Peristedion Explained

Peristedion is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. These fishes are found in Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific ocean waters.

Taxonomy

Peristedion was first described as a genus in 1801 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Peristedion marmalat from the Mediterranean Sea and the Moluccas. In 1826 Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent designated P. marmalat as the type species of the genus. P. marmalat is now treated as a junior synonym of Carl Linnaeus's Trigla cataphracta, which he described from the Mediterranean Sea off southern France. Within the family Peristediidae there are 2 clades. One, which contains Peristedion, is a monotypic clade, while the other clade is made up of the remaining 5 genera of the Peristediidae.[1] The name of the genus Peristedion is a combination of peri, meaning "around", and stedion, which is a diminutive of stethos, which is Greek for "breast" or "chest", an allusion to the bony plates lining the underside of the body, similar to a plastron, the feature Lacépède use to distinguish Peristidion from Trigla.[2]

Species

Peristedion currently contains 24 recognized species:

Characteristics

Peristedion armoured gurnards have a ventrally flattened head and body which is protected by a bony armour of plates and spines. There is a two-pointed rostral projection on the snout and there are barbels under the lower jaw. They do not have robust spines on the preoperculum. The first dorsal fin has 7 or 8 spines and the second dorsal fin has between 18 and 20 soft rays while the anal fin has between 20 and 23 soft rays. There are between 11 and 13 fin rays enclosed within the membrane of the pectoral fin plus the two lowermost rays being separate. The pelvic fins are widely spaced, located under the base of the pectoral fins, and have 1 spine and 5 soft rays.[5] The smallest species in the genus is P. paucibarbiger, which has a maximum published standard length of . The largest are the African armoured sea robin (P. cataphractum) and the armoured gurnard (P. liorhynchus) both of which have maximum published standard lengths of .

Diistribution

Peristedion armoured gurnards occur on either sides of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Indo-West-Pacific and eastern Pacific Ocean.[5]

Notes and References

  1. Toshio Kawai . Phylogenetic Systematics of the Family Peristediidae (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) . Species Diversity . 2008 . 13 . 1 . 1–34 . 10.12782/specdiv.13.1. free .
  2. Web site: Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae . The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database . Christopher Scharpf . Kenneth J. Lazara . amp . 26 June 2021 . 17 June 2022 . Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara.
  3. Ono, M. & Kawai, T. (2014): Review of Armored Searobins of the Genus Peristedion(Teleostei: Peristediidae) in Japanese Waters. Species Diversity, 19 (2): 117–131.
  4. Kawai, T. (2016): Peristedion richardsi sp. nov. (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) from Indonesian waters, with synonymy between Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894 and Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913. Zootaxa, 4171 (2): 335–346.
  5. Web site: Genus: Peristedion, Amoured Sea-Robins, Armoured-Gurnards . 27 June 2022 . Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system . Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

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