Pestalotiopsis Explained

Pestalotiopsis is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the Sporocadaceae family.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by René Leopold Alix Ghislain Jules Steyaert in Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. vol.19 on page 300 in 1949.

The genus name of Pestalotiopsis is in honour of Fortunato Pestalozza (died 1878), who was an Italian botanist and doctor who worked in Constantinople and Antalya.[2]

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Pestalotiopsis and allied genera has been calculated from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters in 2002.[3]

The sexual state of Pesalotiopsis is Pestalosphaeria, which was introduced by Barr (in 1975) with the type species Pestalosphaeria concentrica. This species was isolated from the grey-brown spots on the living leaves of Rhododendron maximum growing in North Carolina, USA.[4]

Hosts

Some species of Pestalotiopsis are confirmed to cause human and animal diseases. For example, Pestalotiopsis spp. have been isolated from a bronchial biopsy, corneal abrasions, eyes, feet, fingernails, scalp, and sinuses from the human body.[5] In 2013, the first case of fungal keratitis caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora was recorded.[6]

Pestalotiopsis species are known as plant pathogens, common endophytes or saprobes in a variety of hosts and environments. The species of fungi within this genus are normally considered as secondary pathogens that can be responsible for a variety of plant diseases, including cankers, dieback, leaf spots, needle blight, tip blight, grey blight, severe chlorosis, fruit rots and various other post-harvest diseases.[7] [8] [9] Pestalotiopsis species occur as generalist endophytes in trees of Western Ghats forests of southern India.[10] In Chile, Pestalotiopsis clavispora and other Pestalotiopsis spp. causes postharvest stem end rot on avocado plants.[11] Pestalotiopsis spp. also cause leaf spot on Japanese persimmon.[12]

19 different Pestalotiopsis species have been found as endophytes from bark and needles of Pinus armandii . in China.[13] Botella and Diez reported the isolation of a Pestalotiopsis sp. from Pinus halepensis in Spain,[14] and Maharachchikumbura et al. referred to a Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from a Pinus sp. in China.[15] Pestalotiopsis species have also been isolated as endophytes from pine seeds of Pinus armandii in Yunnan province, China,[16] and several other pine species across Europe and North America.[17] Then in 2020, Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov., was found as an emerging pathogen on Stone Pine (Pinus pinea) and on Pinus pinaster in Portugal.[18]

A new species of Pestalotiopsis from leaf spots on Licuala grandis from Hainan, China was found in 2013.[19]

Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis species were noted as causal agents of guava scab in Colombia.[20]

In 2018, the first report of leaf spot disease of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. occurred in India.[21]

In 2021, the first sighting of Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis causing leaf spot on Eurya nitida occurred in China.[22] In the same year, Pestalotiopsis kenyana was found to cause leaf spot disease on Zanthoxylum schinifolium (a species of prickly ash) in Sichuan Province, China.[23]

Uses

Some members of the genus are able to grow on the synthetic polymer polyurethane as the sole carbon source under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, hence show promise as a form of bioremediation for waste reduction.[24]

Some members of the genus are able to produce taxol.[25]

In 2009, Chloropestolide A, an anti-tumor metabolite was found in Pestalotiopsis fici.[26] [27]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;[28]

Taxonomy

A phylogenetic analysis in 2013 with some of the Pestalotiopsis species are found in the following tree:[29]

