Peter Brownell Explained

Peter Brownell
Office:Member of the
Vermont State Senate
from Chittenden County
Term Start:1997
Term End:2001
Predecessor:Multi-member district
Successor:Multi-member district
Office1:39th Mayor of Burlington
Term Start1:April 5, 1993
Term End1:April 3, 1995
Predecessor1:Peter Clavelle
Successor1:Peter Clavelle
Office2:Member of the Burlington, Vermont Board of Aldermen from the 4th district
Term Start2:December 11, 1989[1]
Term End2:April 4, 1993
Predecessor2:David Thelander
Successor2:Tom Ryan
Office3:Member of the Burlington, Vermont Board of School Commissioners from the 6th district
Term Start3:1983
Term End3:1985
Predecessor3:Diane Gallagher
Successor3:Elizabeth Van Buren
Term Start4:1986
Term End4:1988
Birth Place:New York City, New York, U.S.
Party:Republican
Spouse:Christina Bratton
Linda B. Anderson
Children:5
Relatives:Chauncey W. Brownell (great-grandfather)
Education:University of Pennsylvania
University of Vermont
Signature:Peter C. Brownell signature.png
Allegiance: United States
Branch:United States Air Force
Serviceyears:1972-1978

Peter C. Brownell (born 1948) is an American politician who served as the 39th Mayor of Burlington, Vermont. Prior to his tenure as mayor he was active in local politics with him serving on the school board and the city council. After his tenure as mayor he served in the Vermont Senate. He is the most recent Republican elected as mayor of Burlington.

Brownell was born in New York City, and was educated at Choate Rosemary Hall, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Vermont. After serving in the United States Air Force he moved to Burlington, Vermont, where he would enter politics. He was elected to the city's school board in 1983, and again in 1986. Brownell was elected to the city council in a 1989 special election and reelected in the 1990 and 1992 elections.

Brownell ran in the 1993 Burlington mayoral election against incumbent Progressive Coalition Mayor Peter Clavelle despite Clavelle's fundraising and campaign volunteer advantage. His victory was the first time a Republican held the mayoralty since Edward A. Keenan in 1965. Brownell lost reelection to Clavelle in 1995. He was elected to the state senate in the 1996 election and reelected in 1998, but lost renomination in 2000 due to his support for same-sex civil unions.

Early life and education

Brownell was born in New York City, New York, in 1948, to Mary Hester Gaskill (1916–2007) and Lincoln C. Brownell (1914–2010). Chauncey W. Brownell, his great-grandfather, served as Secretary of State of Vermont and in the Vermont Senate. During his childhood he traveled between Long Island, New York and Saigon, South Vietnam, due to his father's business.[2] [3]

Brownell graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall.[4] He married Christina Bratton, who he had met while at the University of Pennsylvania, in Maryland in 1969. In 1970, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a bachelor's degree in sociology, after having originally majored in chemical engineering, and graduated from the University of Vermont with a master's degree in business administration in 1978. He served in the United States Air Force for six years. He moved his family to Burlington, Vermont, in 1978.[5] [6] Brownell worked as a financial analyst for General Electric for fifteen years.[7]

Career

School board

Brownell attempted to gain a job on the Burlington police or airport commissions, but he was rejected every time. In 1983, Diana Gallagher, a member of the school board, ran for a seat on the city council from the 6th district. Brownell won the Republican nomination to succeed her on the school board from the 6th district by a unanimous vote and defeated independent Hans J. Puck in the general election.[8] [9] He did not seek reelection as he wanted to spend more time with his family in 1985, and Elizabeth Van Buren, a member of the Democratic Party, was unopposed to succeed him.[10] Brownell won the Republican nomination to run for the school board from the 6th district in 1986, and won in the general election without opposition.[11] He did not run for reelection in the 1988 election.[12]

During his tenure on the board he served as chair of the Finance committee and consider running for chair of the board in 1986, but he did not have enough support.[13] [14]

City council

In 1989, David Thelander, a Republican member of the city council, resigned to work in Washington, D.C. for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.[15] Brownell received the Republican nomination and defeated Democratic and Progressive Coalition nominee Greg Guma in the special election.[16] [17] During the campaign Brownell raised $2,170 and spent $472 while Guma raised $875 and spent $640.[18]

