| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 2015 |
| Citation: | SI 2015/596 |
| Territorial Extent: | England |
| Si Made Date: | 18 March 2015 |
| Si Laid Date: | 24 March 2015 |
| Commencement: | 15 April 2015 |
| Status: | amended |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/596/contents/made |
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1995 |
| Citation: | SI 1995/418 |
| Territorial Extent: | Wales |
| Si Made Date: | 22 February 1995 |
| Si Laid Date: | 6 March 1995 |
| Commencement: | 3 June 1995 |
| Status: | amended |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/418/contents/made |
The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 (the "GPDO 2015") is a statutory instrument, applying in England, that grants planning permission for certain types of development without the requirement for approval from the local planning authority (such development is then referred to as permitted development).
Schedule 2 of the GPDO 2015 specifies the classes of development for which planning permission is granted, and specifies the exceptions, limitations, and conditions that apply to some of these classes. The GPDO 2015 was made by the Secretary of State under authority granted by sections 59,[1] 60,[2] and 333[3] of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, and section 54 of the Coal Industry Act 1994.[4] The Order revokes and replaces the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995. [5]
The GPDO 2015 came into force in England on 15 April 2015, and was introduced by Statutory Instrument 2015 No. 596.[6] The GPDO 2015 revoked the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 (SI 1995/418) (the "GPDO 1995"), in England, which was the previous version of the legislation, and which remains current in Wales.
Since it came into force, the GPDO 2015 has been amended by a number of subsequent statutory instruments, including SI 2016/332,[7] SI 2016/1040,[8] SI 2017/391,[9] SI 2017/619,[10] SI 2018/343,[11] SI 2019/907,[12] SI 2020/330,[13] SI 2020/412,[14] and SI 2020/632.[15]
The website www.legislation.gov.uk, which is delivered by the National Archives, provides the original ("as made") version of the GPDO 2015, but states that UK statutory instruments are not carried in their "revised" form on the website.
The earlier version of the legislation, the GPDO 1995, came into force on 3 June 1995.[16] The GPDO 1995 has been amended by a number of subsequent statutory instruments. With respect to England, the Planning Jungle website states that the GPDO 1995 was amended by a total of 37 subsequent statutory instruments.[17]
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1988 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1988 |
| Citation: | SI 1988/1813 |
| Territorial Extent: | England and Wales |
| Si Made Date: | 21 October 1988 |
| Si Laid Date: | 31 October 1988 |
| Commencement: | 5 December 1988 |
| Status: | revoked |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1988/1813/contents/made |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1977 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1977 |
| Territorial Extent: | England and Wales |
| Si Made Date: | 22 February 1977 |
| Si Laid Date: | 8 March 1977 |
| Commencement: | 29 March 1977 |
| Status: | revoked |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1977/289/pdfs/uksi_19770289_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1973 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1973 |
| Territorial Extent: | England and Wales |
| Status: | revoked |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1963 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1963 |
| Territorial Extent: | England and Wales |
| Status: | revoked |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1959 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1959 |
| Territorial Extent: | England and Wales |
| Status: | revoked |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Short Title: | Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1948 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1948 |
| Citation: | SI 1948/958 |
| Territorial Extent: | England and Wales |
| Status: | revoked |
| Collapsed: | yes |
The following list shows all of the versions of the GPDO from 1948 to present:
Schedule 2 specifies the classes of development for which planning permission is granted, and specifies the exceptions, limitations, and conditions that apply to some of these classes. These classes are contained within the following 20 "Parts":
The phrase "permitted development" is often used to refer to Schedule 2 Part 1, which relates to "Development within the curtilage of a dwellinghouse".[18]
With respect to England, householder permitted development is set out by Schedule 2 Part 1 of the GPDO 2015, as introduced on 15 April 2015 by SI 2015 No. 596, then amended on 6 April 2016 by SI 2016 No. 332, then amended on 6 April 2017 by SI 2017 No. 391, then amended on 1 June 2018 by SI 2018 No. 119, then amended on 25 May 2019 by SI 2019 No. 907, and then amended on 1 August 2020 by SI 2020 No. 632
In September 2008, the Department for Communities and Local Government ("DCLG") published a document titled Guidance on the permeable surfacing of front gardens, which provides advice about how to interpret Part 1 Class F. This document was subsequently updated in May 2009.
In August 2010, DCLG published a document titled Permitted development rights for householders: technical guidance, which provides advice about how to interpret Part 1. This document was subsequently updated in January 2013, October 2013, April 2014, April 2016, April 2017, and September 2019.
In May 2013, DCLG published a document titled "Home Extensions - Neighbour Consultation Scheme", which provided advice about the system of larger rear extensions under Part 1 Class A. This document was subsequently updated in June 2013 and June 2015. In March 2016, this document was replaced by a document published by the Planning Portal (see below).
In May 2014, DCLG published the "Planning practice guidance",[19] which includes a section titled "What are permitted development rights?".[20] This website is updated on an ongoing basis.
In March 2016, the Planning Portal published a document titled "Notification of a proposed larger Home Extension", which provides advice about the system of larger rear extensions under Part 1 Class A. This document was subsequently updated in May 2019, August 2019, and November 2019. The current version of this document is titled Application to determine if prior approval is required for a proposed: Larger Home Extension.
