Phi Delta Delta Explained

Phi Delta Delta
Letters:	Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: '''ΦΔΔ'''
Coat Of Arms:	File:The_crest_of_Phi_Delta_Delta.jpg
Birthplace:	University of Southern California, Law School
Former Affiliation:	PFA
Status:	Merged
Successor:	Phi Alpha Delta
Emphasis:	Law, Women
Scope:	International
Colors:	Old rose and Violet
Flower:	Rose and Violet
Jewel:	Pearl
Publication:	The Phi Delta Delta
Chapters:	68
Lifetime:	5,000

Phi Delta Delta (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΦΔΔ) was a women's professional law fraternity founded in November 1911 at the University of Southern California.^[1] It merged with Phi Alpha Delta in 1972.^{[2] [3]}

History

Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority was founded at the Law School of the University of Southern California on November 11, 1911.^[4] Its founders were Georgia Bullock, Gladys Morre Brown, Sarah Patten Doherty, Annette Fillius Hunley, and Vere Radir-Norton.^[5] Its purpose was "to promote a higher standard of professional ethics and culture among women in law schools and the legal profession." Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation in California on October 25, 1912.^[6]

The fraternity went national with the opening of its Beta chapter at the Washington College of Law and Gamma chapter at the Chicago-Kent College of Law in April 1913. This was followed by the Delta chapter at the University of Oregon Law School in 1914. Phi Delta Delta held its first national convention in Los Angeles on August 20–22, 1917 with delegates from Alpha, Delta, and Epsilon chapters.^[7]

The fraternity's publication was The Phi Delta Delta.^[8] It was established at the fraternity's first convention in 1917 as an annual publication. Initially, it was called Oak Leaves and was edited by a member of the Zeta chapter. At the fraternity's second convention, the publication's frequency was changed to semiannual, along with the name change to The Phi Delta Delta. Its frequency became quarterly after the fraternity's third convention in 1924.

Phi Delta Delta became an international fraternity in 1926 with the establishment of the Omega chapter at the Vancouver School of Law in Vancouver, Canada in January 1926. It also added chapters in Cuba, England, and South America.^{[9] [10]} By March 1926, it was the largest legal sorority in the United States. The fraternity eventually expanded to include 5,000 members and 68 chapters in the United States and Canada.^[11]

Phi Delta Delta created an endowment fund that provided loans to students in their last year of law school.^[12] In addition, it provided scholarship keys at graduation for scholastic excellence in law school.

Each year at the American Bar Association conference, Phi Delta Delta sponsored a breakfast for deans of law schools, judges, prominent members of the association, and fraternity members. The fraternity also had a speakers bureau on its research interests, including coordinating council movement, juvenile delinquency, legislation impacting women, the probation and parole system, restatement of the law, and taxation.

Merger

In 1970, the all-male legal fraternity Phi Alpha Delta amended its constitution to accept female members. In 1971, Phi Delta Delta began negotiating a merger with Phi Alpha Delta. Both fraternities held conventions in San Diego on August 9–12, 1972. Phi Delta Delta and Phi Alpha Delta reached a merger agreement on August 12, 1972. At this time, all members of Phi Delta Delta became members of Phi Alpha Delta. Its chapters were renamed when they merged into Phi Alpha Delta.^[13]

Archival records of Phi Alpha Delta are stored in the special collections of the Charles E. Young Research Library at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Washburn University School of Law.^[14]

Symbols

The colors of Phi Delta Delta were old rose and violet. Its official flowers were the rose and the violet. Its jewel was the pearl.

The fraternity's badge was a flat-topped kite of black enamel, with an anagram of the Greek letters Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Φ, Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Δ and Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Δ, grouped so that the two Deltas appeared as the twin pans of a balance scale.

Chapters

Collegiate chapters

Following is a list of Phi Delta Delta collegiate chapters.^{[15] [16]} Status is as of the time of the merger in 1972. All chapters are now inactive, most having merged into Phi Alpha Delta.

