Petrus Serrarius Explained

Petrus Serrarius (Peter Serrarius, Pieter Serrurier, Pierre Serrurier, Pieter Serrarius, Petro Serario, Petrus Serarius; 1600, London – buried October 1, 1669,[1] Amsterdam) was a millenarian theologian, writer, and also a wealthy merchant, who established himself in Amsterdam in 1630, and was active there until his death. He was born "into a well-to-do Walloon merchant family by name of Serrurier in London."[2] He has been called "the dean of the dissident Millenarian theologians in Amsterdam".[3]

He studied at Christ Church, Oxford from 1617 to 1619, and at the Walloon College in Leiden from 1620 to 1623.[4] The French speaking college was then a part of the new Leiden University, where Serrarius met John Dury, and they remained closely associated, right up to Serrarius' own death in 1669.[5]

Circle

In Amsterdam he associated, on the one hand, with the Collegiants Adam Boreel, and Galenus Abrahamsz, and their sect; and, on the other hand, also with the Portuguese Jews settling there at the time, among them Menasseh ben Israel and Benedictus de Spinoza.[6] He was a correspondent of Samuel Hartlib.[7] His involvement with Jews and Judaism led him to the study of Kabbalah and Gematria, and later to a belief in Sabbatai Zevi's messianic claims.[8]

Views and contacts

He published works on the millennium.[9] He was one of the first followers of the Silesian mystic and millenarian Jacob Boehme in Amsterdam.[10]

As well as being a philo-semite, interested greatly in the issue of the Lost Tribes, he was on good terms with the Amsterdam Quakers,[11] and had been in contact with William Ames.[12] He corresponded also with the London Baptist Minister Henry Jessey.[13]

Friendship with Benedictus de Spinoza

Nadler often mentions Serrarius in his biography of Benedictus de Spinoza.[14] Serrarius was very important to Spinoza because Serrarius brought him into contact with the Amsterdam chiliasts and Quakers as well as with Henry Oldenburg. Serrarius may have known Spinoza from the group of Amsterdam Collegiants and may have introduced him to the Quaker William Ames. Oldenburg may have heard from Serrarius about Spinoza and he visited Spinoza in Rijnsburg in mid-July 1662, which led to a strong friendship.[15] Serrarius had attended chemical experiments of Johann Rudolph Glauber[16] in Amsterdam with Franciscus van den Enden, the teacher of Spinoza. Maybe Spinoza was there too.

Oldenburg asked Spinoza to send him a copy of his book Renati Descartes principia philosophiae, more geometrico demonstrata via Serrarius. Serrarius acted as postmaster in Amsterdam and courier to England for Spinoza.[17] Later Oldenburg wrote that he had heard from Serrarius that Spinoza was doing well and that he had not forgotten.[18] While Spinoza was in Amsterdam for a few weeks, he spoke to Serrarius.[19] Oldenburg expected a package via Serrarius in Amsterdam, and hoped that Spinoza would send a manuscript with his thoughts on the Bible.[20] Serrarius spread among Protestants in Amsterdam the message that Sabbatai Zevi was the Messiah.

Controversy

Initially an orthodox Calvinist, he had left his church before coming to Amsterdam around 1630. He attacked the views of Moses Amyraut, who had in Du règne de mille ans ou de la Prospérité de l'Église (1654) taken up a position against the millenarians of the time. Serrarius replied with Assertion du règne de mille ans (1657). He in turn was attacked by Samuel Maresius (Samuel Des Marets), a pupil of Franciscus Gomarus. Maresius attempted to undermine the appeal to the work of Joseph Mede made by Serrarius.[21]

Serrarius was also one of the loudest critics of Lodewijk Meyer after the anonymous publication of the latter's Philosophia S. Scripturae Interpres, Exercitatio paradoxa (Philosophy interpreting Sacred Scripture, an exercise in paradox) in 1666, which caused a big controversy in Dutch and wider European Reformed circles at the time.[22]

Publications

Including

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. van der Wall, Ernestine G. E., De mystieke chiliast Petrus Serrarius (1600-1669) en zijn wereld, Leiden 1987, page 610-611. She states that Serrarius probably died of the pest.
  2. Ernestine G. E. van der Wall (1988), "The Amsterdam Millenarian Petrus Serrarius (1600-1669) and the Anglo-Dutch Circle of Philo-Judaists", p. 74; Johannes van den Berg (1977), "Quaker and Chiliast: The Contrary Thoughts of William Ames and Petrus Serrarius," p. 186, states:

    Serrarius ... was born in London, where he was baptized as Pierre Serrurier in the French church of Threadneele Street on 11 May 1600.

  3. Richard H. Popkin (1986), "Some New Light on the Roots of Spinoza's Science of Bible Study," p. 177.
  4. van der Wall (1988), p. 74; van den Berg (1977), pp. 186-187
  5. van den Berg (1977), p. 75.
  6. van den berg (1977), p. 189. Richard H. Popkin (2004), Spinoza, p. 40, states that "Serrarius became Spinoza's contact with the outside world," after his excommunication by the Jewish community, and during the period when he lived among the Collegiants in Rijnsburg.
  7. van der Wall (1988), pp. 79-81.
  8. Popkin (2004), p. 40 and p. 48.
  9. http://cf.hum.uva.nl/bookmaster/cunradus/166306.htm 1663-06
  10. van der Wall (1988), p. 74.
  11. http://www.universalistfriends.org/candle.html The Light Upon The Candlestick
  12. Johannes van den Berg (Jan de Bruijn, Pieter Holtrop editors), Religious Currents and Cross-Currents: Essays on Early Modern Protestantism and the Protestant Enlightenment (1999), Chapter 8. Book extract.
  13. van der Wall (1988), p.81, and note 32.
  14. Book: Nadler, Steven . van Zetten . Frans . 2007 . Spinoza . Olympus, Amstel Publishers . Amsterdam . 978-90-467-0021-1 . 205, 208, 221, 235, 246, 270, 280, 284, 317, 323-325 . nl .
  15. Spinoza Epistolae 1, 2, 6, 13
  16. https://www.newtonproject.ox.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/OTHE00063 The Newton Project
  17. Spinoza Epistolae 14
  18. Spinoza Epistolae 25
  19. Nadler p. 284, Spinoza Epistolae 25-28
  20. Spinoza Epistolae 31
  21. Jeffrey K. Jue, Heaven Upon Earth: Joseph Mede (1586-1638) And the Legacy of Millenarianism (2006), p. 233.
    • Book: Israel . Jonathan I. . Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity, 1650-1750. Oxford, New York. Oxford University Press. 203–205. 2001. 0198206089.

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