Paul Davies Explained

Paul Davies
Birth Name:Paul Charles William Davies
Birth Date:1946 4, df=yes
Birth Place:London, United Kingdom
Fields:Physics
Alma Mater:University College London
Thesis Title:Contributions to Theoretical Physics: (i) Radiation Damping in the Optical Continuum; (ii) A Quantum Theory of Wheeler–Feynman Electrodynamics
Thesis Year:1970
Academic Advisors:Fred Hoyle (postdoctoral advisor)
Notable Students:Sara Imari Walker
Known For:Fulling–Davies–Unruh effect
Bunch–Davies vacuum state
Davies-Fulling "moving mirror" model[1]

Paul Charles William Davies (born 22 April 1946) is an English physicist, writer and broadcaster, a professor in Arizona State University and director of BEYOND: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science. He is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies in Chapman University in California. He previously held academic appointments in the University of Cambridge, University College London, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, University of Adelaide and Macquarie University. His research interests are in the fields of cosmology, quantum field theory, and astrobiology.

In 1995, he was awarded the Templeton Prize.[2] In 2005, he took up the chair of the SETI: Post-Detection Science and Technology Taskgroup of the International Academy of Astronautics. Davies serves on the Advisory Council of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence).

Education

Born on 22 April 1946, Davies was brought up in Finchley, London. He attended Woodhouse Grammar School and studied physics at University College London, gaining a Bachelor of Science degree with first-class honours in 1967.

In 1970, he completed his PhD under the supervision of Michael J. Seaton and Sigurd Zienau at University College London.[3] He carried out postdoctoral research under Fred Hoyle in the University of Cambridge.

Scientific research

Davies' research interests are theoretical physics, cosmology and astrobiology; his research has been mainly in the area of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. His notable contributions are the so-called Fulling–Davies–Unruh effect,[4] according to which an observer accelerating through empty space will be subject to a bath of induced thermal radiation, and the Bunch–Davies vacuum state, often used as the basis for explaining the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background left over from the Big Bang. A paper co-authored with Stephen Fulling and William Unruh was the first to suggest that black holes evaporating via the Hawking effect lose mass as a result of a flux of negative energy streaming into the hole from the surrounding space. Davies has had a longstanding association with the problem of time's arrow, and has also identified the mystery of 'dark energy' as one of the most important issues facing fundamental science.[5] Davies was also an early proponent of the theory that life on Earth may have come from Mars cocooned in rocks ejected by asteroid and comet impacts. He is also a propagator of scientific research and technology development in order to prevent future comet impacts threatening the development or existence of humankind.[6] He proposed that a one-way trip to Mars could be a viable option in the future. During his time in Australia he helped establish the Australian Centre for Astrobiology.

Davies was a co-author with Felisa Wolfe-Simon on the 2011 Science article "A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus".[7] Reports refuting the most significant aspects of the original results were published in the same journal in 2012.[8] Following the publication of the articles challenging the conclusions of the original Science article first describing GFAJ-1, the website Retraction Watch argued that the original article should be retracted because of misrepresentation of critical data.[9] [10]

Davies is an outreach investigator at Arizona State University's Center for Convergence of Physical Science and Cancer Biology. This is part of a program set up by the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute to involve physicists in cancer research which has set up a network of 12 Physical Sciences-Oncology Centers.[11]

Awards

Davies received the Templeton Prize in 1995.

Davies' talent as a communicator of science has been recognized in Australia by an Advance Australia Award and two Eureka Prizes, and in the UK by the 2001 Kelvin Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics, and the 2002 Faraday Prize by The Royal Society.

Davies was made a member of the Order of Australia in the 2007 Queen's birthday honours list.

The minor planet 6870 Pauldavies is named after him.

Media work

Davies writes and comments on scientific and philosophical issues. He made a documentary series for BBC Radio 3, and two Australian television series, The Big Questions and More Big Questions. His BBC documentary The Cradle of Life featured the subject of his Faraday Prize lecture. He writes regularly for newspapers and magazines worldwide. He has been guest on numerous radio and television programmes including the children's podcast programme Ask A Biologist.