Chapter	Chartered/Range	Institution	Location	Status	References
Alpha		University of Southern California	Los Angeles, California	Active
Beta		Washington College of Law		Active
Gamma	– 19xx ?	Chicago-Kent College of Law	Chicago, Illinois	Inactive
Delta	– 19xx ?; February 22, 1930	University of Oregon School of Law	Eugene, Oregon	Active
Epsilon		University of Washington School of Law	Seattle, Washington	Active	^[17]
Zeta		George Washington University Law School	Washington, D.C.	Active
Eta		New England School of Law	Boston, Massachusetts	Active
Theta		University of Kansas School of Law	Lawrence, Kansas	Active
Iota		Vanderbilt University Law School	Nashville, Tennessee.	Active
Kappa			Topeka, Kansas	Active	^[18]
Lambda		University of Pittsburgh School of Law	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Active
Mu		University of Missouri School of Law	Columbia, Missouri	Active
Nu			Brooklyn, New York City, New York	Active
Xi		Northwestern College of Law	Portland, Oregon	Active
Omicron		Dickinson School of Law	Carlisle, Pennsylvania	Active
Pi		Case Western Reserve University School of Law	Cleveland, Ohio	Active
Rho		Stetson University College of Law	Gulfport, Florida	Active
Sigma			Amherst, New York	Active
Tau		Temple University Law School	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Active
Upsilon		Willamette University College of Law	Salem, Oregon	Active
Phi		University of Colorado Law School	Boulder, Colorado	Active
Chi		Duquesne University School of Law	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Active
Psi		Kansas City School of Law	Kansas City, Missouri	Active
Omega	– 1945	Vancouver Law School	Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	Inactive	^[19]
Alpha Alpha		Fordham University School of Law	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Active
Alpha Beta		University of Cincinnati College of Law	Cincinnati, Ohio	Active
Alpha Gamma		New York University School of Law	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Active
Alpha Delta	March 19,	University of Maryland School of Law	Baltimore, Maryland	Active	^[20]
Alpha Epsilon	– October 3, 1959		Saint Paul, Minnesota	Merged
Alpha Zeta		Loyola University New Orleans College of Law	New Orleans, Louisiana	Active
Alpha Eta			Vermillion, South Dakota	Active
Alpha Theta			Los Angeles, California	Active
Alpha Iota		University of Louisville School of Law	Louisville, Kentucky	Active
Alpha Kappa		University of Detroit Law School	Downtown Detroit, Michigan	Active
Alpha Lambda	– December 12, 1955	National University School of Law	Washington, D.C.	Merged
Alpha Mu		Columbia Law School	New York City, New York	Active
Alpha Nu		Cleveland Law School	Cleveland, Ohio	Active
Alpha Xi		Indiana Law School	Indianapolis, Indiana	Active
Alpha Omicron		Tulsa Law School	Tulsa, Oklahoma	Active
Alpha Pi		University of Utah College of Law	Salt Lake City, Utah	Active
Alpha Rho		St. John's University School of Law	Jamaica, New York City, New York	Active
Alpha Sigma		University of Michigan Law School	Ann Arbor, Michigan	Active
Alpha Tau		Yale Law School	New Haven, Connecticut	Active
Alpha Upsilon		Saint Louis University School of Law	St. Louis, Missouri	Active
Alpha Phi		University of Miami School of Law	Coral Gables, Florida.	Active
Alpha Chi		University of Memphis Law School	Memphis, Tennessee	Active
Alpha Psi	–	St. Paul College of Law	Saint Paul, Minnesota	Merged
Alpha Omega		Louisiana State University School of Law	Baton Rouge, Louisiana	Active	^[21]
Beta Alpha		Southwestern University School of Law	Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles, California	Active
Beta Beta		University of California at Berkeley School of Law	Berkeley, California	Active
Beta Gamma		University of Mississippi School of Law	Oxford, Mississippi	Active
Beta Delta		Stanford Law School	Stanford, California	Active
Beta Epsilon		Columbus School of Law	Washington, D.C.	Active	^[22]
Beta Zeta		University of Florida School of Law	Gainesville, Florida	Active
Beta Eta		University of Georgia School of Law	Athens, Georgia	Active
Beta Theta		UCLA School of Law	Los Angeles, California	Active
Beta Iota		University of Richmond School of Law	Richmond, Virginia	Active
Beta Kappa		Salmon P. Chase College of Law	Highland Heights, Kentucky	Active
Beta Lambda		Georgetown University School of Law	Washington, D.C.	Active
Beta Mu		University of Alabama School of Law	Tuscaloosa, Alabama	Active
Alpha Epsilon Psi		William Mitchell College of Law	Saint Paul, Minnesota	Active	^[23]
Beta Nu		California Western School of Law	San Diego, California	Active
Beta Xi		University of Akron School of Law	Akron, Ohio	Active
Beta Omicron		University of San Diego School of Law	San Diego, California	Active
Beta Pi			Homewood, Alabama	Active
Beta Rho		University of Tennessee College of Law	Knoxville, Tennessee	Active
Beta Sigma			Tribeca, New York City, New York	Active
Beta Tau		Florida State University College of Law	Tallahassee, Florida	Active
Beta Upsilon			Vermillion, South Dakota	Active