He defeated Green Party nominee Bea Bookchin in the 1990 election.[19] He won reelection without opposition in 1992.[20] After Brownell was elected as mayor he resigned from the city council. A special election was held to fill the vacancy and it was won by Republican nominee Tom Ryan.[21]

During his tenure on the city council Brownell served on the Finance committee.[22] Following the resignation of Jane Watson, a member of the city council from the 5th district, Browell became interested in running for chair of the city council as Watson's resignation left the Democrats without enough votes, but Brownell later declined to run.[23] [24]

Mayoralty

Elections

The Vermont Republican Party had not nominated a candidate in the 1985, 1987, 1989, and 1991 mayoral elections.[25] [26] [27] [28] Brownell announced on January 14, 1993, that he would run for the Republican nomination and won the nomination on January 20.[29] [30] Brownell defeated Clavelle in the election while only winning two of the city council wards despite Clavelle having outraised Brownell and Clavelle having 220 volunteers compared to Brownll's 20. Brownell's victory ended the Progressive Coalition's control of the mayoral office that it had held since the 1981 election and he became the first Republican to hold the office since Edward A. Keenan left office in 1965. Clavelle stated that he had lost due to him passing legislation to have Burlington pay for the health care benefits for domestic partners of city workers.[31] [32] [33]

Former Republican Mayor Robert K. Bing was happy with Brownell's victory while United States Representative Bernie Sanders, who served as mayor from 1981 to 1989, stated that he was disappointed by Clavelle's defeat.[34] Brownell victory in the 1993 election is the most recent time the Republicans have won election as mayor of Burlington.[35]

Brownell announced on January 9, 1995, that he would seek reelection to another term.[36] However, he was defeated in the general election by Clavelle. During the campaign Clavelle had raised $41,020 and spent $40,644, Brownell raised $22,263 and spent $16,527, and Paul Lafayette raised $16,152 and spent $16,040.[37]

Tenure

In 1993, Brownell made multiple appointments which was illegal under a rarely enforced section of Burlington's city charter which required all officials appointed by the mayor to be voters in Burlington.[38] The city council voted to approve his nomination's despite complaints from councilor Maurice Mahoney.[39]

During his tenure as mayor Brownell made multiple trips to Montpelier to lobby for a $63.9 million capitol construction bill, which included $1.3 million to buy twenty-five acres of waterfront on Lake Champlain from a land trust.[40] The city borrowed $1.2 million from the retirement fund to develop the waterfront which made the city pay $120,000 in interest per year. Brownell proposed leasing three to five acres of the waterfront to pay back the debt.[41] [42]

Brownell's 1993 budget reduced the city's budget by $1 million, eliminated ten positions in the city government, and reduced all general fund operating budgets while increasing property taxes by 2.8%.[43] [44] The budget was approved by the city council by a vote of seven to six.[45] Brownell proposed merging the police and fire departments in 1994, but the city council voted twelve to two against the measure.[46]

On September 27, 1993, the city council voted seven to four in favor of passing legislation to create a new tax to pay for a citywide recycling program. All three Republican members of the city council voted against the tax and Brownell conducted his first veto in office against the legislation. However, the city council voted to overturn his veto on October 12, with only the Republican members voting to sustain his veto.[47] [48]

In the 1993 election the Republicans gained one seat on the city council from the Democrats while the Progressives retained all of their seats bringing the composition of the city council to four Progressive Coalition members, four Democratic members, three Republican members, and two independents.[49] The Republicans lost one seat on the city council in the 1994 election while the Progressive Coalition gained control over the council by expanding their seat total to eight including three independents caucusing with them.[50] [51] During the 1994 elections there were two ballot initiatives to increase taxes, one was a $3.5 tax increase and another was a $1.26 school tax increase, and Brownell supported both ballot measures, but both were defeated in the election.[52] [53] The Republicans gained two seats in the 1995 election.

Vermont Senate

Elections

In 1991, Brownell had considered running for a seat in the Vermont House of Representatives to succeed Helen Riehle.[54] After losing the mayoral election Brownell considered either running for a seat in the Vermont Senate or running for mayor again in the 1997 election.[55] On July 11, 1996, he announced that he would run for one of six seats in the state senate from Chittenden County.[56] [57] Brownell placed second out of eight candidates in the Republican primary and fourth out of twelve candidates in the general election.[58] [59] Brownell spent $11,039 during the campaign.[60]

Brownell ran for reelection in the 1998 election, placed first out of six candidates in the Republican primary, and placed fourth out of fourteen candidates in the general election.[61] [62] Brownell spent $9,051 during the campaign.