A 2007 opinion piece "Taking Science on Faith" in The New York Times,[12] generated controversy over its exploration of the role of faith in scientific inquiry. Davies argued that the faith scientists have in the immutability of physical laws has origins in Christian theology, and that the claim that science is "free of faith" is "manifestly bogus." The Edge Foundation presented a criticism of Davies' article written by Jerry Coyne, Nathan Myhrvold, Lawrence Krauss, Scott Atran, Sean Carroll, Jeremy Bernstein, PZ Myers, Lee Smolin, John Horgan, Alan Sokal and a response by Davies beginning "I was dismayed at how many of my detractors completely misunderstood what I had written. Indeed, their responses bore the hallmarks of a superficial knee-jerk reaction to the sight of the words 'science' and 'faith' juxtaposed."[13] While atheists Richard Dawkins[14] and Victor J. Stenger[15] have criticised Davies' public stance on science and religion, other commentators, including the John Templeton Foundation,[16] have praised his work.[17] [18]

Davies wrote an article in The Wall Street Journal describing the background to the December 2010 arsenic bacteria press conference and stating that he supported the finding of Felisa Wolfe-Simon that arsenic can replace phosphorus because "I had the advantage of being unencumbered by knowledge. I dropped chemistry at the age of 16, and all I knew about arsenic came from Agatha Christie novels."[19] He also made the statement, "Well, I would be astonished if this was the only arsenic-based organism on Earth and Felisa just happened to scrape it up from the bottom of Mono Lake on the first try, It's quite clear that it is the tip of an iceberg. I think it's a window into a whole new world of microbiology. And as a matter of fact, she already has 20 or so candidate other organisms that we're very anxious to take a look at. I think we're going to see a whole new domain of life here."[20] It was later independently demonstrated that the organism's DNA contained no arsenic at all.[21] [22] [23] [24] Concerns have been raised about his responsibility as one of Wolfe-Simon's co-authors.[25]

