Penicillium paxilli explained

Penicillium paxilli is an anamorph, saprophytic species of the genus Penicillium which produces paxilline, paxisterol,, pyrenocine A, paspaline B and verruculogene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]} Penicillium paxilli is used as a model to study the biochemistry of the indol-diterepene biosynthesis^[10]

Further reading

• 10.1074/jbc.M701626200. 17428785. Defining Paxilline Biosynthesis in Penicillium paxilli: Functional Characterization of Two Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282. 23. 16829–37. 2007. Saikia. S.. Parker. E. J.. Koulman. A.. Scott. B.. free.
• 10.1099/00221287-133-11-3109. Submerged Fermentation of Penicillium paxilli Biosynthesizing Paxilline, a Process Inhibited by Calcium-induced Sporulation. Microbiology. 133. 11. 3109–3119. 1987. Ibba. M.. Taylor. S. J. C.. Weedon. C. M.. Mantle. P. G.. free.
• 10.1128/genomeA.00071-15. 25767225. Draft Genome Sequence of the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium paxilli (ATCC 26601). Genome Announcements. 3. 2. e00071–15. 2015. Berry. Daniel. Cox. Murray P.. Scott. Barry. 4357747.
• 10.3390/toxins5081422. 23949005. Deletion and Gene Expression Analyses Define the Paxilline Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Penicillium paxilli. Toxins. 5. 8. 1422–46. 2013. Scott. Barry. Young. Carolyn. Saikia. Sanjay. McMillan. Lisa. Monahan. Brendon. Koulman. Albert. Astin. Jonathan. Eaton. Carla. Bryant. Andrea. Wrenn. Ruth. Finch. Sarah. Tapper. Brian. Parker. Emily. Jameson. Geoffrey. 3760044 . free .
• 10.1021/np50005a017. 521822. Chemically Different Tremorgenic Mycotoxins in Isolates of Penicillium paxilli from Australia and North America. Journal of Natural Products. 42. 5. 534–6. 1979. Cockrum. Peter A.. Culvenor. Claude C. J.. Edgar. John A.. Payne. Alan L..
• 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89639-9. Biosynthesis and transformation of tremorgenic indolediterpenoids by Penicillium paxilli and Acremonium lolii. Phytochemistry. 36. 5. 1209–1217. 1994. Mantle. Peter G.. Weedon. Christopher M.. 1994PChem..36.1209M .
• 10.1139/m74-179. 4425383. A new tremorgenic metabolite from Penicillium paxilli. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 20. 8. 1159–62. 1974. Cole. Richard J.. Kirksey. Jerry W.. Wells. John M..
• 10.1007/BF01026679. Formation and release of pectin lyase during growth of Penicillium paxilli. Biotechnology Letters. 7. 2. 105–108. 1985. Szajer. I.. Czajer. Cz.. 39279203 .
• 10.1155/2014/767061. Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pyrenocine a Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium paxilli Ma(G)K. Mediators of Inflammation. 2014. 1–11. 2014. Toledo. Thaís Regina. Dejani. Naiara N.. Monnazzi. Luis Gustavo Silva. Kossuga. Miriam H.. Berlinck. Roberto G. S.. Sette. Lara D.. Medeiros. Alexandra I.. 24574582. 3916108 . free .
• 9618588. 1998. Young. C. Paxilline-negative mutants of Penicillium paxilli generated by heterologous and homologous plasmid integration. Current Genetics. 33. 5. 368–77. Itoh. Y. Johnson. R. Garthwaite. I. Miles. C. O.. Munday-Finch. S. C.. Scott. B. 10.1007/s002940050349. 21816409 .
• 10.1128/genomeA.00071-15. 25767225. Draft Genome Sequence of the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium paxilli (ATCC 26601). Genome Announcements. 3. 2. e00071–15. 2015. Berry. Daniel. Cox. Murray P.. Scott. Barry. 4357747.
• Book: John I. Pitt . A.D. Hocking . Fungi and Food Spoilage . Springer Science & Business Media . 2012 . 978-1461563914.
• Book: Shmuel Yannai . Dictionary of Food . CRC Press . 2012 . 978-1420083521.
• Book: Andrew Hopkins . Zeng-Yu Wang . Rouf Mian . Mary Sledge . Reed E. Barker . Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf, Dallas, Texas, and Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A., May 18–22, 2003 . Springer Science & Business Media . 2006 . 1402025912.
• Book: G. D. Robson . Pieter van West . Geoffrey Gadd . Geoffrey Michael Gadd . Exploitation of Fungi . Cambridge University Press . 2007 . 978-1139464130.

Notes and References

1. 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00515-3. Isolation of paspaline B, an indole-diterpenoid from Penicilium paxilli. Phytochemistry. 41. 327–332. 1996. Munday-Finch. Sarah C.. Wilkins. Alistair L.. Miles. Christopher O.. 1 . 1996PChem..41..327M .
2. 17827767. 2007. Rukachaisirikul. V. A new pyrone derivative from the endophytic fungus Penicillium paxilli PSU-A71. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 55. 9. 1383–4. Kaeobamrung. J. Panwiriyarat. W. Saitai. P. Sukpondma. Y. Phongpaichit. S. Sakayaroj. J. 10.1248/cpb.55.1383. free.
3. 10.1155/2014/767061. Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pyrenocine a Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium paxilli Ma(G)K. Mediators of Inflammation. 2014. 1–11. 2014. Toledo. Thaís Regina. Dejani. Naiara N.. Monnazzi. Luis Gustavo Silva. Kossuga. Miriam H.. Berlinck. Roberto G. S.. Sette. Lara D.. Medeiros. Alexandra I.. 24574582. 3916108 . free .
4. https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/70109 UniProt
5. http://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/products/all/26601.aspx?geo_country=de ATCC
6. 10.1099/00221287-133-11-3109. Submerged Fermentation of Penicillium paxilli Biosynthesizing Paxilline, a Process Inhibited by Calcium-induced Sporulation. Microbiology. 133. 11. 3109–3119. 1987. Ibba. M.. Taylor. S. J. C.. Weedon. C. M.. Mantle. P. G.. free.
7. 10.1128/genomeA.00071-15. 25767225. Draft Genome Sequence of the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium paxilli (ATCC 26601). Genome Announcements. 3. 2. e00071–15. 2015. Berry. Daniel. Cox. Murray P.. Scott. Barry. 4357747.
8. Book: John I. Pitt . A.D. Hocking . Fungi and Food Spoilage . Springer Science & Business Media . 2012 . 978-1461563914.
9. 10.1039/P19900003145. Structure of paxisterol, a sterol from Penicillium paxilli. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1. 11. 3145. 1990. Yasuzawa. Tohru. Yoshida. Mayumi. Sano. Hiroshi.
10. Book: G. D. Robson . Pieter van West . Geoffrey Gadd . Exploitation of Fungi . Cambridge University Press . 2007 . 978-1139464130.