| Barbara and Patricia Grimes | |
| Birth Name: | Barbara Jeanne Grimes 5 May 1941 Patricia Kathleen Grimes 31 December 1943 |
| Birth Place: | Cook County, Illinois U.S. |
| Death Date: | December 28 or 29, 1956 |
| Disappeared Date: | December 28, 1956 |
| Disappeared Place: | Brighton Park, Illinois, U.S. |
| Body Discovered: | January 22, 1957 Willow Springs, Illinois, U.S. |
| Death Cause: | Secondary shock. Murder |
| Nationality: | American |
| Citizenship: | United States |
| Resting Place: | Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, Alsip, Illinois, U.S. |
| Occupation: | Students |
| Known For: | Murder victims |
The murder of the Grimes sisters is an unsolved double murder that occurred in Chicago, Illinois, on December 28, 1956, in which two sisters named Barbara and Patricia Grimes—aged 15 and 12 respectively—disappeared while traveling from a Brighton Park movie theater to their home in McKinley Park. Their disappearance initiated one of the largest missing persons investigations in the history of Chicago.[1] The girls' nude bodies were discovered alongside a deserted road in Willow Springs on January 22, 1957.[2]
Although the sisters' autopsy reports concluded they had been murdered within five hours of their last confirmed sighting, and that both girls had died of secondary shock, numerous individuals attested to having seen the girls alive in the weeks between the night of December 28 and the subsequent discovery of their bodies.[3]
The murder of the Grimes sisters has been described by authors as a crime that "shattered the innocence" of Chicago.[4] This case is also acknowledged as one of the most labor-intensive missing person and murder investigations in Cook County,[5] and remains one of Chicago's most infamous cold cases.[6]
On December 28, 1956, two of the seven[7] children born to Joseph Cornelius and Lorretta Marcela (Hayes) Grimes—sisters Barbara, 15, and Patricia, 12—opted to view a screening of the Elvis Presley film Love Me Tender at a Brighton Park theater.[8] Barbara and Patricia have been described as being inseparable sisters,[9] and attentive students at the Thomas Kelly High School and St. Maurice's Catholic School which they, respectively, attended.[10] They are also known to have been devoted fans of Presley, and both had recently joined his official fan club. This particular occasion was the eleventh time the girls had viewed this particular Presley film,[11] and the sisters are known to have left their residence at approximately 7:30 p.m.,[12] having promised their mother they would be home before midnight.[13]
The Brighton Theater was located approximately one-and-a-half miles from the girls' McKinley Park home,[3] and Barbara and Patricia are presumed to have had approximately $2.50 (the equivalent of about $28.71) in their possession at the time they left their home, with Barbara having been instructed to keep fifty cents of this money in the zipper of her wallet should the two girls opt to view the second screening of this film scheduled to be shown at the theater that evening.[14] It is unknown how the sisters actually traveled to the Brighton Theater on this particular date, although they had invariably either walked or traveled by bus to this destination on previous occasions.[14]
A school friend of Patricia named Dorothy Weinert would later inform investigators she had been seated behind the girls with her own younger sister during the film, although Weinert and her sister had left the theater at the intermission of the double feature screened at the Brighton Theater that night, at approximately 9:30 p.m. As they had done so, Dorothy saw the Grimes sisters queueing to purchase popcorn. The two had seemed in good spirits, and neither Weinert sister noticed anything untoward in their demeanor.
Both sisters stayed to view the second screening of Love Me Tender, thus meaning they would be expected to return home at approximately 11:45 p.m. When the girls had not arrived home by midnight, their mother, Lorretta, sent their older sister, Theresa (aged 17), and brother Joey (aged 14) to wait by the bus stop located closest to the family home for their arrival.[11] After three successive buses had driven by without either girl arriving at the designated stop, both siblings returned home. Having by this stage already unsuccessfully contacted the girls' friends in the hope her daughters may be at one of these addresses,[15] and upon seeing the return of Theresa and Joey to the family home without their sisters, Lorretta Grimes filed missing person reports on her daughters with the Chicago Police Department at 2:15 a.m. on December 29.