See also

Other sources

Notes and References

  1. 6 . Wijayawardene . Nalin . Hyde . Kevin . Laith Khalil Tawfeeq . Al-Ani . Somayeh . Dolatabadi . Stadler . Marc . Haelewaters . Danny . Tsurykau . Andrei . Mesic . Armin . Navathe . Sudhir . Papp . Viktor . Oliveira Fiuza . Patrícia . Vázquez . Víctor . Gautam . Ajay . Becerra . Alejandra G. . Ekanayaka . Anusha . K. C. . Rajeshkumar . Bezerra . Jadson . Matočec . Neven . Maharachchikumbura . Sajeewa . Suetrong . Satinee . 2020 . Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa . Mycosphere . 11 . 1060–1456 . 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . free. 10481/61998 . free .
  2. Book: Burkhardt, Lotte . Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen . Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin . 2022 . 978-3-946292-41-8 . pdf . German . Berlin . 10.3372/epolist2022 . 246307410 . January 27, 2022.
  3. Jeewon . R. . Liew . E.C.Y. . Hyde . Kevin D. . Phylogenetic relationships of Pestalotiopsis and allied genera inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters. . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 2002 . 25 . 3 . 378–392 . 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00422-0.
  4. Maharachchikumbura . S.S.N. . Hyde . K.D. . Groenewald . J.Z. . Xu . J. . Crous . P.W. . Pestalotiopsis revisited . Studies in Mycology . September 2014 . 79 . 121–186.
  5. Sutton . D.A. . Coelomycetous fungi in human disease. A review: Clinical entities, pathogenesis, identification and therapy. . Rev. Iberoam. Micol . 1999 . 16 . 171–179.
  6. Monden . Y. . Yamamoto . S. . Sunada . A. . Asari . S. . Makimura . K. . Inoue . Y. . First case of fungal keratitis caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora. . Clin. Ophthalmol. . 2013 . 7 . 2261–2264.
  7. Espinoza . J.G. . Briceño . E.X. . Keith . L.M. . Latorre . B.A. . Canker and twig dieback of blueberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and a Truncatella sp. in Chile. . Plant Dis. . 2008 . 92 . 1407–1414.
  8. Lorenzini . M. . Zapparoli . G. . Identification of Pestalotiopsis bicilita, Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe eres causing fruit rot in withered grapes in Italy. . Eur. J. Plant Pathol. . 2018 . 151 . 1089–1093.
  9. Maharachchikumbura . S. . Larignon . P. . Hyde . K. . Al-Sadi . A. . Liu . Z.-Y. . Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in France. . Phytopathol. Mediterr. . 2017 . 55 . 380–390.
  10. Reddy . M.S. . Murali . T.S. . Suryanarayanan . T.S. . Rajulu . M.B.G. . Thirunavukkarasu . N. . Pestalotiopsis species occur as generalist endophytes in trees of Western Ghats forests of southern India. . Fungal Ecology . 2016 . 24 . 70‑75 . 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.09.002.
  11. Valencia . A. L. . Torres . R. . Latorre . B. A. . First report of Pestalotiopsis clavispora and Pestalotiopsis spp. causing postharvest stem end rot of avocado in Chile. . Plant Dis. . 2011 . 95 . 4 . 492 . 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0844. free .
  12. Yasuda . F. . Kobayashi . T. . Watanabe . H. . Izawa . H. . Addition of Pestalotiopsis spp. to leaf spot pathogens of Japanese persimmon. . J. Gen. Plant Pathol. . 2003 . 69 . 29–32 . 10.1007/s10327-002-0011-1.
  13. Hu . H. . Jeewon . R. . Zhou . D. . Zhou . T. . Hyde . K.D. . Phylogenetic diversity of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species in Pinus armandii and Ribes spp.: Evidence from rDNA and β-Tubulin gene phylogenies. . Fungal Divers. . 2007 . 24 . 1–22.
  14. Botella . L. . Javier Diez . J. . Phylogenic diversity of fungal endophytes in Spanish stands of Pinus halepensis. . Fungal Divers. . 2011 . 47 . 9–18.
  15. Maharachchikumbura . S.S.N. . Hyde . K.D. . Groenewald . J.Z. . Xu . J. . Crous . P.W. . Pestalotiopsis Revisited. . Stud. Mycol. . 2014 . 79 . 121–186.
  16. Tibpromma . S. . Mortimer . P.E. . Karunarathna . S.C. . Zhan . F. . Xu . J. . Promputtha . I. . Yan . K. . Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal Pestalotiopsis pinicola sp. nov. and a new host record of Cladosporium anthropophilum from edible pine (Pinus armandii) seeds in Yunnan province, China. . Pathogens . 2019 . 8 . 285.
  17. Cleary . M. . Oskay . F. . Doğmuş . H.T. . Lehtijärvi . A. . Woodward . S. . Vettraino . A.M. . Cryptic risks to forest biosecurity associated with the global movement of commercial seed. . Forests . 2019 . 10 . 459.
