Pearic languages explained

Pearic
Also Known As:Chongic
Region:Indochina
Familycolor:Austro-Asiatic
Child1:Pear
Child2:Chong
Protoname:Proto-Pearic
Glotto:pear1246
Glottorefname:Pearic
Map2:Austroasiatic-en.svg

The Pearic languages (alternatively called the Chongic languages[1]) are a group of endangered languages of the Eastern Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, spoken by Pear people (the Por, the Samré, the Samray, the Suoy, and the Chong) living in western Cambodia and eastern Thailand.[2] [3]

Pearic languages are remnants of the aboriginal languages of much of Cambodia, but have dwindled in numbers due to assimilation. "Pear" is a pejorative term meaning 'slave' or 'caste'.

Classification

Paul Sidwell proposed the following classification of the Pearic languages in Sidwell (2009:137), synthesizing analyses from Headley (1985), Choosri (2002), Martin (1974), and Peiros (2004)[4] He divides Pearic into two primary branches (Pear and Chong), with Chong being further divided into four groups.

Pearic lexical innovations include 'fish', 'moon', 'water leech', 'chicken', and 'fire'.[5]

Reconstruction

Headley (1985)

The Proto-Pearic language, the reconstructed ancestor of the Pearic languages, has been reconstructed by Robert Headley (1985).[6] The 149 Proto-Pearic forms below are from Headley (1985).

Sidwell & Rau (2015)

The following Proto-Pearic lexical proto-forms have been reconstructed by Sidwell & Rau (2015: 303, 340-363).[7]

Lexical innovations

Paul Sidwell (2015:203)[8] lists the following Pearic lexical innovations that had replaced original Proto-Austroasiatic forms.

Gloss Proto-Pearic Proto-Austroasiatic
fish
  • meːˀl
  • kaʔ
fire
  • pliːw
  • ʔus
bone
  • klɔːŋ
  • cʔaːŋ
chicken
  • ʔiər

Sidwell (2021) subsequently revised the list of Pearic lexical innovations as follows.[10]

Gloss Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Pearic Kasong Chong Samre Pear of Kompong Thom
‘fish’
  • kaʔ
  • meːˀw
me̤ː⁴⁵³ me̤ːˀw miːɹ miəl
‘fire’
  • ʔuːs
  • pleːw
ple̤ːw²¹ ple̤ːw pliːw phlou
‘bone’
  • cʔaːŋ
  • klɔːŋ
klɔːŋ³³ klɑːŋ kluəŋ
‘chicken’
  • ʔiər
  • hlɛːk
lɛːk⁴⁵ læːk liək lék
‘banana’
  • hlɔːŋ
lɔːŋ³³ lɑːŋ luəŋ lâng

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Sidwell, Paul. 2019. Proto-Pearic and the role of vowel height in register formation. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (ICAAL8), Chiang Mai, Thailand, August 29-31, 2019.
  2. Web site: Overview of the distribution of Pear (Por) people in Cambodia . 2007-10-11 . ngoforum.org . Ironside . Jeremy . April 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110724063704/http://www.ngoforum.org.kh/Land/Docs/Indigenous/Overview.htm#_ftn1. Jul 24, 2011.
  3. Encyclopedia: Pearic languages . Britannica Online Encyclopedia . Encyclopædia Britannica . 2007-11-19.
  4. Sidwell, Paul (2009). "Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art". LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.
  5. Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
  6. Headley, Robert K. 1985. "Proto-Pearic and the classification of Pearic." In Suriya Ratanakult et al. (eds.), Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies Presented to Andre-G. Haudricourt. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University. pp. 428-478.
  7. Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
  8. Sidwell, Paul. 2015. "Austroasiatic classification." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
  9. Headley (1985)
  10. Book: Sidwell, Paul. The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic languages. De Gruyter. 2021. 10.1515/9783110558142-011. 179–206.