Alumnae chapters

Following is a list of Phi Delta Delta alumnae chapters.^[24] Status is as of the time of the merger in 1972. All chapters are now inactive, due to the merger with Phi Alpha Delta.

Chapter	Chartered/Range	Location	Status	References
Los Angeles Alumnae chapter	March 3, 1922	Los Angeles, California	Active
Kansis City Alumnae chapter	March 22, 1924 – 194x ?	Kansas City, Kansas	Inactive
Washington Alumnae chapter	January 9, 1925	Washington, D.C.	Active
San Francisco Alumnae chapter	November 17, 1925	San Francisco, California	Active
Buffalo Alumnae chapter	September 2, 1927 – 19xx ?	Buffalo, New York	Inactive
Boston Alumnae chapter	November 11, 1927 – 194x ?	Boston, Massachusetts	Inactive
New York City Alumnae chapter	November 12, 1927	New York City, New York	Active
Cincinnati Alumnae chapter	May 12, 1932 – 194x ?	Cincinnati, Ohio	Inactive
Cleveland Alumnae chapter	March 25, 1934 – 194x ?	Cleveland, Ohio	Inactive
Santa Barbara-Ventura Alumnae chapter	May 5, 1957	Santa Barbara and Ventura, California	Active

Notable members

Name	Chapter	Notability	References
Edith Atkinson	Rho	judge	^[25] ^[26] ^[27]
Othilia Carroll Beals	Epsilon	lawyer and judge	^[28]
Georgia Bullock	Alpha	first female Superior Court judge in California	^[29] ^[30] ^[31]
	Alpha	attorney, professor, and the first female deputy district attorney in the United States	^[32]
H. Alberta Colclaser	Pi	aviation lawyer and foreign service officer	^[33]
Lucile Atcherson Curtis		first woman appointed as a United States Diplomatic Officer	^[34]
Harriet Daggett	Alpha Tau	attorney and professor	^[35]
	Xi	judge	^[36]
	Alpha	lawyer, judge, and the president of the Bank of Italy
Zula Inez Ferguson	Iota	advertising manager at Blackstone's	^[37]
	Epsilon	United States circuit judge
Marion Janet Harron	Beta Beta	lawyer and United States Tax Court judge	^[38]
Sybil Holmes	Eta	politician and the first woman elected to the Massachusetts Senate	^[39]
Lucy Somerville Howorth	Beta Gamma	lawyer, politician, and the first woman to serve in the Mississippi Legislature
Shirley Hufsteler	Beta Delta, Los Angeles Alumnae chapter	attorney, judge, and United States Secretary of Education	^[40] ^[41]
Reba Hurn	Epsilon	lawyer and Washington state legislator	^[42]
May Darlington Lahey	Alpha	lawyer, judge, first Australian woman to serve as a judge	^[43]
Manche Irene Langley	Xi	lawyer and professor at Pacific University	^[44]
Mary Florence Lathrop		lawyer
Mildred Lillie	Beta Beta	justice, Court of Appeals of the State of California
Annabel Matthews	Gamma	judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals	^[45] ^[46]
Margaret M. McChesney	Eta	lawyer	^[47]
Mary O'Toole	Beta	U.S. District Court judge, first woman municipal judge of the United States	^[48]
Ruth Bryan Owen		U.S. House of Representatives. U.S. Envoy to Denmark, pioneering filmmaker
		judge
Orfa Jean Shontz	Alpha	lawyer and judge	^[49]
Sara Soffel	Lambda	lawyer and judge	^[50]
Mary Jane Spurlin	Xi	judge
F. Josephine Stevenson	Alpha	lawyer
Martha Ware	Eta	district court judge
	Alpha	lawyer
Reah Whitehead	Epsilon	lawyer and justice of the peace
	Alpha	U.S. Assistant Attorney General

