Stilted speech explained

In psychiatry, stilted speech or pedantic speech[1] is communication characterized by situationally inappropriate formality.[2] This formality can be expressed both through abnormal prosody[3] as well as speech content that is "inappropriately pompous, legalistic, philosophical, or quaint".[4] Often, such speech can act as evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)[3] or a thought disorder,[5] a common symptom in schizophrenia[6] or schizoid personality disorder.[7]

To diagnose stilted speech, researchers have previously looked for the following characteristics:[8]

While literal and long-winded word content is often the most identifiable feature of stilted speech, such speech often displays irregular prosody, especially in resonance.[8] Often, the loudness, pitch, rate, and nasality of pedantic speech vary from normal speech, resulting in the perception of pedantic or stilted speaking. For example, overly loud or high-pitched speech can come across to listeners as overly forceful while slow or nasal speech creates an impression of condescension.[9]

These attributions, which are commonly found in patients with ASD,[9] partially account for why stilted speech has been considered a diagnostic criterion for the disorder.[8] Stilted speech, along with atypical intonation, semantic drift, terseness, and perseveration, are all known deficits with adolescents on the autistic spectrum.[10] Often, stilted speech found in children with ASD will also be especially stereotypic or in some cases even rehearsed.

Patients with schizophrenia are also known to experience stilted speech. This symptom is attributed to both an inability to access more commonly used words and a difficulty understanding pragmatics—the relationship between language and context.[11] However, stilted speech appears as a less common symptom compared to a certain number of other symptoms of the psychosis (Adler et al 1999).[12] This element of cognitive disorder is also exhibited as a symptom in the narcissistic personality disorder (Akhtar & Thomson 1982).[13]

See also

Notes and References

  1. McKenna P.J., Oh T.M. (2012.) Schizophrenic Speech: Making Sense of Bathroots and Ponds that Fall in Doorways, Cambridge University Press,
  2. Book: Encyclopedia of autism spectrum disorders. 2013. Springer. Volkmar, Fred R.. 9781441916976. New York, NY. 822231140.
  3. Rosenblau . G . Kliemann . D . Dziobek . I . Heekeren . HR . Emotional prosody processing in autism spectrum disorder . Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience . February 2017 . 12 . 2 . 224–39 . 10.1093/scan/nsw118 . 27531389 . 5390729 .
  4. Peter F. Liddle, Royal College of Psychiatrists Disordered mind and brain: the neural basis of mental symptoms, 301 pages RCPsych Publications, 2001 Retrieved 2012-01-12
  5. Victor Peralta, Manuel J. Cuesta, Jose de Leon Title:Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: A factor analytic study, Publication:Comprehensive Psychiatry Elsevier March–April 1992, Elsevier Retrieved 2012-01-12
  6. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:NQnqEyaR5QsJ:www.ai.uga.edu/caspr/litreviewsr-published.pdf+stilted+speech&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiENtwQyu4wuw3dOfi-u8TCIBoGQFx9RKSnA4Hl_G-oUxnH4Wf_GuJ6NBk_WTHiZrFrz796lSJNU3NDcifHkCjEo052XA8iKP5orwga4eKae7WEBmGhZIkr54VCfq_dgd-03bLW&sig=AHIEtbQfUvEnOPxsYRfCWrzSdc5tqR5-6g
  7. Book: Khan M . 2022 . Emerging trends in medical sciences . Understanding and psychosocial treatment of schizoid personality disorder: a cognitive behavioural, psychoanalytical and bio energetic analysis approach . 4 . 45 - 62 . Naik S . Integrated publications . New Delhi . 978-93-95118-07-1.
  8. Ghaziuddin. M.. Gerstein. L.. December 1996. Pedantic speaking style differentiates Asperger syndrome from high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 26. 6. 585–595. 0162-3257. 8986845. 10.1007/bf02172348. 2027.42/44615. 8508542 . free.
  9. Shriberg. L. D.. Paul. R.. McSweeny. J. L.. Klin. A. M.. Cohen. D. J.. Volkmar. F. R.. October 2001. Speech and prosody characteristics of adolescents and adults with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 44. 5. 1097–1115. 1092-4388. 11708530. 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/087). 10.1.1.385.7116. 1676598 .
  10. de Villiers. Jessica. Fine. Jonathan. Ginsberg. Gary. Vaccarella. Liezanne. Szatmari. Peter. August 2007. Brief report: a scale for rating conversational impairment in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 37. 7. 1375–1380. 10.1007/s10803-006-0264-1. 0162-3257. 17082976. 6433996 .
  11. Covington. Michael A.. He. Congzhou. Brown. Cati. Naçi. Lorina. McClain. Jonathan T.. Fjordbak. Bess Sirmon. Semple. James. Brown. John. 2005-09-01. Schizophrenia and the structure of language: the linguist's view. Schizophrenia Research. 77. 1. 85–98. 10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.016. 0920-9964. 16005388. 10.1.1.532.2190. 7206375 .
  12. Jeffrey A. Lieberman, T. Scott Stroup, Diana O. Perkins, American Psychiatric Publishing The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of schizophrenia - 435 pages American Psychiatric Pub, 2006 Retrieved 2012-01-12
  13. S. Akhtar and J. Anderson Thomson, "Overview: Narcissistic personality Disorder" American Journal of Psychiatry 139:1 Retrieved 2012-01-12

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