Peltandreae Explained

Peltandreae is a tribe of plants in the arum family.

Distribution

The distribution is disjunct. Peltandra is native to Eastern North America and the Caribbean (Canada, USA, Cuba)^[1] and Typhonodorum is native to Africa (the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Tanzania).^[2]

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

The tribe was first described in 1876 by the German botanist Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (Engl.). Engler placed Typhonodorum in a separate tribe Typhonodoreae.^{[3] [4] [5]} However, it is now included in Peltandreae.^[6]

Genera

Peltandreae consists of the following two genera:^[7]

• Peltandra Raf.
• Typhonodorum Schott

Phylogeny

It is closely related to the European tribes Ambrosineae and Arisareae. These three tribes shared a common ancestor about 82.7 million years ago.^[8] 60 Million years old Peltandreae fossils have been found in Europe, North America, and Central Asia. Therefore, the group has existed for at least 60 Million years, as the evidence of the fossil record suggests, but the analysis of the molecular clock suggests this group is about 82.7 million years old.

The precise relationships are displayed in the following cladogram:

Notes and References

1. 331259-2 . Peltandra Raf. . 18 February 2023.
2. 2943-1 . Typhonodorum Schott . 18 February 2023.
3. Engler, A. (1876). "Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die morphologischen Verhältnisse der Araceae (Vol. 3)." Druck von E. Blochmann & Sohn für die Akademie in Commission bei Wilh. Engelmann in Leipzig.
4. Boodle, L. A., & HILL, A. W. (1929). "Typhonodorum lindleyanum: The development of the embryo and germination of the seed." Annals of Botany, 43(171), 437-450.
5. Engler, A. (1915). "Araceae-Philodendroideae-Anubiadeae, Aglaonemateae, Dieffenbachieae, Zantedeschieae, Typhonodoreae, Peltandreae."
6. Typhonodorum. (n.d.). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved February 18, 2023, from https://www.gbif.org/species/103021699
7. Renner, S. S., & Zhang, L. B. (2004). Biogeography of the Pistia clade (Araceae): based on chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA sequences and Bayesian divergence time inference. Systematic Biology, 53(3), 422-432.
8. Mansion, G., Rosenbaum, G., Schoenenberger, N., Bacchetta, G., Rosselló, J. A., & Conti, E. (2008). "Phylogenetic analysis informed by geological history supports multiple, sequential invasions of the Mediterranean Basin by the angiosperm family Araceae." Systematic Biology, 57(2), 269-285.