Pennfield Parish, New Brunswick Explained

Pennfield
Settlement Type:Parish
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Type2:County
Established Title:Erected
Established Date:1786
Area Footnotes:[1]
Area Land Km2:363.75
Population As Of:2021
Population Total:2,222
Population Density Km2:6.1
Population Blank1 Title:Change 2016-2021
Population Blank1: 2.4%
Population Blank2 Title:Dwellings
Population Blank2:1,029
Timezone:AST
Utc Offset:-4
Timezone Dst:ADT
Utc Offset Dst:-3
Footnotes:Figures do not include portion within the village of Blacks Harbour

Pennfield is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, located west of Saint John located east of St. George and west of Saint John.

For governance purposes, Utopia and areas south of Route 780 are part of the incorporated rural community of Eastern Charlotte,[2] while the sparsely populated north and The Wolves islands in the Bay of Fundy are part of the Southwest rural district,[3] both of which are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission.[4]

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised one village of Blacks Harbour and two local service districts, all of which were members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

The Census subdivision of the same name includes all of the parish except the former village of Blacks Harbour.[1]

Origin of name

The parish was named by Quaker Loyalist settlers of the area for William Penn, early Quaker leader and founder of Pennsylvania.[5]

History

Pennfield was erected in 1786 as one of the county's original parishes;[6] it included Lepreau Parish, the southern part of Clarendon Parish, and a small piece of Saint George Parish.

Boundaries

Pennfield Parish is bounded:[7] [8]

Evolution of boundaries

Pennfield's original northern boundary was a prolongation of the southern line of the Cape Association grant in Saint David Parish, which runs south of Robinson Creek Road in Saint David Ridge. The prolongation passes near the northern end of Loon Lake in Clarendon Parish before striking the Queens County line. A small part of Saint George Parish near the head of the Letang River was also part of Pennfield; all islands in the river and Letang Harbour were part of Saint George.

In 1814 the parish was extended north[9] to the county line,[10] adding the rest of Clarendon.

In 1850 the boundary with Saint George Parish near the head of the Letang River was changed to its modern line.[11]

In 1857 the eastern part of Pennfield was erected as LePreau Parish.[12]

In 1868 all of the parish north of the most southern point of Queens County was included in the Clarendon District, a polling district that also included the northern part of Lepreau Parish.[13]

In 1869 the northern part of Pennfield was included in the newly erected Clarendon Parish.[14]

In 1877 the boundary through the Letang River and Letang Harbour was changed, transferring some islands to Pennfield.[15]

Former governance units

Municipality

The village of Blacks Harbour sat at the southwestern corner of the parish's mainland.[16]

Local service districts

Both LSDs assessed for the basic LSD services of fire protection, police services, land use planning, emergency measures, and dog control.[17]

Pennfield Parish

The local service district of the parish of Pennfield originally included all of the parish outside Blacks Harbour.

The LSD was established in 1970 to assess for fire protection.[18] First aid and ambulance services were added in 1979.[19]

In 2022, the LSD additionally assessed for community & recreation services. The taxing authority was 512.00 Pennfield.

Beaver Harbour

Beaver Harbour comprised an area on the western side of Beaver Harbour, including the eastern part of the old town plat and running north to the junction of Mountain Road and Waite's Lane.[20] The community of Beaver Harbour outgrew the boundaries of the LSD by 2013.[21]

The LSD was established in 1971 to add street lighting and community services.[22] First aid and ambulance services were added in 1979.[19]

Beaver Harbour additionally assessed street lighting and community & recreation services. The taxing authority was 524.00 Beaver Harbour.

Beaver Harbour was the only LSD in Charlotte County with street lighting.

Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish.[23] bold indicates an incorporated municipality

Bodies of water

Bodies of water[24] at least partly within the parish. italics indicate a name no longer in official use

Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish. italics indicates a name no longer in official use

Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.[25] [26]

Demographics

Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Pennfield Parish, New Brunswick
CensusTotal
YearResponsesCountTrendPop % CountTrendPop %CountTrendPop %CountTrendPop %
2,045 7.3%93.17%90 38.9%4.10%5 n/a%0.23%55 18.2%2.50%
2,205 2.6%95.66%55 52.2%2.39%0 100.0%0.00%45 55.6%1.95%
2,265 5.3%93.98%115 39.1%4.77%10 n/a%0.42%20 20.0%0.83%
2,145 n/a95.76%70n/a3.12%0n/a0.00%25n/a1.12%

Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the parish, including external routes that start or finish at the parish limits:[27]

See also

References



45.2112°N -66.6561°W

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Census Profile . Statistics Canada . 30 October 2022 . 26 October 2022.
  2. Web site: Southwest Regional Service Commission: RSC 10 . Government of New Brunswick . 5 June 2023.
  3. Web site: Southwest Regional Service Commission: RD 10 . Government of New Brunswick . 5 June 2023.
  4. Web site: Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act . Government of New Brunswick . 5 June 2023 . 21 July 2022.
  5. Book: Ganong . William F. . A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick . 1896 . Royal Society of Canada . 261 . 17 March 2021.
  6. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, passed in the year 1786.. 20 March 2021. 1786. Government of New Brunswick. Saint John, New Brunswick. 3–12. 26 Geo. III Chapter I. An Act for the better ascertaining and confirming the Boundaries of the several Counties within this Province, and for subdividing them into Towns or Parishes..
  7. Web site: No. 162 . Provincial Archives of New Brunswick . Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development . 3 July 2021. Remainder of parish on maps 163 and 166 at same site.
  8. Web site: 470 . Transportation and Infrastructure . Government of New Brunswick . 3 July 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 471, 481, 482, 491, 492, 497–499, and 502 at same site.
  9. Because Pennfield's northern line was based on Saint George's, Pennfield probably expanded when Saint George did. This has been the norm in New Brunswick since the first boundary changes in 1787. If Pennfield was an exception, then the boundary was moved north in 1850.
  10. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick; Passed in the Year 1814.. 27 March 2021. 1814. Government of New Brunswick. Saint John, New Brunswick. 15. 54 Geo. III c. 15 An Act to enlarge the limits of the Parishes of Saint Patrick and Saint George, in the County of Charlotte..
  11. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of Her Mjaesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1850.. 27 March 2021. 1850. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 142–152, 145–149. 13 Vic. c. 51 An Act to consolidate all the Laws now in force for the division of the Province into Counties, Towns and Parishes.. Book was poorly proofread, resulting in title typo and reuse of page numbers 145–152.
  12. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in July 1856, and March and July 1857.. 27 March 2021. 1857. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 15–16. 20 Vic. c. 9 An Act to erect the eastern part of the Parish of Pennfield, in the County of Charlotte, into a separate Town or Parish..
  13. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick. Passed in the Month of March 1868.. 1868. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 84. 31 Vic. c. 51 An Act to establish an additional Polling place in the County of Charlotte.. Available as a free ebook from Google Books.
  14. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick. Passed in the Month of April 1869.. 1869. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 96–97. 32 Vic. c. 51 An Act to erect part of the Parishes of Lepreaux and Pennfield, in the County of Charlotte, into a separate Town or Parish.. Available as a free ebook from Google Books.
  15. Book: The Consolidated Statutes of New Brunswick.. 1877. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 56–85. Chapter 2 The Division of the Province into Counties, Towns, and Parishes.. Available as a free ebook from Google Books.
  16. Web site: New Brunswick Regulation 85-6 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 85-45) . Government of New Brunswick . 6 February 2021.
  17. Web site: 2020 Local Government Statistics for New Brunswick . Department of Environment and Local Government . 55 . 6 February 2021.
  18. Regulation 70–63 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 70–385) . The Royal Gazette . Fredericton . 17 June 1970 . 128 . 343–344.
  19. Regulation 79-39 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 79-169) . The Royal Gazette . Fredericton . 4 April 1979 . 137 . 1009–1010.
  20. Web site: New Brunswick Regulation 84-168 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 84-582) . Government of New Brunswick . 6 February 2021.
  21. News: Rayner . Barb . Meeting will outline Beaver Harbour boundaries . The Saint Croix Courier . 5 March 2013 . A2.
  22. Regulation 71–17 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 71–127) . The Royal Gazette . Fredericton . 3 March 1971 . 129 . 154.
  23. Web site: Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB) . Government of Canada . 4 July 2021.
  24. Not including brooks, ponds or coves.
  25. Web site: New Brunswick Regulation 94-43 under the Fish and Wildlife Act (O.C. 94-231) . Government of New Brunswick . 8 July 2021 . 5 June 2006.
  26. Web site: Explore New Brunswick's Protected Natural Areas . GeoNB . 4 July 2021.
  27. Atlantic Canada Back Road Atlas Pages 4, 12

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