Law of Peru explained

The law of Peru includes a constitution and legislation. The law of Perú is part of the Roman-Germanic tradition that concedes the utmost importance to the written law, therefore, statutes known as leyes are the primary source of the law.

Constitution

See main article: Constitution of Peru. The present constitution is that of 31 December 1993..

Legislation

The legislature is Congreso de la República del Perú. The gazette is called El Peruano, Diario Oficial.^[1] Legislation includes instruments called laws (Spanish: ley) and decrees (Spanish: decreto)

List of legislation

No Longer in force:

• Penal Code of 1836
• Penal Code of 28 July 1924
• Civil Code of 1936
• Civil Procedure Code of 1912
• Constitution of 1978
• Commerce Code of 1902 (Only partially in force).

Currently in force:

• Civil Code of 1984 (Código Civil)
• Code of Criminal Procedure of 1940 (Only for Lima)
• Penal Code of 8 April 1991 (Legislative Decree No 635)
• Decree Law 25418 of April 1992
• Legislative Decree No 822 of 23 April 1996
• Code of Criminal Procedure of 22 July 2004 (Legislative Decree No 957)
• General Law of the Administrative Proceedings (Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General No Ley 27444).
• Law of Smuggling (Mainly for Smuggling of objects and never human smuggling) in Spanish as Ley de los delitos aduaneros No Ley 28008

Courts and judiciary

See main article: Judiciary of Peru. There is a Supreme Court and there are Superior Courts,^[2] Courts of First Instance^[3] and Courts of Peace.^[2] There was formerly a Real Audiencia of Lima.

Legal practitioners

There is a College of Advocates of Lima (Spanish: Colegio de Abogados de Lima).^[4] since 1811.^[5] The college has been equated with a bar association.^[6] Legislation relevant to advocates has included decrees of 6 April 1837, 31 March 1838, 27 April 1848, and laws of 8 January 1848 and 21 October 1851.^[7]

Criminal law

See also: Murder (Peruvian law) and Capital punishment in Peru. There is a Penal Code (Spanish: Código Penal). The Penal Code of 1836^[8] was the country's first.^[9] The Penal Code of 28 July 1924 was replaced by the Penal Code of 8 April 1991 (Legislative Decree No 635).^{[10] [11] [12]}

The Code of Criminal Procedure of 1940 was partially superseded by the Code of Criminal Procedure of 22 July 2004 (Legislative Decree 957)^[13]

Mining

According to Guillaume, the mining laws of Peru were reformed by a new law passed by Congress, in January 1877, which reformed the old laws very considerably, establishing a new basis for mining property, and introducing other important reforms for the protection of this industry. The mining laws of various nations were studied, and the new laws were, in part, based upon the law then in force in Spain.^[14]

Copyright

See main article: Copyright law of Peru. As to copyright, see Legislative Decree No 822 of 23 April 1996.

Tax

See main article: Taxation in Peru. Taxes of the central government as Income Tax and Sales Tax are collected by the National Administration named SUNAT(Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria).

Other history

See the New Laws of 1542.

See also

• Peruvian nationality law

References

• Peru. Guide to Law Online. Law Library of Congress.
• Helen Lord Clagett. A Guide to the Law and Legal Literature of Peru. Library of Congress. Washington. 1947. HathiTrust
• David M Valderrama. Law & Legal Literature of Peru: A Revised Guide. Second Edition. (Latin American series, volume 39). Library of Congress. US Government Printing Office. Washington. 1976. HathiTrust Google Books
• José Antonio Honda. Energy Law in Peru. Kluwer Law International, Wolters Kluwer. 2010. Google Books
• Alfredo Bullard Gonzalez. Competition Law in Peru. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. 2017. . Google Books
• A D Garman. Mining Laws of Peru. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Mines. 1929. (Information Circular, volume 6216). Google Books
• Roger Daniel Moore, Joaquin Servera and James La Salle Brown. Trading under the Laws of Peru. US Government Printing Office. 1930. Google Books
• Lynn Bartlett. Labor law and Practice in Peru. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1968. (Issue 338 of BLS Report). Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=0vVkAAAAMAAJ https://books.google.com/books?id=-yVC1K-d2cwC
• Jorge Eugenio Castañeda. A Reference to the Laws of Peru in Matters Affecting Business in Various Aspects and Activities. Inter-American Development Commission. 1947. Google Books
• Hernando de Lavalle. A Statement of the Laws of Peru in Matters Affecting Business. Fourth Edition. General Secretariat, Organization of American States. 1973. Third Edition. 1962. Google Books

Notes and References

1. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/guide/nations/peru.php Peru
2. "Peru". Guide to International Legal Research. LexisNexis. Butterworths Legal Publishers. 2009. . para [ix] on p 588.
3. Jacqueline West (ed). "Judicial System". South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2003. (Regional Surveys of the World). Europa Publications, Taylor and Francis Group. London and New York. p 681
4. http://www.cal.org.pe/ Colegio de Abogados de Lima
5. "When Was Your Bar Association Organized?" (1951) 37 ABA Journal 284.
6. http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/52850.html Peru: Lawyers
7. Felipe Bailly. "Abogados" in "Indice". Coleccion de Leyes, Decretos y Ordenes publicadas en el Peru desde el año de 1821 hasta 31 de Diciembre de 1859. Reprinted for D Juan Oviedo. Lima. 1864. p 574.
8. Codigo penal Santa-Cruz, del Estado Sud-Peruano. Edicion Oficial. Eusebio Aranda. Lima. 1836. Google Books
9. "Penal Code". Area Handbook for Peru. Second Edition. US Government Printing Office. (DA pam, volume 550, issue 42). (Area handbook series). 1972. p 341. Google Books
10. Rex A. Hudson. "Penal Code". Peru: A Country Study. Fourth Edition. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. 1993. p 313. Google Books
11. CTIA: Consolidated Treaties and International Agreements 2009. Oceana. vol 2. p 380
12. Franciszek Przetacznik. Protection of Officials of Foreign States According to International Law. Brill. 1983. p 72.
13. http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp%3Fid%3D8223 Peru: Code of Criminal Procedure
14. Herbert Guillaume. "The Mining Laws of Peru". The Amazon Provinces of Peru as a Field for European Emigration. Wyman and Sons. 1894. Page 178.Internet Archive Google Books