. Ricardo F.. Lo. 3 April 2001. 1 April 2019.
  43. News: Philippines to Host Miss Earth 2001 Beauty Contest. https://web.archive.org/web/20090830010453/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20010829/446455.htm. dead. August 30, 2009. Xinhua News Agency. Online. Xinhua News. 29 August 2001. 1 April 2019.
  44. News: 35 beauties vying for Miss Earth title. Manila Bulletin. Rachel Castro. Barawid. 11 October 2001. 1 April 2019.
  45. Web site: 2019 in Philippine pageants: An end of an era, new beginnings . January 5, 2020 . 1 February 2020.
  46. Web site: Escalona. Katrina. 2017-11-21. Why The Philippines Dominates World Beauty Pageants. 2021-12-24. Culture Trip.
  47. Web site: 2021-11-09. The Crown: The Philippines Won Three International Beauty Pageants In Just Five Weeks. 2021-12-24. Nylon Manila . en-US.
  48. Web site: 2021-12-16. Pageant powerhouse Philippines finds Miss World most challenging. 2021-12-24. Inquirer Lifestyle. en-US.
  49. News: Amee . Enriquez . Philippines: How to make a beauty queen. 10 November 2015 . BBC News. 22 March 2019.
  50. News: Bb. Pilipinas 2019: Returnees, crossovers and newcomers. Tayag. Voltaire. 31 March 2019. Rappler. 1 April 2019.
  51. News: Miss Earth Philippines winners: Where are they now?. Villano. Alexa. 19 May 2018. Rappler. 1 April 2019.
  52. News: Carlene Aguilar: Out to conquer the World. Hernandez. Marian Joy. 9 December 2005. The Manila Times. 1 April 2019.
  53. News: Mom, businesswoman, athlete: Carlene Aguilar and her journey into triathlon. Valdez. Euden. 25 July 2018. 1 April 2019.
  54. News: Beauty queen-triathlete shares tips on how moms can get into fitness. 29 May 2018. ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. 1 April 2019.
  55. News: Danish law student is Miss Earth. https://web.archive.org/web/20121022221055/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79263990.html. dead. 2012-10-22. Filipino Reporter. 2001-11-08. 2019-04-01.
  56. News: Danish student wins 1st Miss Earth title. Manila Bulletin. Rachel. Barawid. 2001-10-30.
  57. News: The List: Pinay winners in Miss World. 19 August 2013. ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. 1 April 2019.
  58. News: Who is the first beauty queen to win two titles?. Ganal. FM. 19 March 2018. Philippine Entertainment Portal. 1 April 2019.
  59. Web site: Catriona Gray crowned Miss Universe. Joel. Guinto. ABS-CBN News. 1 April 2019.
  60. News: Archana. KC . No One Can Get Over Miss Philippines Catriona Gray's Slow-Mo Turn At Miss Universe 2018 Prelims. 1 April 2019. Indiatimes Lifestyle Network. indiatimes.com. 14 December 2018.
  61. News: From world to universe: Catriona Gray is now fourth Filipina Miss Universe . Adel . Rosette . 17 December 2018 . Philstar Global . 1 April 2019. STAR Group of Publications . en-US.