Pebbly Arkose Formation Explained
The Pebbly Arkose Formation is a Late Triassic geologic formation found in southern Africa.
Geology
Description
The formation comprises mainly coarse, arkosic sandstones.[1]
Extent
The Pebbly Arkose Formation is found in Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe, in the Mid-Zambezi, Mana Pools, Cabora Bassa and Limpopo basins.
Deposition
Age
Stratigraphy
The Pebbly Arkose Formation is part of the Upper Karoo Group, overlies the Escarpment formation (in the Mid-Zambezi and Limpopo basins)[2] and the Angwa Sandstone Formation (in the Mana Pools and Cabora Bassa Basins)[3] and underlies the Forest Sandstone Formation.[4]
The Pebbly Arkose has been correlated to the Elliot Formation of the Great Karroo Basin, South Africa[4] [5] and the Mpandi Formation of the Thuli Basin in Botswana and Zimbabwe.[6]
Fossil content
Vertebrate fauna
Archosaur
| Archosaurs of the Pebbly Arkose Formation |
|---|
| Taxon | Species | Presence | Materials | Notes | Images |
|---|
| Mbiresaurus[8] | M. raathi | Dande Communal Land. | A complete partially-articulated skeleton. | An early member of Sauropodomorpha | |
| Musankwa[9] | M. sanyatiensis | Spurwing Island. | An articulated partial right leg. | A basal massopodan sauropodomorph | |
| Massospondylus | M. sp. | Spurwing Island. | | A basal sauropodomorph. | |
| Indeterminate. | | | | |
| Indeterminate | Dande Communal Land. | | | |
Synapsids
Fish
See also
References
Bibliography
- Book: Weishampel . David B. . David B. Weishampel . Dodson . Peter . Peter Dodson . Osmólska . Halszka . Halszka Osmólska . 2004 . The Dinosauria . 2nd . Berkeley: University of California Press . 1–880 . 2019-02-21 . 0-520-24209-2.
Notes and References
- Love. David . Ravengai, S. . Katemaunzanga, D. . Shoko, D.S.M. . Kambewa, C. . Matura, N.E.. The Karoo sequence in the Nyaminyami area, Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe. Abstract volume, Geoscience Africa Conference. Geological Society of South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa. July 2004. 135.
- 10.1016/S0899-5362(01)00090-2. Sedimentology of the upper Karoo fluvial strata in the Tuli Basin, South Africa. 2001. Bordy. Emese M.. Catuneanu. Octavian. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 33. 3–4. 605. 2001JAfES..33..605B .
- 10.1016/S0899-5362(96)00049-8. New palynological data from Karoo sediments, Mana Pools basin, northern Zimbabwe. 1996. d'Engelbronner. E.R.. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 23. 1 . 17–30. 1996JAfES..23...17D .
- 10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00081-X. Stratigraphy and palynostratigraphy, Karoo Supergroup (Permian and Triassic), mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia. 1997. Nyambe. Imasiku A.. Utting. John. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 24. 4. 563. 1997JAfES..24..563N .
- 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.007. The Karoo basins of south-central Africa. 2005. Catuneanu. O.. Wopfner. H.. Eriksson. P.G.. Cairncross. B.. Rubidge. B.S.. Smith. R.M.H.. Hancox. P.J.. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 43. 1–3 . 211–253. 2005JAfES..43..211C .
- 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.11.004. Sedimentology and taphonomy of the upper Karoo-equivalent Mpandi Formation in the Tuli Basin of Zimbabwe, with a new 40Ar/39Ar age for the Tuli basalts. 2004. Rogers. Raymond R.. Rogers. Kristina Curry. Munyikwa. Darlington. Terry. Rebecca C.. Bradley s.Singer. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 40. 3–4. 147. 2004JAfES..40..147R .
- 10.1016/0031-0182(90)90204-K. The Zambezi River: Tectonism, climatic change and drainage evolution. 1990. Nugent. Chris. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 78. 1–2 . 55–69. 1990PPP....78...55N.
- Griffin CT, Wynd BM, Munyikwa D, Broderick TJ, Zondo M, Tolan S, Langer MC, Nesbitt SJ, Taruvinga HR . 2022 . Africa's oldest dinosaurs reveal early suppression of dinosaur distribution . Nature . 609 . 7926 . 313–319 . 10.1038/s41586-022-05133-x. 36045297 . 2022Natur.609..313G .
- Barrett . Paul M. . Paul Barrett (palaeobiologist) . Chapelle . Kimberley E.J. . Sciscio . Lara . Broderick . Timothy J. . Zondo . Michel . Munyikwa . Darlington . Choiniere . Jonah N. . A new Late Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Mid-Zambezi Basin, Zimbabwe . . 69 . 2 . 227–241 . 10.4202/app.01100.2023. free .
- Raath, MA, Oesterlen PM, Kitching JW . 1992. First record of Triassic Rhynchosauria (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the lower Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe. Palaentologia Africana. 29. 1–10.