The disappearance of the Grimes sisters sparked one of the largest missing person cases in the history of Cook County.[16] A citywide search for the girls was quickly initiated,[17] to which hundreds of police officers were subsequently assigned full-time.[5] Cook County officers were assisted by colleagues from surrounding suburbs, and a task force devoted solely to locating the sisters was formed,[15] with the ground search initiated on December 29 being bolstered by hundreds of local volunteers. Police conducted door-to-door canvassing throughout Brighton Park, and numerous canals and rivers were dredged. In addition, more than 15,000 flyers were distributed to local homes, and parishioners of the sisters' church offered a $1,000 reward (the equivalent of about $11,480) for information leading to their whereabouts.[18] As a result of this co-ordinated investigation, 300,000 people would be questioned,[19] with some 2,000 individuals subjected to serious interrogation pertaining to their potential culpability, although the two arrests and charges brought against individuals who confessed to the crime subsequently collapsed. One individual, Edward Bedwell, asserted he had been coerced into giving a confession after being subjected to a prolonged interrogation.[20]
Despite police efforts, and extensive media appeals producing many reported sightings of the girls, little in the way of hard evidence was yielded, although several teenagers who had been at the Brighton Theater on December 28 did inform investigators they had seen the sisters conversing with, then entering a car driven by a young man whose physical appearance had been similar to that of Elvis Presley.[17] The vehicle described by these eyewitnesses was consistently described as being a Mercury model.[8]
Prior to the implementation of the task force, and despite protests from the girls' parents, several investigators initially assigned to the case theorized the sisters had either run away from home[21] or were voluntarily staying with boyfriends. Although the sisters were front-page news by December 31,[14] their disappearance would only be seriously considered as a missing persons case—and thus appropriately treated as such—by investigators after approximately one week had passed without family and friends receiving any form of contact from either girl.[15] Nonetheless, extensive media appeals were conducted, imploring both sisters to return home, and for any eyewitnesses to contact police. Resultingly, numerous alleged sightings of the sisters would be reported to police as late as January 9, and these reports often described one or both of the girls as having been seen in various business establishments.[8] These sightings supported several investigators' initial theories the girls had opted to leave home of their own accord.
Theories also abounded that the sisters may possibly have traveled to Nashville, Tennessee, to see Presley in concert,[22] or that they had simply left their home of their own volition as a means of emulating Presley's lifestyle. In the event her daughters had actually been kidnapped, Lorretta Grimes publicly pleaded: "If someone is holding them, please let the girls call me",[23] adding: "I'll forgive them from the bottom of my heart."[24]
On January 19, 1957, an official statement was issued from Presley's Graceland estate. This televised[25] statement read: "If you are good Presley fans, you'll go home and ease your mother's worries." Presley is also known to have made a direct radio plea to the Grimes sisters, imploring the girls to return home to their mother.[26]
On January 22, 1957, following a rapid thaw of recent snowfall,[27] a construction worker named Leonard Prescott spotted what he later described as being "these flesh-colored things"[28] behind a guard rail as he drove along a rural country road named German Church Road, approximately 200 feet east of County Line Road in unincorporated Willow Springs. Initially unsure of the origin of what he had seen, and believing the forms may be mannequins, Prescott later returned to the site with his wife Marie, who fainted upon taking a closer look at what her husband had earlier seen. The forms were actually the nude, frozen bodies of the Grimes sisters, and the Prescotts immediately reported their findings to the Willow Springs Police Department.[6]
The girls' bodies lay upon a flat, horizontal section of snow-covered ground directly behind the guard rail, which extended for just before the incline of the embankment of Devil's Creek.[29] Barbara lay on her left side, with her legs drawn slightly up toward her torso. Patricia lay on her back, with her body covering her sister's head, and her own head turned sharply to the right.[4] It is believed the sisters had most likely been driven to this location in a car, with their bodies then being dragged or lifted out of the vehicle, then placed or thrown behind the guard rail.[30] Three wounds resembling those typically inflicted by ice picks were discovered upon Barbara's chest and injuries resembling blunt force trauma were visible upon her face and head,[31] while numerous injuries resembling bruises were discovered upon Patricia's face and body.[32] The girls' father, Joseph Grimes, was driven to the crime scene to formally identify both bodies.[15]
Following Joseph's initial positive identification of the bodies, over 160 police officers from several suburban Chicago police departments—assisted by numerous local volunteers—[33] conducted a search of the crime scene with the additional assistance of the Forest Preserves. This search uncovered little or no real evidence linked to the crime (any potential link any item discovered at the crime scene had to the murders has never been determined),[34] and the search itself was later criticized due to those organizing the search allowing untrained individuals to trample over any evidence that may have been at the location.[35]