During the 2000 election Brownell and other state senators were targeted by Reverend David Stertzbach, an anti-gay pastor, due to Brownell's support for civil unions. Brownell lost renomination in the Republican primary after placing eighth out of eight candidates and it was stated that his defeat was caused by Stertzbach.[63] [64] Representatives John Edwards, Marion Milne, William Fyfe, and Robert Kinsey, who had also supported civil unions, also lost renomination.[65] He chose to not run in the general election as an independent candidate.[66]

Tenure

Brownell endorsed John Carroll for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor during the 1996 election.[67] During his tenure in the state senate Brownell served on the General Affairs and Housing, and Education committees.[68] Brownell considered running for a seat in the United States House of Representatives from Vermont's at-large congressional district in the 2000 election.[69] During the 2000 presidential election Brownell supported Senator John McCain for the Republican nomination and served as McCain's campaign manager in Vermont.[70] [71]

Later life

Brownell's wife served as chair of the Voter Registration Board for three months in 1996, until she was replaced by Kathleen Butler, a member of the Progressive Coalition. His wife stated that she was removed as chair for political reason while Butler stated that Brownell's election as chair was only due to several members being absent. Kurt Wright, a member of the city council, proposed a resolution to call her removal "an extraordinary and high unusual vote", but it failed by a seven to six vote.[72] His wife also served as treasurer of the Burlington Republican Party.[73]

Brownell married Linda B. Anderson on July 8, 2000.[74] Brownell was selected to serve as director of administration for the Vermont State Board of Education in 2001.[75] He declined to run for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in the 2002 election.[76]

Political positions

In 1990, the Burlington city council voted to end the city's advertising in The Burlington Free Press after the newspaper ended negotiations with its union workers. Brownell voted against ending advertisement in the newspapers stating that it was government intrusion into a private business.[77] He supports abortion.

The Burlington city council voted seven to five, with Brownell against, in favor of a resolution opposing military action against Iraq calling for President George H. W. Bush to find avoid military action in the defense of the Gulf countries against Iraq.[78] However, the city council later voted seven to five, with Brownell in favor, in favor of a resolution, which was sponsored by Brownell, praising President Bush and gave support to the United States' soldiers in Saudi Arabia.[79] In 1992, Brownell voted against making Arad, Israel, and Bethlehem sister cities of Burlington stating that he believes that it was "beyond the scope of what a small city should do".[80]

Bronwell supported school choice and was a member of the Vermonters for Educational Choice committee.[81] Brownell and Senator Nancy Chard considered redistricting Vermont's school districts to decrease them from sixty-two to fourteen, which would have been one per county.[82]