Notes and References

1. Book: Martin . Ida Shaw . The Sorority Handbook . George Banta Publishing Company, Collegiate Press . 6 . Menasha, Wisconsin . 89 . 11 June 2022.
2. "1970s: A Fraternity of Firsts." Phi Delta Delta History History, accessed 4 December 2021.
3. Laura Duncan, “Happy Birthday, PADs”, Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, November 13, 1992. Law Bulletin Publishing Company (Chicago, 1992)
4. Web site: Finding Aid for the Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity (International) Records, 1924-1967 . 2023-03-14 . Oneline Archive of California.
5. Book: Jack L. . Anson . Robert F. . Marchenasi . Baird's Manual of American Fraternities . 20th . 1991 . 1879 . Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. . Indianapolis, IN . 978-0963715906 . VIII-43.
6. "Milestones". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 70. November 1973.
7. "Phi Delta Delta Magazine". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 77-78. November 1973.
8. Book: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare - Office of Education . Education Directory 1960-1961: Part 1 Federal Government and States . 1960 . U.S. Government Printing Office . 51 . en . Google Books.
9. News: 1926-03-07 . Phi Delta Delta . 15 . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . 2023-03-15 . Newspaper.com.
10. News: 1927-11-04 . Phi Delta Delta to Install Chapter . 4 . Argus-Leader . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
11. November 1973 . From the Editor . The Phi Delta Delta . 51 . 1.
12. News: 1940-07-21 . Miss Herndon is to Attend Coast Meeting: Biennial Conventionl of Phi Delta Delta . 28 . Tulsa World . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
13. https://www.pad.org/page/law_chapter_locator PAD chapter locator
14. Web site: Phi Delta Delta - Kappa Chapter Meeting Minutes 1923-1971 . 2023-03-14 . Washburn Law Digital Collections.
15. "The Chapters of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17-49. November 1973.
16. https://cdn.ymaws.com/padlaw.site-ym.com/resource/collection/F9D1DF85-8F9B-4835-A4F6-E023ACBB5DBE/PDD-Final_Issue-sm.pdf "Role of the Phi Delta Delta Chapters
17. News: 7 March 1917 . New Law College Sorority Chapter . 7 . Los Angeles Herald . March 14, 2023 . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
18. https://contentdm.washburnlaw.edu/digital/collection/phideltadelta/id/45 Washburn - Phi Delta Delta History
19. Web site: UBC's Law School Opens History Project . 2023-03-14 . Peter A. Allard School of Law . en.
20. https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000141/000000/000001/restricted/sc5603-5-0012.pdf The Bar Association of Baltimore City Centennial Edition - History of the Women's Bar Association of Maryland
21. Book: Hargrave, W. Lee . LSU Law: The Louisiana State University Law School from 1906 to 1977 . 2004-09-01 . LSU Press . 978-0-8071-2914-2 . 98 . en . Google Books.
22. News: 1946-10-14 . Phi Delta Delta to Install Unit . 22 . Evening Star . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
23. Web site: Harmon . Shannon . August 2, 2019 . "Minnesota Women's Lawyers: A History". Raising the Bar: America Celebrates 150 Years of Women Lawyers 1869-2019 . 2023-03-14 . issuu . Faircount Media Group . 45 . en.
24. "Alumnae Chapters". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 50-51. November 1973.
25. News: 21 October 1926 . Edith M. Atkinson . 3 . Colusa Herald . March 14, 2023 . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