In the above "Permitted development rights for householders: technical guidance" document, the 8 classes of Schedule 2 Part 1 are described as follows:
For the above legislation, public consultations were undertaken from 21 May 2007 to 17 August 2007,[21] from 12 November 2012 to 24 December 2012,[22] from 31 July 2014 to 26 September 2014,[23] and from 29 October 2018 to 14 January 2019.[24]
Some changes of use are subject to a prior approval procedure with the local planning authority (LPA). This seeks approval of various matters, dependent on the nature of the use, but might typically include matters relating to transport and highways impacts, contamination risks, and flooding risks. For example, in the case of a change of use to A3 (restaurant and cafes) under Part 3 Class C, the developer needs to apply to the LPA with respect to transport and highways impacts, noise impacts, odour impacts, the impacts of storage and handling of waste, the impacts of the hours of opening, the impacts on adequate provision of services and (if applicable) the sustainability of a key shopping area, and (in the case of building or other operations) siting, design or external appearance.
Permitted development rights currently exist for the change of use of premises from B1(a) (offices) to C3 (dwellinghouses). This is subject to prior approval with respect to transport and highways impacts, contamination risks, flooding risks, and the impacts of noise from commercial premises on the intended occupiers of the development. For development that's assessed against the pre-06/04/2016 version of this class, the use of the building within C3 must begin on or before 30 May 2016, (see Schedule 2, Part 3, Class O) whereas for development that's assessed against the 06/04/2016 version of this Class the development must be completed within 3 years starting with the prior approval date. (see article 7) Some local authorities have removed permitted development rights from areas within their boroughs via an article 4 directions.
With respect to Wales, householder permitted development is set out by Schedule 2 Part 1 of the GPDO 1995, as amended on 30 September 2013 by Statutory Instrument 2013 No. 1776.
In July 2013, the Welsh Government published a document titled "Technical Guidance: Permitted development for householders",[25] which provides advice about how to interpret Part 1. This document was subsequently updated in April 2014.
For the above legislation, a public consultation was undertaken from 23 November 2010 to 15 February 2011.[26]
With respect to England, Schedule 2 Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 16 were amended on 30 May 2013 by SI 2013 No. 1101, Part 16 was amended on 21 August 2013 by SI 2013 No. 1868, Part 11 was amended on 1 October 2013 by SI 2013 No. 2147 and by SI 2013 No. 2435, Parts 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 were amended on 6 April 2014 by SI 2014 No. 564, Parts 3, 4, and 11 were amended on 6 April 2015 by SI 2015 No. 659, all Parts were amended on 15 April 2015 by SI 2015 No. 596, Parts 1, 3, 4, and 17 were amended on 6 April 2016 by SI 2016 No. 332, Part 16 was amended on 24 November 2016 by SI 2016 No. 1040, Parts 1, 4, 7, 14, and 15 were amended on 6 April 2017 by SI 2017 No. 391, Parts 3, 4, and 11 were amended on 23 May 2017 by SI 2017 No. 619, Parts 3, 6, 9, and 16 were amended on 6 April 2018 by SI 2018 No. 343, Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 16 were amended on 25 May 2019 by SI 2019 No. 907, Part 4 was amended on 24 March 2020 by SI 2020 No. 330, Part 12A was introduced on 9 April 2020 by SI 2020 No. 412, and Parts 3, 4, 12 were amended and Part 20 was introduced on 25 June 2020 and 1 August 2020 by SI 2020 No. 632.
For the above changes, public consultations were undertaken from 8 April 2011 to 30 June 2011,[27] from 3 July 2012 to 11 September 2012,[28] from 12 November 2012 to 24 December 2012,[29] from 3 May 2013 to 14 June 2013,[30] from 6 August 2013 to 15 October 2013,[31] from 31 July 2014 to 26 September 2014,[23] from 5 March 2015 to 16 April 2015,[32] from 13 August 2015 to 24 September 2015,[33] and from 18 February 2016 to 15 April 2016,[34] and from 29 October 2018 to 14 January 2019.[35]
On 25 May 2019 Housing Minister Kit Malthouse MP announced that temporary changes to Permitted Development Rights, in place since 2012 and due to expire on 30 May 2019, would become permanent.[36] In effect the new legislation means home owners can build up to 8 metres projection from the rear wall if building on a detached property (rather than the previous 4 metres) and 6 metres if attached (rather than the previous 3 metres) as Permitted Development. The height restrictions remain at 3 metres height to eaves and 4 metres overall height.[37]
Some local planning authorities resisted the office-to-residential rights and brought in Article 4 Directions so these rights do not apply to certain areas within:[38]
In August 2021, the Government replaced Class O Permitted Development Rights with Class MA Permitted Development Rights (see below). The Government announced that local planning authorities that have an existing Article 4 Direction which restricts the change of use from office space to residential space (under the old O class) would remain valid until 31st July 2022. After this date, local planning authorities would need to reinstate an Article 4 Direction to resist the conversion of commercial properties to residential use. Many such as St Albans City and District Council have not reinstated these directions.[39]
In August 2021, the Government introduced a powerful new Permitted Development Right which allows the change of use of commercial properties within Use Class E to residential uses, without the need for full planning permission, subject to complying with some limitations and criteria.[40] The intention of this Permitted Development Right is twofold; to provide some much needed housing on brownfield sites: and to revive England's high streets by bringing vacant units back into use.
The changes have been met with some resistance by Councils and academics, with some concerned that the quality of housing produced is short of standards which would otherwise be allowed.[41]
In March 2024, the Government made changes to further encourage uptake of Class MA Permitted Development Rights. Since the 5th March 2024, buildings no longer need to have been vacant (whereas before they needed to have been vacant for at least 3 months), and there is no limit on the size of properties that can be converted (whereas before the space to be converted needed to be 1,500 sq meters or less).[42]
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, restaurants, cafes and pubs are allowed to provide takeaway food without specific planning permission.[43]