The decedents' autopsies were performed the day following their discovery. These autopsies would be performed by three experienced forensic pathologists who, following a five-hour examination of each body,[36] were unable to reach agreement on either a date or a cause of death. These experts did determine via an examination of the sisters' stomach contents (that contained the approximate proportions of the last known meals and subsequent snacks the sisters had eaten on the evening of December 28[37]) that both girls had most likely died within approximately five hours of the time they had last been seen alive at the Brighton Theater, thus fixing the most likely time of death in each instance to have been either the late evening of December 28 or the early morning of December 29.[30] The cause of death in each case was ruled as being a combination of shock and exposure,[38] although each pathologist reached this conclusion via a process of eliminating other causes.[31] In addition, these experts concluded that many of the wounds discovered upon the girls' bodies had most likely been inflicted by rodents, with the actual puncture wounds having most likely been inflicted after death.[39]
No obviously fatal wounds were discovered upon either girl's body, and toxicology reports revealed that neither girl had been drunk, drugged, or poisoned prior to her death. No items of the sisters' clothing were ever found, although their bodies were described by the pathologists as being markedly clean.[40] The autopsies would also discover that Barbara had likely engaged in sexual intercourse—either consensually or unconsensually—around the time of her death, although no evidence of forcible molestation was found. The official death certificates of both Barbara and Patricia would list their cause of death as being murder;[41] the specific means of which, in both cases, was listed as being "secondary shock" resulting from exposure to low temperatures, which had reduced each girl's body temperature "below the critical level compatible with life."[42]
One of the coroners to perform the autopsies, Walter McCarron, surmised the sisters' bodies had lain undiscovered behind the guard rail on German Church Road for many days before their eventual discovery, stating that the bodies' markedly preserved condition given the time interval between their disappearance and discovery had been due to the frigid temperatures in the weeks prior to January 22, adding that this had been due to recent snowfalls and the frigid climate. McCarron also concluded the girls' bodies had lain undiscovered for more than three weeks because a layer of snow had blanketed the area on January 9, and that this snowfall had rapidly melted in the days immediately prior to their discovery.[43]
Despite these official conclusions, the chief investigator for the Cook County Coroner's Office, Harry Glos,[44] disagreed with the official time of death, later stating to the media there had been numerous "marks of violence on those girls' faces" strongly indicative of their being the recipients of violence as opposed to postmortem rodent infestation.[45] Glos also contended that a thin layer of ice found encrusted upon the sisters' bodies indicated they had most likely been alive until at least January 7, since only after that date would there have been sufficient snowfall to react with the girls' natural body heat in such a climate and thus create the layer of ice discovered upon their nude bodies in this location. Glos contended this proved their bodies had been warm when they had been deposited beside German Church Road, since only after January 7 had there been sufficient snow to create such an ice layer upon and around their bodies.[30]
In addition to these facts, Glos also stated that both girls had been subjected to sexual assaults throughout their period of captivity, adding that the autopsy conducted upon Patricia had discovered semen within the vaginal fluid swabbed from her body, and that curdled milk had also been found in Barbara's stomach, when she is not known to have drunk milk either at her home or at the cinema on the evening of December 28.[46]
The chief investigator of the Cook County coroner's office, Harry Glos, strongly believed an official suspect in the case named Edward Bedwell had been the individual who had committed the sisters' murders.[47] Glos asserted that the wound marks noted upon the girls' bodies in their autopsies had neither been adequately investigated or considered. He would also further assert his opinion that the wounding and assault marks had been evidence that the girls had been beaten prior to their murder and, in tandem with the evidence of sexual activity, were thus in line with the claims Bedwell provided to investigators in his January 1957 interrogations. Glos would also claim that investigators had refused to disclose these and potentially other lurid details of the case[48] due to a possible desire to protect the girls' reputations and/or spare their mother's feelings.[49] Similar allegations would be repeated in later years by others, some of whom claimed to have both seen the original case files, and to have interviewed numerous McKinley Park residents who alleged both girls had been in the habit of spending free time outside bars on 36th Street and Archer Avenue, where they regularly persuaded older men to purchase alcoholic drinks to be delivered to them outside the premises.[30] [50] [51]
Despite Glos's insistence that the pathologists had "[taken] the girls off Madison Street and put them into respectability",[23] investigators connected to the case continued to insist that there had been no evidence of either girl being disreputable, or the recipient of extreme violence or sexual molestation prior to her death.[52]
After refusing to retract his statements, Glos was fired by Coroner Walter E. McCarron on February 15,[53] although Glos would insist his firing had been politically motivated.[46] Nonetheless, Glos would later be deputized by Sheriff Joseph D. Lohman—who concurred with Glos's conviction the girls had likely been beaten and tortured by a sexual predator who had lured them into his vehicle upon an innocent pretense—to continue to work on the case without pay.[48]