26. News: 1927-08-31 . Noted Women Are Coming to Buffalo for Convention . 19 . The Buffalo News . 2023-03-15.
27. News: November 12, 1933 . Women Attorneys Called too Modest; Should Appear More Often in Court, Justice Finch Tells Phi Delta Delta Convention. . en . N3 . The New York Times . 2023-03-15.
28. "Epsilon". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 19-20. November 1973.
29. "Alpha". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
30. News: 19 February 1913 . Sorority to Honor Women Lawyers at Banquet . 4 . Los Angeles Herald . March 14, 2023 . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
31. News: 1916-03-26 . Society: Sorority Banquet . 38 . The Los Angeles Times . 2023-03-14 . Newspapers.com.
32. Web site: Campbell, Litta Belle Hibbon . 2023-03-14 . Women's Legal History . Stanford University Law . en-US.
33. News: Shine . Mary . 1947-01-05 . U.S. Aviation Office's Legal Adviser Makes Plane Piloting Her Hobby . 35 . Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph . 2023-03-14 . Newspapers.com.
34. News: 1930-08-24 . Chic Modern Portias Know Style as Well as Stututes: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority . 111 . Times Union . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
35. "Alpha Tau". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 38. November 1973.
36. "Xi". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 25. November 1973.
37. Book: Binheim . Max . Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America . Elvin . Charles A. . 1928 . Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press . University of Connecticut Libraries . 41 . Internet Archive.
38. News: 1940-01-31 . Phi Delta Delta Will Give Party for Rushees Sunday . 26 . Evening Star . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
39. "Eta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 22. November 1973.
40. "The Members of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
41. Web site: Prominent P.A.D. Members . Phi Alpha Delta.
42. Book: Binheim . Max . Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America . Elvin . Charles A. . 1928 . Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press . University of Connecticut Libraries . 195 . Internet Archive.
43. Lahey, May D. "History's Path of Women Jurist". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 64. November 1973.
44. Allen . Trudy . Fall 1997 . Pioneers: Manche Irene Langley . Advance Sheet . 8 . 4 . 3 . Oregon Women Lawyers.
45. Web site: Collection: Papers of Annabel Matthews, 1880-1960 (inclusive), 1901-1960 (bulk) HOLLIS for . 2023-03-14 . hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu.
46. News: 1935-11-10 . Founder Day Banquet to Draw Many: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority . 46 . Evening Star . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
47. News: 1930-08-23 . Portia Law graduates to go to P.D.D. Meeting . 5 . The Boston Globe . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
48. News: 1940-03-03 . Fraternity's President is Guest: Phi Delta Delta's Beta Chapter Entertains . 55 . Evening Star . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.
49. News: 22 August 1917 . L.A. Woman Elected Head of Fraternity . 10 . Los Angeles Herald . March 14, 2023 . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
50. News: 1933-11-01 . Women Lawyers Will Meet Here . 4 . Harrisburg Telegraph . 2023-03-15 . Newspapers.com.