Pentamethylbenzene Explained

Pentamethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H(CH3)5. It is a colourless solid with a sweet odor. The compound is classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a relatively easily oxidized benzene derivative, with E1/2 of 1.95 V vs NHE.[1]

Synthesis and reactions

It is obtained as a minor product in the Friedel - Crafts methylation of xylene to durene (1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene). Like durene, pentamethylbenzene is rather electron-rich and undergoes electrophilic substitution readily. Indeed, it is used as a scavenger for carbocations.

Pentamethylbenzene has been observed as an intermediate in the formation of hexamethylbenzene from phenol[2] and alkylation of durene or pentamethylbenzene has been reported as a suitable starting material for the synthesis of hexamethylbenzene.

References

  1. 10.1021/ja00326a014. Electron transfer from aromatic hydrocarbons and their pi-complexes with metals. Comparison of the standard oxidation potentials and vertical ionization potentials. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 106. 14. 3968–3976. 1984. Howell. J. O.. Goncalves. J. M.. Amatore. C.. Klasinc. L.. Wightman. R. M.. Kochi. J. K..
  2. 10.1021/jo01037a517. 1963. Landis. Phillip S.. Haag. Werner O.. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 28. 2. 585. Formation of Hexamethylbenzene from Phenol and Methanol.