Between the last confirmed sighting of the sisters at the Brighton Theater on December 28, 1956, and the subsequent discovery of their bodies 25 days later, several unconfirmed sightings of the sisters both in and outside Chicago were reported to the Chicago Police Department.[30] The most widely reported sightings include the following:
Edward Lee "Bennie" Bedwell[63] was a 21-year-old semi-literate drifter, originally from Tennessee, who had been evicted from his family's East Garfield Park home in November 1956[64] and in the weeks preceding the Grimes sisters' murder had occasionally earned money by working as a part-time dishwasher in a Chicago skid row restaurant. Bedwell was a tall individual who allegedly bore a strong resemblance to Elvis Presley. According to John and Minnie Duros (the owners of the restaurant where Bedwell had been employed), he and another young male had been at her premises in the company of two girls who physically resembled[65] the Grimes sisters in the early morning of December 30.[66] Duros conveyed this information to police on January 24. Bedwell was arrested thereafter and subjected to interrogation for three days.[67]
Initially, Bedwell was insistent that John and Minnie Duros and a patron named Rene Echols (who had corroborated the Duros's eyewitness statements) were mistaken in their identification of the girls he had been in the company of on December 30. However, he was formally charged with the sisters' murders on January 27, 1957, having signed a 14-page confession in which he said that he and a 28-year-old acquaintance named William Cole Willingham[68] had indeed been in the company of the Grimes sisters on December 30. He stated that they were together until January 7—typically drinking in various West Madison Street skid row saloons.[69] According to Bedwell, after several days in the girls' willing company, shortly after he and his companion had fed the sisters hot dogs,[70] they had extensively beaten both girls before throwing their nude bodies into a snow-filled ditch[71] when both sisters had refused their sexual advances.[72] Upon reading Bedwell's confession, Lorretta Grimes was quoted as stating: "It's a lie. My girls wouldn't be on West Madison Street. They didn't even know where it was."[8]
Willingham admitted he had been in the company of Bedwell and two girls in the early hours of December 30, but denied the girls had been the Grimes sisters.[73] He also emphatically denied any involvement in the murders; Bedwell himself would later recant the confession he had provided to investigators, stating that he had only provided a confession after being held in custody for four days in the mistaken belief the police would subsequently release him if he did so.[72]
The autopsy reports upon both girls also supported Bedwell's recantation, as no alcohol or hot dogs were found in either victim's blood or digestive systems,[74] nor had the girls been beaten to death. Furthermore, Bedwell is also known to have been clocked in at Ajax Consolidated Company, his place of employment, from 4:19 p.m. on December 28, 1956, to 12:30 a.m. on December 29, covering the most likely time of the sisters' abduction,[67] with further records confirming Bedwell had been working in Cicero on the date he said he had murdered them. On February 6, Bedwell was freed on a $20,000 bond (the equivalent of about $229,600) paid for by an individual from Champaign.
The same year of his acquittal, Bedwell would be tried and acquitted of the 1956 rape of a 13-year-old girl in Oak Hill, Florida.[75] He died in November 1972.[76]
Max Fleig was a 17-year-old suspect in the sisters' murders. Initially considered one of the prime suspects, due to his age, Fleig was protected by contemporary Illinois laws that prevented juveniles from subjection to polygraph tests. Nonetheless, Chicago Police Captain Ralph Petacque persuaded the teenager to submit to an unofficial polygraph test,[16] which Fleig voluntarily undertook.[77] In the course of this unofficial polygraph test, Fleig allegedly confessed to the murders.[78] With no legal means of using this test as evidence against Fleig,[79] police were forced to release him without charge.[77]
In addition, police were unable to charge Fleig with the murders due to there being a lack of physical evidence corroborating his confession that he had kidnapped and subsequently killed the sisters.
Fleig was later jailed for the unrelated murder of a young woman.[79]
Walter Kranz, a 53-year-old steamfitter and self-proclaimed psychic, phoned a switchboard operator at Chicago's central police complaint room on January 15 to inform the operator of his conviction that both sisters were deceased and that their bodies could be found in an unincorporated area of Lyons Township.[79] Kranz refused to disclose his name to the operator in this phone call, simply stating that he had experienced this revelation in a dream, before terminating the call. Nonetheless, the operator was able to trace the call to a location close to his home.[24]
The park described by Kranz in his telephone call would prove to be approximately one mile from the true location where the girls' bodies would be just found one week later.[80] When questioned, Kranz informed police that several members of his family and ancestors possessed psychic powers,[67] and that he had experienced this particular vision after a night of heavy drinking.[39]
Although initially considered by police to be their "number one suspect" in the murders,[34] and with handwriting experts also determining he may have written a ransom note received by the girls' mother prior to the discovery of her daughters' bodies, Kranz denied any involvement in the sisters' abduction and murder. After being subjected to multiple interrogations, he was released.