In popular culture

Works

Popular science books

Technical books

Essays and papers

Notes and References

  1. The Davies-Fulling model describes the scattering of a massless scalar field by a mirror movingin two dimensions. It provides insights into the physics of Hawking radiation. See: Fulling . S. A. . Davies . P. C. W. . 1976 . Radiation from a moving mirror in two dimensional space-time: conformal anomaly . subscription . Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A . 348 . 393-414 . 79130 . 10.1098/rspa.1976.0045 . 3 June 2024.
  2. Niebuhr, Gustav (March 9, 1995). "Scientist Wins Religion Prize Of $1 Million."
  3. PhD . Paul. Davies . Contributions to theoretical physics: (i) Radiation damping in the optical continuum; (ii) A quantum theory of Wheeler–Feynham electrodynamics . . 1970 .
  4. Web site: Leman . Jennifer . 2022-04-27 . This Experiment Could Finally Show Us What Hyperspace Looks Like . 2022-05-07 . Popular Mechanics . en-US.
  5. Web site: 2021-09-06 . Cosmology, next-gen . 2022-05-07 . cosmosmagazine.com . en-AU.
  6. Web site: Humanity must build technology to 'destroy large incoming asteroid', says Richard Dawkins. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/science-and-technology/asteroid-threat-richard-dawkins-dinosaur-extinction-b1739671.html . 25 May 2022 . subscription . live. Independent.co.uk. 19 November 2020. 24 November 2020.
  7. Wolfe-Simon . F. . Felisa Wolfe-Simon . Blum . J. S. . Kulp . T. R. . Gordon . G. W. . Hoeft . S. E. . Pett-Ridge . J. . Jennifer Pett-Ridge . Stolz . J. F. . Webb . S. M. . Weber . P. K. . Davies . P. C. W. . Anbar . A. D. . 2011 . A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus . Science . 332 . 6034 . 1163 - 1166 . 2011Sci...332.1163W . 10.1126/science.1197258 . 21127214 . free . Oremland . R. S. . Ronald Oremland.
  8. Erb . T. J. . Kiefer . P. . Hattendorf . B. . Gunther . D. . Vorholt . J. A. . GFAJ-1 is an Arsenate-Resistant, Phosphate-Dependent Organism . 10.1126/science.1218455 . Science . 337 . 6093 . 467–470 . 2012 . 22773139. 2012Sci...337..467E . 20229329 . free .
  9. Web site: Despite refutation, Science arsenic life paper deserves retraction, scientist argues . David Sanders . Retraction Watch . 2012-07-09. 2012-07-09 .
  10. Web site: Sanders. David. 21 January 2021. Why one biologist says it's not too late to retract the "arsenic life" paper.
  11. Web site: Center for Convergence of Physical Science and Cancer Biology. 10 December 2020.
  12. News: Paul. Davies. Taking Science on Faith. The New York Times. 2007-11-24. 2010-10-02.
  13. Web site: Jerry Coyne . Nathan Myhrvold . Lawrence Krauss . Scott Atran . Sean Carroll . Jeremy Bernstein . PZ Myers . Lee Smolin . John Horgan . Alan Sokal . On "Taking Science on Faith" by Paul C. Davies . . 2010-09-28.
  14. Book: Richard Dawkins . 2006 . A Deeply Religious Non-Believer . The God Delusion . . 31–50 . 978-0-618-91824-9 . registration . https://archive.org/details/goddelusion00dawk_0 .
  15. Web site: Victor J. Stenger . Review of The Cosmic Blueprint . Science & Theology News . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100607135118/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/RelSci/CosmicBlueprint.htm . 7 June 2010 . dmy-all.
  16. Web site: Welcome Address at Ceremony for Presentation of Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion. Zimmerman. Gail D.. Gail D. Zimmerman. 3 May 1995. John Templeton Foundation. 3 June 2024.
  17. Web site: Not life as we know it, Jim. Barber. Garth. Church Times. 24 March 2010. 3 June 2024.
  18. Web site: Science Is Based on Assumptions from Biblical Theism. Graf. Otis. Reasons to Believe. 23 May 2024. 3 June 2024.
  19. News: . The 'Give Me a Job' Microbe . Davies . Paul . 4 December 2010 . 5 December 2010.
  20. News: Bacterium calls for biology rewrite: Transcript . . 4 December 2010 . 24 October 2018.
  21. News: Studies refute arsenic bug claim . 9 July 2012 . . 2012-07-10.
  22. GFAJ-1 Is an Arsenate-Resistant, Phosphate-Dependent Organism . Science . 8 July 2012 . Tobias J. Erb . 4 . Patrick Kiefer . Bodo Hattendorf . Detlef Gunter . Julia Vorholt. 10.1126/science.1218455 . 22773139 . 337 . 6093 . 467–70. 2012Sci...337..467E . 20229329 . free .
  23. http://rrresearch.fieldofscience.com/2012/01/csclmass-spectrometry-data.html RRResearch
  24. Absence of Detectable Arsenate in DNA from Arsenate-Grown GFAJ-1 Cells . Science . 8 July 2012 . Marshall Louis Reaves . 4 . Sunita Sinha . Joshua Rabinowitz . Leonid Kruglyak . Rosemary Redfield . 10.1126/science.1219861 . 22773140 . 3845625 . 337 . 6093 . 470–3. 1201.6643 . 2012Sci...337..470R .
  25. Web site: Rosie . Redfield . Authorship without responsibility? . RRResearch . 3 February 2012 . 24 October 2018.
  26. Ørsted, Bent. Review: Quantum Fields in Curved Space, by N. D. Birrell and P. C. W. Davies. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.). 1983. 8. 3. 471–477. 10.1090/s0273-0979-1983-15124-8. free.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Paul Davies".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.