| Birthname: | Peter Jacob Carter |
| Birth Date: | 29 May 1845 |
| Birth Place: | Eastville, Virginia, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Virginia, U.S. |
| Office: | Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Northampton County |
| Term Start: | December 6, 1871 |
| Term End: | December 3, 1879 |
| Predecessor: | James C. Toy |
| Successor: | Thomas A. Downs |
| Party: | Republican |
| Alma Mater: | Hampton Institute |
| Spouse: | Georgianna Mapp Maggie Treherne |
| Allegiance: |  United States |
| Branch: | United States Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1863–1866 |
| Battles: | American Civil War |
Peter Jacob Carter (May 29, 1845 – July 19, 1886) was an American Republican politician who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing Northampton County from 1871 to 1879. He was one of the first African-Americans to serve in Virginia's government.[1] He fell ill while traveling via steamboat between Norfolk and the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and died soon thereafter; the cause of his death was likely appendicitis. He was interred in the family cemetery near Franktown.[2] A historic marker in his honor was erected by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources in 2009. It stands in front of Bethel Baptist Church,[3] [4] which had been constructed on land that he had donated.[5]