| Pedro Pablo Peña | |
| Order: | 24th |
| Office: | President of Paraguay |
| Term Start: | 28 February 1912 |
| Term End: | 22 March 1912 |
| Vicepresident: | Vacant |
| Predecessor: | Liberato Marcial Rojas |
| Successor: | Emiliano González Navero |
| Birth Name: | Pedro Pablo Peña Cañete |
| Birth Date: | 29 June 1864 |
| Birth Place: | Asunción, Paraguay |
| Death Place: | Asunción, Paraguay |
| Alma Mater: | Universidad Nacional de Asunción |
| Spouse: | Carmen del Molino Torres Jovellanos |
| Children: | 6 |
| Occupation: | Doctor, Diplomat, Politician |
| Party: | Colorado Party |
Pedro Pablo Peña Cañete (29 June 1864 – 29 July 1943) was provisional president of Paraguay from February 28, 1912 to March 22, 1912, as the First Paraguayan Civil War raged. He was a member of the Colorado Party. Before his brief presidency, Peña was secretary at the Paraguayan Legation in Argentina, dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the National University of Asuncion, president of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguayan minister to Brazil (1901–1902 and 1903–1905), minister of foreign affairs (1902–1903) and Paraguayan minister to Chile, Bolivia and Peru (1905–1908). During and after his presidency he was president of the executive committee of the Colorado Party from 1912 to 1916, and again from 1921 to 1923.