The state senate voted seventeen to thirteen, with Brownell against, against legislation to amend the Constitution of Vermont to only allow marriages between one man and one woman.[83] The state senate voted twenty-one to nine, with Brownell against, against amending the Vermont Constitution to overturn a ruling by the Vermont Supreme Court giving same-sex couples the rights and benefits of marriage.[84] The state senate voted nineteen to eleven, with Brownell in favor, in favor of allowing civil unions for same-sex couples.[85]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: December 11, 1989 . Alderman to hear request for sign change . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612195733/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39869530/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  2. News: June 26, 2007 . Mary H. Brownell . 16 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612171324/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79427299/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  3. News: December 28, 2010 . Lincoln C. Brownell . . live . https://archive.today/20210612171911/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/burlingtonfreepress/obituary.aspx?n=lincoln-c-brownell&pid=147463653 . June 12, 2021.
  4. News: April 21, 1997 . Education Awareness . 8 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612171109/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79431681/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  5. News: March 4, 1993 . Wherever he traveled, Brownell came back to Vt. . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612172218/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39880657/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  6. News: January 15, 1993 . Brownell: Candidate challenges growth . 14 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612172914/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39878177/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  7. News: May 9, 1993 . Burlington's New Mayor: Focusing On Business, Jobs . 19 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613115223/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79477610/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  8. News: January 12, 1983 . Ward 6 Picks A Candidate For Alderman . 2 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612185740/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79438341/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  9. News: March 2, 1983 . Brownell Also Wins School Post . 17 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612190251/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39928710/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  10. News: March 6, 1985 . Sanders-Backed Candidates Lose School Board Contests . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612191539/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79439455/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  11. News: January 24, 1986 . City Republicans Nominate Candidates . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612192047/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79439796/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  12. News: January 24, 1988 . Aldermanic races heat up . 23 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612192711/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79440307/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  13. News: November 27, 1984 . Panel Looks for School Tax Hike Cuts . 11 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612190942/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79439112/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  14. News: April 9, 1986 . Burlington School Board Picks Two Chairmen . 14 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612192307/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79440044/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  15. News: September 27, 1989 . Political parties elect new leaders . 20 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612193048/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79440598/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  16. News: November 7, 1989 . Ward 6 hopefuls practice differing politics . 5 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612193349/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79440793/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  17. News: December 6, 1989 . Republican wins Ward 6 race . 13 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612193743/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39869241/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  18. News: November 30, 1989 . Aldermanic candidate Guma outspends foe . 5 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612194150/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79441253/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  19. News: March 7, 1990 . Progressives lose 1 seat in aldermanic race; Mahoney defeats Mahnke . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612204727/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79445514/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  20. News: March 4, 1992 . 1992 election . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612205009/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39877625/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  21. News: May 26, 1993 . Republicans win City Council seat . 13 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612011837/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79403191/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  22. News: April 13, 1990 . Aswad makes aldermanic committee assignments . 5 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613060025/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79466288/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  23. News: April 2, 1992 . Councilor resigns halfway through term . 5 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613061243/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79473393/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  24. News: April 6, 1992 . Councilor who quit wants to participate in leadership vote . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613061555/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79473403/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  25. News: January 24, 1985 . Brian Burns Gets Democrats' Nod . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20201205180728/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64663720/the-burlington-free-press/ . December 5, 2020 . Newspapers.com.
  26. News: January 25, 1987 . Issues, Images Highlight City Mayor Race . 17 . . live . https://archive.today/20201205222501/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64683757/the-burlington-free-press/ . December 5, 2020 . Newspapers.com.
  27. News: January 25, 1989 . GOP supports Northgate tenants . 6 . . live . https://archive.today/20210610021312/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79284335/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 10, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  28. News: March 7, 1991 . Longtime candidate wins school board seat . 14 . . live . https://archive.today/20210611093625/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79293452/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 11, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  29. News: January 15, 1993 . Brownell takes on Clavelle . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612014601/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79404505/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  30. News: January 21, 1993 . Brownell accepts nomination . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612014821/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79404804/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  31. News: March 13, 1993 . Campaign fundraising . 17 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613064908/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79474139/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  32. News: February 26, 1993 . Campaigns take divergent paths . 13 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612020916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79405868/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  33. News: March 3, 1993 . Brownell Wins . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210611022145/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39879920/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 11, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  34. News: March 3, 1993 . Burlington . 8 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612203926/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39880633/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  35. News: February 7, 2018 . The Elephant in the Room: Are Burlington Republicans a Dying Breed? . . live . https://archive.today/20210613023051/https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/the-elephant-in-the-room-are-burlington-republicans-a-dying-breed/Content?oid=12461766 . June 13, 2021.
