Penneshaw, South Australia Explained

Type:town
Penneshaw
State:sa
Postcode:5222[1]
Pop:276
Pushpin Label Position:right
Coordinates:-35.7183°N 137.9403°W
Lga:Kangaroo Island Council
Region:Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island[2]
County:Carnarvon
Stategov:Mawson[3]
Fedgov:Mayo[4]
Dist1:107
Dir1:south
Location1:Adelaide
Timezone:ACST
Utc:+9:30
Timezone-Dst:ACDT
Utc-Dst:+10:30
Maxtemp:18.1
Mintemp:12.8
Rainfall:538.4
Near-N:Backstairs Passage
Near-Ne:Backstairs Passage
Near-E:Ironstone
Near-Se:Ironstone
Near-S:Dudley East
Near-Nw:Backstairs Passage
Footnotes:Location
Climate[5]
Adjoining localities[6]

Penneshaw is a township in the Australian state of South Australia located on the northeast coast of the Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island about south of the state capital of Adelaide.[6] [1] It is the island's main ferry port with regular services from Cape Jervis. Penneshaw features a Maritime and Folk Museum, and evening tours to a colony of little penguin, the only species of penguin to breed in Australian waters. At the, Penneshaw had a population of 276.

Originally known as Hog Bay due to the pigs released by French Commander Nicholas Baudin, Penneshaw was named after a combination of the names of Dr. F.W.Pennefather,[7] private secretary to Governor Jervois, and Flora Louisa Shaw, The Times colonial editor, a visitor to Government House.[8]

South Australia's first modern seawater desalination plant was established at Penneshaw in the 1990s, to supplement the town's limited dam water supply.

Penneshaw jetty

In 1901, the Government authorised a budget of £1,800 for the construction of a jetty at Penneshaw (then known as Hog Bay).[9] Appeals for the extension and improvement of the jetty followed in 1905 and 1906.[10] [11] Jetty extension works were undertaken by brothers J. and W. Tait of Port Adelaide[12] in late 1908, using methods similar to those used at Glenelg and Edithburgh.[13] At that time the outer part of the jetty was only 9 feet wide.[14]

A breakwater was later constructed to provide shelter from rough seas for visiting ships.

In 2012, the Penneshaw jetty was extended to provide a cruise ship tender vessel landing facility to accommodate growing numbers of short-term visitors arriving by cruise ship.[15] [16] In the 2014–15 season, seven cruise ships landed passengers at Pennseshaw with eight or nine ships expected the following season.[17] The jetty can also be enjoyed by snorkelers and scuba divers, and is known for supporting Gorgonian corals.[18]

Today, the timber jetty and breakwater provide a sheltered landing for the ferry that travels to and from Cape Jervis daily and for tenders landing passengers from visiting cruise ships.

Attractions

Heritage places

Penneshaw includes the following places that are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register – Christmas Cove,[22] Frenchman's Rock Monument[23] and Penneshaw Cemetery.[24]

Little penguin colony

An account of penguins observed by Matthew Flinders' expedition of 1802 in the vicinity of Kangaroo Head (immediately west of Penneshaw) describes "thousands" of little penguins landing in the area.[25] Other published accounts of little penguins at Penneshaw exist from 1948,[26] 1951,[27] 1982,[28] 1988[29] 1989[30] and 1998.[31]

In July 1984, two dogs killed 80 penguins at the Penneshaw foreshore in a single night. The mortality event reduced the population there by almost half.[32] Another dog attack at Penneshaw in March 2003 resulted in over 30 penguins being killed.

As of June 2011, the number of little penguins in the section of the colony which is monitored by the Penneshaw Penguin Centre appears to have declined over the prior 10 years.[33]

Penneshaw Little Penguin Colony (Breeding Individuals)!Year!Population (low)!Population (high)!Reference
1984200200[34]
2008216356[35]
2011304304
2012148148
2013112112
Restoration work to provide improve habitat for little penguins near Penneshaw is ongoing. As of 2013, an 800m coastal strip between Frenchman's Rock and Baudin Conservation Park is the focus site. Works include the removal of weeds, planting of native plants and installation of nesting boxes.[36]

