Penicillium oxalicum explained

Penicillium oxalicum is an anamorph species of the genus Penicillium which was isolated from rhizosphere soil of pearl millet.^{[1] [2] [3]} Penicillium oxalicum produces secalonic acid D, chitinase, oxalic acid, oxaline and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and occurs widespread in food and tropical commodities.^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} This fungus could be used against soilborne diseases like downy mildew of tomatoes^{[8] [9]}

Further reading

• 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.02.009. Biocontrol of tomato wilt by Penicillium oxalicum formulations in different crop conditions. Biological Control. 37. 3. 256–265. 2006. Sabuquillo . P.. Cal . A. D. . Melgarejo . P..
• 10.1094/PD-89-1317. Dispersal Improvement of a Powder Formulation of Penicillium oxalicum, a Biocontrol Agent of Tomato Wilt. Plant Disease. 89. 12. 1317–1323. 2005. Sabuquillo . P.. De Cal . A.. Melgarejo . P.. 30791311. free.
• 10.1007/s002530051068. Induction of submerged conidiation of the biocontrol agent Penicillium oxalicum. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 48. 3. 389–392. 1997. Pascual . S.. Melgarejo . P.. Magan . N.. 36651972.
• 10.1186/1472-6750-13-42. Characterization of a novel swollenin from Penicillium oxalicum in facilitating enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. BMC Biotechnology. 13. 42. 2013. Kang . K. . Wang . S. . Lai . G. . Liu . G. . Xing . M. . 23688024. 3681723 . free.
• 10.1007/s11274-007-9626-x. Antifungal substances produced by Penicillium oxalicum strain PY-1—potential antibiotics against plant pathogenic fungi. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24. 7. 909–915. 2007. Yang . L. . Xie . J. . Jiang . D. . Fu . Y. . Li . G. . Lin . F. . 86127889.
• 10.1080/09168451.2014.993913. 25586551. Newly isolated Penicillium oxalicumA592-4B secretes enzymes that degrade milled rice straw with high efficiency. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 79. 5. 820–829. 2015. Aoyama . A. . Kurane . R. . Matsuura . A. . Nagai . K. . free.
• 10.3109/10242422.2014.934365. Purification and characterization of two novel β-glucosidases from Penicillium oxalicumand their application in bioactive ginsenoside production. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 32. 4. 199–207. 2014. Gao . J. . Wang . J. . Cui . J. . Wang . N. . Bai . Y. . Yuan . Y. . Zhou . Y. . 85889127.
• 10.1139/b90-003. Morphological and chemical studies of Penicillium oxalicum, newly identified as a pathogen on greenhouse cucumbers. Canadian Journal of Botany. 68. 21–25. 1990. Jarvis . W. R.. Barrie . S. D.. Traquair . J. A.. Stoessl . A..
• 10.1590/S1517-83822010005000003. Study of the interactions between Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 41. 3. 700–706. 2010. Sempere . F.. Santamarina . M. P. . 24031546. 3768631.
• 10231324. 1999. Shen. H. D.. Characterization of allergens from Penicillium oxalicum and P. Notatum by immunoblotting and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 29. 5. 642–51. Lin. W. L.. Tam. M. F.. Wang. S. R.. Tzean. S. S.. Huang. M. H.. Han. S. H. . 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00509.x. 23431244.
• 12828512. 2002. Santamarina. M. P.. Antagonistic activity of Penicillium oxalicum Corrie and Thom, Penicillium decumbens Thom and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai isolates against fungi, bacteria and insects in vitro. Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. 19. 2. 99–103. Roselló. J. Llacer. R. Sanchis. V.
• 12770709. 2003. Klimek-Ochab. M. A metal-independent hydrolase from a Penicillium oxalicum strain able to use phosphonoacetic acid as the only phosphorus source. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 222. 2. 205–9. Lejczak. B. Forlani. G . 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00301-x. free.
• 20920617. 2011. Pareek. N. Penicillium oxalicum SAEM-51: A mutagenised strain for enhanced production of chitin deacetylase for bioconversion to chitosan. New Biotechnology. 28. 2. 118–24. Vivekanand. V. Dwivedi. P. Singh. R. P.. 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.09.009.
• Book: E. Velázquez . C. Rodriguez-Barrueco . First International Meeting on Microbial Phosphate Solubilization . Springer Science & Business Media . 2007 . 978-1-4020-5765-6.
• Book: John I. Pitt . A.D. Hocking . Fungi and Food Spoilage . Springer Science & Business Media . 2012 . 978-1-4615-6391-4.
• Book: P. Narayanasamy . Biological Management of Diseases of Crops: Volume 2: Integration of Biological Control Strategies with Crop Disease Management Systems . Springer Science & Business Media . 2013 . 978-9400763777.
• Book: L.J.C. van Loon . Plant Innate Immunity . Academic Press . 2009 . 978-0-08-088879-8.

Notes and References

1. https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/69781 UniProt
2. 10.1111/jph.12371. Plant Growth-promoting Fungus Penicillium oxalicum Enhances Plant Growth and Induces Resistance in Pearl Millet Against Downy Mildew Disease. Journal of Phytopathology. 743–754. 2015. Murali . M. . Amruthesh . K. N. . 163. 9.
3. http://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/products/all/201888.aspx?geo_country=de ATCC
4. Book: V. Betina . Chromatography of Mycotoxins: Techniques and Applications . Elsevier . 1993 . 978-0-08-085862-3.
5. Book: G.W. Gooday . C. Jeuniaux . R. Muzzarelli . Chitin in Nature and Technology . Springer Science & Business Media . 2012 . 978-1-4613-2167-5.
6. Book: Jonathan W. DeVries . Mary W. Trucksess . Lauren S. Jackson . Mycotoxins and Food Safety . Springer Science & Business Media . 2012 . 978-1-4615-0629-4.
7. Book: John I. Pitt . A.D. Hocking . Fungi and Food Spoilage . Springer Science & Business Media . 2012 . 978-1-4615-6391-4.
8. 10.1094/PD-89-1317. Dispersal Improvement of a Powder Formulation of Penicillium oxalicum, a Biocontrol Agent of Tomato Wilt. Plant Disease. 89. 12. 1317–1323. 2005. Sabuquillo . P.. De Cal . A.. Melgarejo . P.. 30791311. free.
9. 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.02.009. Biocontrol of tomato wilt by Penicillium oxalicum formulations in different crop conditions. Biological Control. 37. 3. 256–265. 2006. Sabuquillo . P.. Cal . A. D. . Melgarejo . P..