  36. News: January 10, 1995 . Brownell to seek re-election . 15 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612201717/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39883099/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  37. News: March 21, 1995 . Clavelle coffer tops opponents' . 13 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612202817/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79444290/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  38. News: June 6, 1993 . Appointments defy charter . 9 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613120718/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79477935/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  39. News: June 8, 1993 . Council OKs out-of-town appointments . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613120948/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79477950/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  40. News: April 18, 1993 . Vt. Senate Votes For Waterfront Purchase . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612203402/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39881794/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  41. News: August 19, 1994 . Waterfront vote on horizon . 15 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613132205/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79479956/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  42. News: August 24, 1994 . Brownell grilled on waterfront plan . 11 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613132703/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79480062/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  43. News: April 18, 1993 . Getting back to business . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612203703/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39927394/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  44. News: June 15, 1993 . Brownell presents final budget . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613121147/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79478029/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  45. News: June 28, 1993 . Council to hear budget proposal . 9 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613121600/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79478047/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  46. News: December 20, 1994 . City Council rejects plan to merge departments . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613140450/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79481468/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  47. News: September 28, 1993 . Council OKs recycling tax . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613122839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79478436/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  48. News: October 13, 1993 . Overriding veto, council OKs recycling tax . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613123024/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79478503/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  49. News: March 3, 1993 . GOP adds third seat on council . 8 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612010951/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79402717/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  50. News: March 10, 2002 . City GOP gains spirit, not seats . 11 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613062252/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79426814/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  51. News: March 2, 1994 . Voters Demonstrate Mood of Generosity . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613125208/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79478986/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  52. News: January 21, 1994 . Brownell supports 6¢ tax increase . 15 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613125747/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79479286/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  53. News: March 2, 1994 . Tax measures go down to defeat in Burlington . 17 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613130006/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79479292/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  54. News: December 12, 1991 . State representative to leave her district . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613060900/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79473302/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  55. News: February 13, 1996 . Ex-Mayor Brownell considers run for state Senate . 2 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612155023/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79427514/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  56. News: July 12, 1996 . Brownell runs for Senate . 21 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612155259/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79427634/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  57. News: July 16, 1996 . Chittenden County . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612155517/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79427694/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  58. News: 1996 Chittenden County Republican Senate primary . . live . https://archive.today/20210612160748/https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/elections/view/138947/ . June 12, 2021.
  59. News: 1996 Chittenden County Senate election . . live . https://archive.today/20210612161040/https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/elections/view/77635/ . June 12, 2021.
  60. News: August 14, 2000 . Chittenden spending . 8 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612183350/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79436891/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  61. News: 1998 Chittenden County Republican Senate primary . . live . https://archive.today/20210612173544/https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/elections/view/138982/ . June 12, 2021.
  62. News: 1998 Chittenden County Senate election . . live . https://archive.today/20210612173750/https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/elections/view/77512/ . June 12, 2021.
  63. News: April 12, 2002 . Douglas condemns tactics of anti-civil union pastor . 3 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612153830/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79426966/the-brattleboro-reformer/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  64. News: 2000 Chittenden County Republican Senate primary . . live . https://archive.today/20210612164106/https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/elections/view/139485/ . June 12, 2021.
  65. News: September 13, 2000 . Outcomes to consider . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612184802/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79437782/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  66. News: September 15, 2000 . Election: Defeated consider another run . 22 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612184802/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79437782/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  67. News: September 4, 1996 . Republicans . 11 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612155939/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79427894/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  68. News: January 11, 1997 . Senate committee assignments . 16 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612163811/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79429856/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  69. News: March 13, 1999 . Sanders' Political Plans for 2000 Open Floodgates . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612181716/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79435776/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  70. News: March 8, 2000 . McCain 4-For-5 In New England . . live . https://archive.today/20210612173256/https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2000-03-08-0003080011-story.html . June 12, 2021.
  71. News: December 18, 1999 . Vt. voters can get close look at McCain . 15 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612181937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79435904/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  72. News: October 1, 1996 . Resolution sends council into political infighting . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612160608/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79428179/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  73. News: September 21, 1997 . Political committees choose local officers . 12 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612183959/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79437303/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  74. News: August 20, 2000 . Brownell-Anderson . 45 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612183703/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79436989/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  75. News: March 3, 2001 . Peter Brownell named to Education Department . 16 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612152650/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79426430/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  76. News: October 5, 2001 . Voyer considers run for lieutenant governor post . 16 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612153404/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79426657/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  77. News: April 4, 1997 . Burlington Council Votes to Pull City Ads From the Free Press . 14 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612205241/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39870699/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  78. News: December 18, 1990 . Council urges peace in Gulf . 5 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613024942/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79466265/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  79. News: February 12, 1991 . Clavelle threatens veto of Gulf-support resolution . 15 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613060359/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79473171/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  80. News: August 19, 1992 . Sister city agreements approved . 13 . . live . https://archive.today/20210613061910/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79473514/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 13, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  81. News: April 2, 1997 . Choice Advocates Warn That Proposal Will Limit Options . 1 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612165010/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79430506/rutland-daily-herald/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  82. News: April 4, 1997 . Children before money . 12 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612165321/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79430686/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  83. News: April 19, 2000 . Marriage amendment . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612182619/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79436301/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  84. News: April 19, 2000 . Overturning verdict . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612182809/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79436336/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.
  85. News: April 19, 2000 . On civil unions . 4 . . live . https://archive.today/20210612183145/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79436320/the-burlington-free-press/ . June 12, 2021 . Newspapers.com.

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