  18. Silva . Ana Cristina . Diogo . Eugénio . Henriques . Joana . Ramos . Ana Paula . Sandoval-Denis . Marcelo . Crous . Pedro W. . Bragança . Helena . Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov., an Emerging Pathogen on Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) . Forests . 2020 . 11 . 8 . 805 . 10.3390/f11080805 . free . 10400.5/20420 . free .
  19. Geng . K . Zhang . B. . Song . Y. . Hyde . Kevin D. . Kang . J.C. . Wang . Y. . A new species of Pestalotiopsis from leaf spots of Licuala grandis from Hainan, China. . Phytotaxa . 2013 . 88 . 3 . 49–54 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.88.3.2. free .
  20. Solarte . F. . Munoz . C.G. . Maharachchikumbura . S.S.N. . Alvarez . E. . Diversity of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis spp., causal agents of guava scab in Colombia. . Plant Disease . 2018 . 102 . 1 . 49–59 . 10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0068-RE. free .
  21. Banerjee . A. . Mandal . R. . Nath . P.S. . First report of leaf spot disease of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. in India . New Disease Reports . 2018 . 37 . 14 . 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2018.037.014. free .
  22. Qiu . L. . Liu . J. . Kuang . W. . Zhang . K. . Ma . J. . First Report of Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis Causing Leaf Spot on Eurya nitida in China. . Plant Dis. . Aug 18, 2021 . 106 . 329 . 10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1170-PDN.
  23. Liu . C. . Luo . F . Zhu . T. . Han . S. . Li . S. . Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Pestalotiopsis kenyana on Zanthoxylum schinifolium in Sichuan Province, China. . Plant Dis. . 24 May 2021 . 105 . 11 . 3747 . 10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2247-PDN. free .
  24. 10.1128/AEM.00521-11. 21764951. 3165411. Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77. 17. 6076–6084. 2011. Russell. Jonathan R.. Huang. Jeffrey. Anand. Pria. Kucera. Kaury. Sandoval. Amanda G.. Dantzler. Kathleen W.. Hickman. Dashawn. Jee. Justin. Kimovec. Farrah M.. Koppstein. David. Marks. Daniel H.. Mittermiller. Paul A.. Núñez. Salvador Joel. Santiago. Marina. Townes. Maria A.. Vishnevetsky. Michael. Williams. Neely E.. Vargas. Mario Percy Núñez. Boulanger. Lori-Ann. Bascom-Slack. Carol. Strobel. Scott A.. 2011ApEnM..77.6076R .
  25. Gangadevi V, Murugan M, Muthumary J . Taxol determination from Pestalotiopsis pauciseta, a fungal endophyte of a medicinal plant. . Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao . 2008 . 24 . 8 . 1433–8 . 10.1016/s1872-2075(08)60065-5. 18998547 .
  26. Liu . L. . Li . Y. . Liu . S.C. . Zheng . Z.H. . Chen . X.L. . Zhang . H. . Guo . L.D. . Che . Y.S. . Chloropestolide A, an antitumor metabolite with an unprecedented spiroketal skeleton from Pestalotiopsis fici . Organic Letters . 2009 . 11 . 13 . 2836–2839 . 10.1021/ol901039m.
  27. Zhang . Peng . Wang . Xiuna . Fan . Aili . Zheng . Yanjing . Liu . Xingzhong . Wang . Shihua . Zou . Huixi . Oakley . Berl R. . Keller . Nancy P. . Yin . Wen-Bing . A cryptic pigment biosynthetic pathway uncovered by heterologous expression is essential for conidial development in Pestalotiopsis fici . Molecular Microbiology . August 2017 . 105 . 3 . 469–483 . 10.1111/mmi.13711. free .
  28. Web site: Pestalotiopsis - Search Page . www.speciesfungorum.org . Species Fungorum . 16 February 2023.
  29. Song. Yu. Geng. Kun. Hyde. Kevin D.. Zhao. Wen-Sheng. Wei. Ji-Guang. Kang. Ji-Chuan. Wang. Yong. Two new species of Pestalotiopsis from Southern China. Phytotaxa. 26 August 2013. 126. 1. 22–30. 10.11646/phytotaxa.126.1.2. en. 1179-3163. 5148802110.
  30. Wang . B. . Zhang . Z.W. . Guo . L.D. . Liu . L. . New cytotoxic meroterpenoids from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. . Helvetica Chimica Acta . 2016 . 99 . 2 . 151–156 . 10.1002/hlca.201500197.
  31. Zhang . Shu . Wang . Xiu-Na . Zhang . Xiao-Ling . Liu . Xing-Zhong . Zhang . Yong-Jie . Complete mitochondrial genome of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici: features and evolution . Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . 2017 . 101 . 1593–1604.

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