Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase explained

Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase
Ec Number:	4.1.1.90

Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase (vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, gamma-glutamyl carboxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-epoxidizing).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

peptidyl-4-carboxyglutamate + 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons peptidyl-glutamate + CO₂ + O₂ + phylloquinone

The enzyme can use various vitamin-K derivatives, including menaquinone.

Notes and References

1. Dowd P, Hershline R, Ham SW, Naganathan S . Vitamin K and energy transduction: a base strength amplification mechanism . Science . 269 . 5231 . 1684–91 . September 1995 . 7569894 . 10.1126/science.7569894 .
2. Furie B, Bouchard BA, Furie BC . Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid . Blood . 93 . 6 . 1798–808 . March 1999 . 10068650 . 10.1182/blood.V93.6.1798.406k22_1798_1808 .
3. Rishavy MA, Hallgren KW, Yakubenko AV, Shtofman RL, Runge KW, Berkner KL . Brønsted analysis reveals Lys218 as the carboxylase active site base that deprotonates vitamin K hydroquinone to initiate vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation . Biochemistry . 45 . 44 . 13239–48 . November 2006 . 17073445 . 10.1021/bi0609523 .
4. Silva PJ, Ramos MJ . Reaction mechanism of the vitamin K-dependent glutamate carboxylase: a computational study . The Journal of Physical Chemistry B . 111 . 44 . 12883–7 . November 2007 . 17935315 . 10.1021/jp0738208 .
5. Decottignies-Le Maréchal P, Ducrocq C, Marquet A, Azerad R . The stereochemistry of hydrogen abstraction in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 259 . 24 . 15010–2 . December 1984 . 6150930 .
6. Dubois J, Dugave C, Fourès C, Kaminsky M, Tabet JC, Bory S, Gaudry M, Marquet A . Vitamin K dependent carboxylation: determination of the stereochemical course using 4-fluoroglutamyl-containing substrate . Biochemistry . 30 . 43 . 10506–12 . October 1991 . 1931973 . 10.1021/bi00107a020 .