Windward Performance Perlan II explained

The Windward Performance Perlan 2 (English: Pearl) is an American mid-wing, two-seats-in-tandem, pressurized, experimental research glider that was designed by Greg Cole and built by Windward Performance for the Perlan Project.^[1]

The aircraft first flew on 23 September 2015 at Redmond Municipal Airport, Oregon.

Design and development

The Perlan 2 is a follow-up design to the successful Perlan 1 and has as its design goal a flight exceeding 900000NaN0 in altitude. The project's goals include science, engineering and education. The aircraft will be used to study the northern polar vortex and its influence on global weather patterns. The program also hopes to beat the 85,069 ft altitude record set in 1975 by an SR-71.^[2]

The aircraft is made from composites. Its 83.832NaN2 span wing has a high aspect ratio of 27.1 and is equipped with airbrakes. The pressurization system produces an 8.5 psi differential, and the two-person crew will not wear pressure suits. The landing gear is a fixed monowheel gear. Because the aircraft will operate at extreme altitudes, in only 3% of sea level atmospheric pressure, it will also be flying at true airspeeds in excess of 0.5 Mach. The aircraft was designed to minimize flutter and manage shock wave formation.

The original funding for the Perlan Project was provided by Steve Fossett and he flew the Perlan 1, along with test pilot Einar Enevoldson to a glider altitude record of 507610NaN0 in the mountain waves of El Calafate, Argentina on 30 August 2006. Fossett was killed in a light aircraft crash a year later and the project floundered without funding. Since then more than US$2.8M has been raised to build the Perlan 2, including a donation from Dennis Tito. In November 2013, a crowd-funding effort was undertaken. In August 2014 Airbus became a partner in the project.^[3]

The Perlan 2 first flew in 2015 and started with flights in the U.S. Sierra Nevada mountain wave. The record setting and research flights started in southern Argentina in 2016,^[4] by Einar Envoldson or Perrenod using rebreather oxygen systems.^[5] The aircraft was displayed at AirVenture in July 2015.^{[6] [7] [5]}

On 3 September 2017 Perlan II, flown by Jim Payne and Morgan Sandercock, reached an altitude of 521720NaN0, establishing a new world record.^{[8] [9]}

On 2 September 2018, Jim Payne and Tim Gardner reached an altitude of, surpassing the attained by Jerry Hoyt on April 17, 1989, in a Lockheed U-2: the highest subsonic flight.^[10]

Notes and References

1. Staff report, The Perlan 2 project continues to develop, pages 24-25. FreeFlight, the Journal of the Soaring Association of Canada, Autumn, 2011.
2. Web site: Gliding To The Edge Of Space. 15 November 2013.
3. Web site: Airbus To Join Perlan Project. AVweb. 28 July 2015.
4. Web site: Perlan 2 Glider Getting Set For First Flight. aero-news.net.
5. Web site: The Edge of Space: Airbus' Perlan 2 Aims to Break World Altitude Record . World Industrial Reporter.
6. Web site: New Perlan Glider Debuts At Oshkosh. AVweb. 28 July 2015.
7. Web site: High Hopes: Airbus Perlan Mission II Glider Built to Become 'Highest-Flying Winged Aircraft Ever' to Attempt Historic First Flight. Marketwire.
8. Web site: Airbus Perlan Mission II - World Record Flight Perlan Project. www.perlanproject.org. en. 2017-09-04.
9. Web site: Soaring Altitude Record Set. 4 September 2017. AVweb. 3 September 2017.
10. Airbus Perlan Mission II glider soars to 76,000 feet to break own altitude record, surpassing even U-2 reconnaissance plane . 3 September 2018 . Airbus.