| Pennsylvania General Assembly | |
| Coa Pic: | Coat of arms of Pennsylvania.svg |
| Coa Caption: | Coat of arms |
| House Type: | Bicameral |
| Houses: | Senate House of Representatives |
| Term Limits: | None |
| Preceded By: | Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly |
| Leader1 Type: | President of the Senate |
| Leader1: | Austin Davis |
| Party1: | (D) |
| Leader2 Type: | Senate President Pro Tempore |
| Leader2: | Kim Ward |
| Party2: | (R) |
| Leader3 Type: | Senate Majority Leader |
| Leader3: | Joe Pittman |
| Party3: | (R) |
| Party4: | (D) |
| Leader5 Type: | House Majority Leader |
| Party5: | (D) |
| Seats: | 253 |
| House1: | Senate |
| House2: | House |
| Structure1: | Pennsylvania State Senate 2023.svg |
| Structure1 Res: | 250px |
| Structure2: | Pennsylvania State House 2 2024.svg |
| Structure2 Res: | 250px |
| Political Groups1: | Majority Republican (28) Minority Democratic (22) |
| Political Groups2: | Majority Democratic (102) Minority Republican (100) Vacancy Vacancy (1) |
| Term Length: | Senate 4 years |
| Salary: | $102,844/year + per diem |
| Seats1 Title: | Senators |
| Seats1: | 50 |
| Seats2 Title: | State Representatives |
| Seats2: | 203 |
| Voting System1: | First-past-the-post |
| Voting System2: | First-past-the-post |
| Last Election1: | (even-numbered districts) |
| Last Election2: | |
| Next Election1: | (odd-numbered districts) |
| Next Election2: | |
| Redistricting: | politician commission |
| Motto: | Virtue, Liberty and Independence |
| Session Room: | Pennsylvania State Capitol Front Panorama.jpg |
| Session Res: | 275px |
| Meeting Place: | Pennsylvania State Capitol Harrisburg |
| Constitution: | Constitution of Pennsylvania |
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the legislature of the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg. In colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791. As of 2024, it is the only state legislature in the country in which Democrats and Republicans each control one chamber.[1]
The General Assembly has 253 members, consisting of a Senate with 50 members and a House of Representatives with 203 members, making it the second-largest state legislature in the nation, behind New Hampshire, and the largest full-time legislature.
Senators are elected for a term of four years. Representatives are elected for a term of two years.[2] The Pennsylvania general elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years. A vacant seat must be filled by special election, the date of which is set by the presiding officer of the respective house.
Senators must be at least 25 years old, and Representatives at least 21 years old. They must be citizens and residents of the state for a minimum of four years and reside in their districts for at least one year. Individuals who have been convicted of felonies, including embezzlement, bribery, and perjury, are ineligible for election; the state Constitution also adds the category of "other infamous crimes," which can be broadly interpreted by state courts. No one who has been previously expelled from the General Assembly may be elected.[3]
Legislative districts are drawn every ten years, following the U.S. Census. They are drawn by a five-member commission, of which four members are the majority and minority leaders of each house (or their delegates). The fifth member, who chairs the committee, is appointed by the other four and may not be an elected or appointed official. If the leadership cannot decide on a fifth member, the State Supreme Court may appoint him or her.
While in office, legislators may not hold civil office. Even if a member resigns, the Constitution states that the legislator may not be appointed to civil office for the duration of the term to which the legislator was elected.
The General Assembly is a continuing body within the term for which its representatives are elected. It convenes at 12 o'clock noon on the first Tuesday of January each year and then meets regularly throughout the year.[4] Both houses adjourn on November 30 in even-numbered years, when the terms of all members of the House and half the members of the Senate expire. Neither body can adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other.[5]
The governor may call a special session in order to press for legislation on important issues. As of 2017, only 35 special sessions have been called in the history of Pennsylvania.[6]
The Assembly meets in the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg, which was completed in 1906. Under the Pennsylvania Constitution, the Assembly must meet in the City of Harrisburg and can move only if given the consent of both chambers.
The Pennsylvania General Assembly has a lengthy history as one of the most openly corrupt state legislatures in the United States, going back over two centuries to the era of the Thirteen Colonies.[7] In 1794, while visiting western Pennsylvania, Alexander Hamilton wrote to Rufus King: "The political putrefaction of Pennsylvania is greater than I had any idea of".[8]
During the 19th century, the culture of corruption in the General Assembly got so bad that from 1866 to 1873, about 8,700 of 9,300 acts passed in that timeframe were local or special acts.[9] The frustration of the people of the Commonwealth with its legislature finally boiled over in 1871 and resulted in a 1873 constitutional convention and a 1874 constitutional amendment. One of the amendment's reforms was to prohibit the General Assembly from writing statutes covering more than one subject.
Unfortunately, the amendment (today found at Section 3 of Article III of the Pennsylvania Constitution) was so poorly written that it also prevented the General Assembly from undertaking a comprehensive codification of the Commonwealth's statutes until another amendment was pushed through in 1967 to provide the necessary exception.[10] This is why Pennsylvania remains the only U.S. state that has not yet completed a comprehensive codification of its general statutory law. Since 1970, Pennsylvania has been undertaking its first official codification process,[11] resulting in the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes.[12] [13] With over 300 years of uncodified statutes to go through, the codification process is still not yet complete after over five decades of work.
Kim Ward (R)
| Majority Party (R)[14] | Leadership Position | Minority Party (D)[15] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Pittman | Floor Leader | Jay Costa | |||
| Ryan Aument | Whip | Anthony H. Williams | |||
| Kristin Phillips-Hill | Caucus Chairperson | Wayne Fontana | |||
| Camera Bartolotta | Caucus Secretary | Maria Collett | |||
| Scott Martin | Appropriations Committee Chairperson | Vincent Hughes | |||
| Lisa Baker | Caucus Administrator | Judy Schwank | |||
| Mario Scavello | Policy Committee Chairperson | Katie Muth |
Speaker of the House of Representatives
| Majority Party (D)[16] | Leadership Position | Minority Party (R)[17] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew Bradford | Floor Leader | Bryan Cutler | |||
| Dan Miller | Whip | Donna Oberlander | |||
| Mike Schlossberg | Caucus Chairperson | George Dunbar | |||
| Tina Davis | Caucus Secretary | Martina White | |||
| Jordan Harris | Appropriations Committee Chairperson | Stan Saylor | |||
| Leanne Krueger | Caucus Administrator | Kurt Masser | |||
| Ryan Bizzarro | Policy Committee Chairperson | Martin Causer |