Governance

Penneshaw is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council.[3] [4]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Postcode for Penneshaw, South Australia . postcodes-australia.com . 19 January 2017.
  2. Web site: Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region. The Government of South Australia. 9 September 2016.
  3. Mawson . Electoral District Boundaries Commission . 2016 . 2 March 2018.
  4. Web site: Federal electoral division of Mayo, boundary gazetted 16 December 2011. Australian Electoral Commission. 2 August 2015.
  5. Web site: Monthly climate statistics: Summary statistics CAPE WILLOUGHBY (nearest station) . Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology. 7 May 2016.
  6. Web site: Search result for "Penneshaw (LOCB)" (Record no SA0002275) with the following layers selected – "Suburbs and Localities" . Property Location Browser . Government of South Australia . 24 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/ . 12 October 2016 . dead .
  7. Adelaide University Prof Frederick William Pennefather LLM
  8. [Rodney Cockburn]
  9. News: 1901-10-24. HOG BAY JETTY.. Advertiser. 2021-12-20.
  10. News: 1905-09-30. HOG BAY JETTY.. Observer. 2021-12-20.
  11. News: 1906-05-05. HOG BAY JETTY.. Chronicle. 2021-12-20.
  12. News: 1908-04-29. THE HOG BAY JETTY.. Express and Telegraph. 2021-12-20.
  13. News: 1908-11-21. HOG BAY JETTY.. Chronicle. 2021-12-20.
  14. News: 1909-08-21. HOG BAY JETTY.. Chronicle. 2021-12-20.
  15. Book: SATC Annual Report 2010-11. 2011. 17.
  16. Book: SATC Annual Report 2011-12. South Australian Tourism Commission. 2012. 5.
  17. Web site: Kangaroo Island welcomes cruise ships. 2015-11-10. The Times.
  18. Hutchison. Stuart. 2001-12-01. Travellin' South. Australasia Scuba Diver. 18–30.
  19. Web site: Penneshaw Maritime and Folk Museum . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060715232838/http://www.communitywebs.org/PenneshawMaritimeMuseum/ . 15 July 2006 .
  20. http://www.tourkangarooisland.com.au/search/results.aspx?dw_op=gp&dw_pid=9078837&dw_tid= Penneshaw Penguin Centre
  21. Web site: Penneshaw Methodist Church . National Library of Australia.
  22. Web site: Christmas Cove (designated place of geological significance) . Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources . South Australian Heritage Register . 28 May 2016.
  23. Web site: Frenchman's Rock Monument, Well & Pine Trees. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources . South Australian Heritage Register . 28 May 2016.
  24. Web site: Penneshaw Cemetery . Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources . South Australian Heritage Register . 28 May 2016.
  25. News: 1888-02-22. KANGAROO ISLAND (S.A.). 5. Illustrated Sydney News (NSW : 1881 – 1894). 2020-06-29.
  26. News: 1948-09-07. OUT AMONG THE PEOPLE. 3. Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 – 1954). 2020-06-29.
  27. News: 1951-03-10. KANGAROO IS.. 12. Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954). 2020-06-29.
  28. News: 1982-08-11. TIMESPAN. 34. Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 – 1995). 2020-06-29.
  29. News: 1988-01-09. Island was dealt a good hand by nature (Kangaroo Island, South Australia 1988). 119. The Age. 2020-06-29.
  30. News: 1989-04-30. Where blubber abounds. 20. Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 – 1995). 2020-06-29.
  31. News: 1998-10-25. South Australia's delectable dining (1998). 73. The San Francisco Examiner. 2020-06-29.
  32. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127213168 "Dogs kill penguins"
  33. Wiebken, A. "Conservation Priorities for Little Penguin Populations in Gulf St Vincent" SARDI, South Australia (2011-06). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  34. News: 1984-07-10. Dogs kill nesting penguins, Penneshaw (1984). 14. The Sydney Morning Herald. 2020-06-29.
  35. Book: Copley, Peter. Conservation risk assessment report for little penguins in South Australia – DEWNR Technical Report 2016/33. Government of South Australia. 2016. South Australia. 53.
  36. http://www.theislanderonline.com.au/story/1646453/penguin-habitat-restored-at-penneshaw/ "Penguin habitat restored at Penneshaw"

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