In the weeks between the disappearance and subsequent discovery of her daughters' bodies, Lorretta Grimes was unable to work and thus earn money to raise her children and pay the mortgage upon her home. Friends and neighbors of the Grimes family—plus classmates and teachers of the sisters—organized various initiatives to raise funds for the family. Additional funds would be raised via the local press and council, with the donations raised via all various methods ranging from 50 cents to $500. Consequently, all funds raised would enable the Grimes family to both pay the remaining mortgage on their home and bury Barbara and Patricia's bodies.[81]
Following a wake held in the girls' memory on January 25,[82] and a Holy Mass conducted at St. Maurice Church, Barbara and Patricia Grimes were laid to rest at the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois, on January 28.[83] All fees for the service were waived by the Wollschlager Funeral Home, and the sisters are buried side by side.[84] Among those to serve pallbearers at this service were classmates of Barbara's.[85]
In May 1957, Lorretta Grimes received an anonymous telephone call from an individual who claimed to have undressed and killed her daughters. Although the Grimes family had received numerous hoax phone calls following the girls' disappearance,[25] this particular caller, having ridiculed police efforts to affix blame upon suspects such as Edward Bedwell, ended his phone call with information indicating he may indeed have been the perpetrator: "I know something about your little girl that no one else knows, not even the police. The smallest girl's toes were crossed at the feet!" This caller then laughed before terminating the call.[86]
One year after the murder of her daughters, Lorretta Grimes publicly stated her conviction her daughters had been murdered by an individual they had known, stating that although the weather had been bitterly cold on the night of their abduction, Barbara and Patricia would never have entered a vehicle driven by an individual unknown to them, regardless of any discomfort.[87]
Joseph Lohman, the Cook County Sheriff who strongly believed the Grimes sisters had been beaten, tortured and murdered by a sexual predator who had lured them into a vehicle on the evening of their disappearance, died of natural causes in 1969. At the time of his death, Lohman was the Dean of the School of Criminology in Berkeley.[88]
On the 18th anniversary of the disappearance of the Grimes sisters, Ernest Spiotto, the sole detective who had been involved in the investigation of the girls' murders from the very beginning and who remained assigned to the investigation, again announced to the media the police had no credible suspects in the case.[89] Officially, the murders of the Grimes sisters remain unsolved, although this is an open case.
The Grimes sisters' younger brother, James Grimes, who was just 11 at the time of his sisters' murder, stated in 2013 that he welcomed what he saw as a public "reopening of the case," stating: "I just assumed it was never going to be solved. [But] maybe there's hope."[90]
In 2013, a retired West Chicago police officer named Raymond Johnson began a personal investigation into the case. Johnson—considered by many to be an expert on this case—had become interested in the Grimes sisters' case in 2010, when he had been researching a book he had been writing about the city's history.[91] Having extensively researched the case, Johnson has stated his conviction that the case is still a solvable one, but only with public assistance,[92] and that he believes that the perpetrator of this crime had been a 23-year-old self-confessed child killer named Charles LeRoy Melquist, who had been considered a suspect in the sisters' abduction and murder in 1957.[93]
Melquist had been convicted of the September 1958 murder of a 15-year-old girl named Bonnie Leigh Scott, whom he had known prior to her murder,[94] and whose decapitated body had been found two months after her disappearance less than 10 miles from where the Grimes sisters' bodies had been discovered.[95] Following the discovery of Scott's body, investigators had noted similarities in this murder and body disposal, and that of the Grimes sisters. Nonetheless, Melquist was never questioned as to his potential culpability in the Grimes sisters' murders, as his attorney had forbidden him to be subject to questioning.[96]
The day after the body of Bonnie Leigh Scott was discovered, Lorretta Grimes received a phone call from an individual who, on this occasion, claimed responsibility for Scott's murder. On this occasion, the caller had stated: "I've committed another perfect crime ... This is another one those cops won't solve and they're not going [to affix blame onto] Bedwell or Barry Cook."[86] Lorretta Grimes would remain adamant until her death this caller had been the same individual who had contacted her in May 1957 and had revealed the deformity upon one of her daughters' feet which had never been released to the press or the public, stating: "I will never forget that voice."[86]
Charles Melquist was never charged with his alleged involvement in the deaths of the Grimes sisters. He died in 2010.[97]